Isendlalelo sama-orchid - okungcono ukukhula

Ama-orchid amahle ayizitshalo ezi-moody. Njenganoma imaphi ama-epiphytes, athambile kakhulu ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha isakhi esivumelana esifanele ukuze la ma-exotic ajabule ngezimbali zawo.

Yini izimfuneko zoqhekeko

Luhlobo luni lomhlabathi oludingekayo kwi-orchid, olunqunywa ngokuya ngohlobo lwembali nezimo zokulungiswa kwayo, ikakhulukazi, kumswakama. Uma womile umoya wangaphakathi, inhlanganisela yomhlabathi ingamelana nomswakama kakhudlwana.

Isigatshana sama-orchid

Inhlabathi yama-orchid kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlanya. Akufanele kube khona izitshalo nezilwane ezingena emhlabathini. I-microflora engasizakali kangako ku-substrate, ngcono ama-orchid. Ezinyamazaneni zasendle, zikhula ezihlahleni zezihlahla, lapho imakhrosorld enjalo ingekakhiwa njengasemhlabathini.
• Isakhiwo esingenakunqotshwa. Inhlabathi akufanele ibole futhi ibole, ingabulala imbali.
• Ukwakheka kwe-asidi okubuthakathaka. Izinga le-pH elilungile kakhulu ngu-5.5-6.0. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ingafinyelela ku-6.5 pH, kepha akusekho okunye. I-acidity yenhlabathi inqunywa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-litmus. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka i-substrate encane esitsheni esihlanzekile bese ugcwalisa ngamanzi ayi-distilled. Ukuhlolwa kwe-litmus kwehliswa lapho imizuzwana engama-30. Ngokuya nge-acidity, izoshintsha umbala. Kukhona amamitha we-acidity akhethekile womhlaba, athengiswa ezitolo ezihlinzeka engadini.
• Amandla wokugcina umswakama lapho umoya womile.
• Ukukhanya nokuqina, amandla okunikeza ukufinyelela okulula komoya ezimpandeni ze-epiphyte.

I-Soil Acidity Meter

Kungasetshenziswa umhlaba ojwayelekile

Lo mbuzo awukwazi ukuphendulwa ngokungathandeki. Kunama-orchid amaningi, futhi phakathi kwawo akuwona ama-epiphytes akhula ezihlahleni kuphela, kodwa ama-lithophytes ahlala emadwaleni angenalutho. Ama-lithophytes afaka ezinye zezinhlobo zePaphiopedilums ("iVenus slippers"), ezijwayele yonke i-phalaenopsis kanye ne-dendrobiums egcwele izimbali. Zonke zingakhula njengama-epiphytes.

Kunezinhlobo zomhlaba ezingama-orchid. Lawa amakhalenda, ama-blethillas, ama-cymbidiums, amanye ama-Paphiopedilums ne-pleione. Ungatshala neMacode, Hemaria, Gudayer, Anectochilus ebhodweni lomhlaba.

ICymbidium

I-Sphagnum moss njenge-substrate yama-orchid

Ama-Florists ahlala ephikisana ngokusetshenziswa kwalokhu kusetshenziswa njengento yokuqala yama-orchid. Inezinzuzo nezinzuzo zayo.

Izinzuzo ze-sphagnum (peat) moss:

• Ukuba khona kwe-sphagnol - i-phenolic compact enezinto ezingama-bactericidal. Isendlalelo esinjalo sizoba inzalo, okuyilokho esidingekayo ekukhuleni kwama-orchid.
• Amandla wokuqongelela nokugcina umswakama. Amanzi ku-sphagnum asatshalaliswa ngokulingene.
• I-Moss ingasetjenziswa zombili ngefomathi entsha neyomile, izakhiwo zayo aziguquki.
• Inhlabathi ye-Sphagnum ilungile, ilula futhi ixegile, elilungile kuma-epiphytes.
• Lapho amanzi ehwamuka, kufakwa usawoti we-magnesium ne-calcium ebusweni, okuvimba imbali ukuthi ingakhuli ngendlela evamile. Ukuhlanganiswa nge-sphagnum kuvimbela ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-substrate.

Izinhlangothi ezingezinhle zezinto ezibonakalayo zivela kuphela ngokusetshenziswa okungalungile.

Okubi kwe-sphagnum njengomhlabathi wama-orchid:

• Izinambuzane ezinambuzelayo zingakhula kumila ongagcineki womile noma oboshelwe ngamanzi.
• Izinto ezibonakalayo zibola ngokushesha. Kufanele iguqulwe okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka.
• Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, i-moss ingahle icindezelwe. Ngale ndlela, kubeka ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni zesitshalo.
• I-sphagnum eyomile ikwazi ukudonsa amanzi amahlandla angama-20 umthamo wayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukubala uketshezi lokunisela.

I-Moss sphagnum

Amagxolo ephayini

Okusondele kakhulu emgceni wemvelo. Amagxolo aqothula umswakama, izimpande ze-epiphyte zimunca. Ama-orchid anamathele kahle enhlabathini kusuka ku-pine bark futhi alondoloze kalula indawo ethe mpo.

Amagxolo e-Oak angcono kakhulu, kepha lokhu sekuyisigaba se-premium, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa nesiqu kune-pine, futhi kunamandla amaningi.

Amagxolo ephayini

I-substrate yama-orchid ezenzela ngokwakho kusuka ku-pine bark iyindawo efanelekile yokuxubha okulungiselelwe okwenziwe esitolo.

I-Lowland peat namalahle

Ngendlela yayo emsulwa, i-peat njenge-substrate yama-orchid ayikhuthazwanga ngisho nasezinhlotsheni zomhlaba.

I-Lowland peat

Uhlelo lwezimpande lwama-rots wezimbali okwamanje. I-peland ye-Lowland ingasetjenziswa kuphela njengesengezo engxenyeni, uyihlanganisa ne-bark, namalahle nezinye izinto.

Izimpande ze-Fern

Izimpande ze-osmund yasebukhosini zazisetshenziselwa ukutshala ama-orchid kaningi kakhulu kunegxolo likaphayini, kepha azilungele neze. Manje le fern ifakiwe enanini lezinhlobo ezivikelwe, futhi kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuyivumela ku-substrate. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezivame kakhulu zinezimfanelo ezifanayo:

• ungatatazeli;
• gcina umswakama kahle;
• ukuthunyelwa komoya nokukhanya;
• aqukethe izinto eziningi zokulandela eziwusizo kuma-orchid.

Umhlabathi kungenzeka ungahambisani ngokuphelele nezimpande zefern, zingama-additive afanayo ne-peat.

Izimpande ze-Fern

Ngenani elikhulu lale ngxenye, i-substrate iba nomswakama omningi kakhulu, onomthelela ekuwohlokeni kwezimpande.

Inhlabathi

Ezitolo zezimbali uvame ukuthola inhlabathi okuthiwa ngama-orchid ("Flora Orchid", "Plan Terra"). Ochwepheshe abamthandi ngempela futhi abazincomi ukuthi zisetshenziselwe izinhlobo zezidalwa zomhlaba ezifunda i-substrate esindayo. Kwama-phalaenopsis, izimpande zawo zibandakanyeka ngentshiseko ku-photosynthesis, inhlabathi enjalo ebunjiwe kahle ayilungile.

Ama-substrates athandwa kakhulu atholakalayo

I-Ceramis yama-orchid iyi-granules encane yobumba enezithako zebhayoloji (phosphorus, potassium ne nitrogen). Mina. nomhlaba wama-orchid, nomanyolo ngasikhathi sinye. Ukwakheka kwesiqeshana, ngaphezu kwezinhlayiya zobumba, kufaka ne-pine bark noma i-larch.

I-primer engasetshenziswa kabusha. Ngisho nangemva kwesitshalo esifile, singasetshenziswa ngokugeza nje nokubhaka kuhhavini.

Uthandwa ngama-phalaenopsis. Izinsana zazo zinezimpande kule ngxube ngokushesha okukhulu.

Inhlabathi igcina kalula umswakama odingekayo, kepha uhlelo lwezimpande kuwo alubuni. Uma usebenzisa ingxube akudingi ukufakelwa njalo kwama orchid.

Izici ezingezinhle azikavezwa kuCeramis.

I-Ceramis

Ama-orchid ama-orchid akhiwa ngamagxolo ahlanganisiwe ahlanganiswe kakhudlwana wephayiphu ovuthayo ovela eNew Zealand. Inhlabathi ayidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile, idlula umoya kanye nomswakama kahle, ayiqukethe ubuthi kanye namagciwane ayingozi. Ngokungafani ne-ceramis, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kaninginingi.

I-Orchiata

Umphumela we-Bio wama-orchid. Kuqukethe:

• amagxolo kaphayini we-Angarsk;
• ukulandelela izinto: i-iron, i-magnesium ne-zinc;
• Peat enkulu;
• amalahle;
• kakhukhunathi fiber.

Lapho usebenzisa inhlabathi enjalo, isitshalo kulula ukusigcwalisa, ngoba sigcina umswakama omningi kakhulu, okufaka isandla ekubolekeni kwezimpande.

Umphumela weBio

Ukuhanjiswa kwendluli

Uma ngesizathu esithile kungenzeki ukuthenga i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo yama-orchid, ungazilungiselela lesi sikhala esingezansi. Izakhi ezihlangene ngesandla, njengegxolo likaphayini, kufanele zicutshungulwe ngokucophelela.

Izingcezu ezikhethiwe zamagxolo kudingeka zihlanzwe ezingcolile bese zithunyelwa endaweni ebandayo yobudala yokuguga ukuze kuqedwe izinambuzane.

Bese uqhuba ukwelashwa okushisa:

1. Ingcezu enkulu yamagxolo iphulwe yaba yincane eminye bese ibekwa phansi ezitsheni ezingadingekile (ipani yensimbi yakudala noma i-aluminium, kanye nebhakede elibunjiwe, lizokwenza).
2. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, amagxolo acindezelwa nge-cobblestone noma okunye ukucindezela ukuze umhlabathi wesikhathi esizayo ungabonakali.
3. Ithangi ligcwele amanzi, angafinyeleli ku-5 cm ukuya emaphethelweni. Faka umlilo, ubilise, ubilise ukushisa bese upheka okungenani ihora.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho amanzi ayakhishwa, bese amagxolo omiswe kahle kuhhavini ngo-100 ° C.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ye-DIY

Abanye abalimi bathanda ukulungiselela umhlaba wama-orchid ekhaya. Ngakho-ke banesiqiniseko sezinto ezisetshenzisiwe nokusingathwa kwazo okufanele.

Ngakho-ke, i-primer ye-orchid: ukwakheka ngokwakho. Kufaka:

• i-moss sphagnum;
• i-lowland peat;
• izimpande ze-fern;
• Izigaxa zikaphayini kanye namagxolo;
• namalahle (Kungcono ukuqoqa okusele ngemuva komlilo; amalahle athengiwe angangezwa ngokwakwenziwe ngezinto ezivuthayo. Uma umlilo uvutha uketshezi olukhethekile, amalahle awanakususwa kuwo);
• i-vermiculitis;
• ubumba olwandisiwe;
• isisekelo;
• ufulawa we-dolomite;
• kakhukhunathi fiber.

Abanye futhi bengeza i-polystyrene lapha, kepha kunombono wokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ama-styrene akhishwa kuwo, ayingozi kuma-orchid.

Izithako ezivela kuhlu olungenhla akudingeki ukuthi zisetshenziswe konke ngasikhathi sinye. Ungenza izingoma zezinto ezithile:

• amalahle namabala okaphayini (1: 5);
• i-bark + sphagnum + amalahle (5: 2: 1);
• i-bark + i-peat + ubumba olwandisiwe + lwamalahle + ufulawa we-dolomite (3 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1).

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokulungiselela i-substrate:

1. Pheka bese uhlela zonke izithako.
2. Bilisa amagxolo.
3. Ukuphuma kwe-Sphagnum, kulahla konke ngokungadingekile.
4. Hlanganisa izithako ngezilinganiso ezifanele.
5. Bheka i-acidity.
6. Ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ebhodweni le-cache-pot.
7. Tshala imbali.

Naphezu kwakho konke ukungathandeki kwama-orchid, ungenza inhlabathi ekhaya, engeke ibe mibi kakhulu kunokuba ithengwe. Uma unamathela kule mithetho, umuntu ohlala ezindaweni ezishisayo uzokujabulisa ngezempilo nezimbali ezinhle.