Dewdrop - isitshalo esidliwayo, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Umhlaba wezitshalo wehlukene futhi uhlukile. Kunezimbali ezinhle ezinephunga elibi nezitshalo ezimbi kukubi, kufaka amakha amnandi. Endaweni yemilingo yemithi, izihlahla nezimbali, kunabantu abaningi abamangaza lo mbono ngokukhula, amandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo zezemvelo, kanye nekhono lokusinda ehlathini nasehlane.

Emhlabeni jikelele kuneqembu lezitshalo ezingamalungu emindeni ehlukene, kepha bahlanganyela into eyodwa - bayathakazelisa. Bangahlangana kunoma iyiphi indawo yesimo sezulu nakuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Arctic. Enye yalezi zitshalo sundew.

Isitshalo sokuhlanza

Kukhona imbali engaqondakali eqenjini lezitshalo zasendle. IDewdrop yisitshalo esingavikeleki, esinezinhlobo ezingama-164. Yize zitholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba, iningi likhula eNew Zealand nase-Australia. Abamele isundws, ezikhula enyakatho, bancane kakhulu kunabalingani babo basezindaweni ezishisayo. Isibonelo, isiqu somuntu omkhulu wase-Australia sundew angafika ku-60-100 cm.

URosyanka - inyamazane ebukekayo

I-Royal sundew yasebukhosini ayidli nje kuphela izinambuzane, kodwa futhi neminenke, amagundane, amasele kanye nezandla. Emazweni aseYurophu anesimo sezulu esifudumele, ungathola, ngaphezu kwesivamile se-round-leaved (i-drosera rotundifolia), izinhlobo eziningi ezengeziwe zelanga. ENyakatho Nenkabazwe, ummeleli walo mndeni onamaqabunga ama-oblong (i-drosera anglica) ukhula ezixhaphozini. Zikhula kuma-mosses, lapho zingekho - khona kanye emadwaleni.

Ukwakha

I-Dewdrop isitshalo esidla inyama, endaweni yayo yemvelo ingaba nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nesakhiwo. Eningizimu eseningizimu sundew iyakhula, iphakeme futhi ibe mfushane i-peduncle yayo. E-Australia naseCape of Good Hope kunabantu abakhula emithini, abanye babo abafinyelela osayizi obukhulu (kufika ku-1.5 -3 m ukuphakama). Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, lesi sitshalo siphansi ngobukhulu futhi ngaphandle sihluke kwabakhileyo ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-sundew? Isimiso sokuhleleka sabo bonke abameleli be-sundew yomndeni (Droseraceae) siyefana. Amaqabunga esitshalo aqoqwe ku-rosette eyisisekelo. Kwezinye izinhlobo zinesimo esiyindilinga, kwezinye - ngokweqile. I-Cilia ingaba luhlaza, ibomvu noma i-tan.

Izimbali ezipinki, ezimhlophe noma ezi-raspberry sundew ziphakeme impela, sibonga ama-peduncle amade. Imvelo ithambekele ngokufanele, imnikeza isakhiwo esinjalo.

Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sesitshalo se-carnivorous - sundew

I-buds yesitshalo ivulwa kuphela ngosuku olulodwa. Ukuze izinambuzane zikwazi ukumlingene futhi zingaweli ogibeni lwamaqabunga anamathela, imbali kumele ikhule ibe yinde. Ngemuva kokuvota, amabhokisi enezinhlamvu ezincane ayakhiwa. Izimpande zesundw zibuthakathaka. Umsebenzi wabo ukugcina imbali isemhlabathini bese uyinisela inhlabathi. Uzothola amaprotheni adingekayo kanye namaminerali, ngenxa yezisulu zakhe.

Isibonelo, i-sundew emfushane, eyekile ukukhiqiza ama-enzyme adingekayo wokukhishwa kosawoti emhlabathini. Akusizo zonke izinhlobo zalo mndeni eziye zalahlekelwa ngokuphelele ikhono lokuthola umsoco wezimpande.

Indlela yamandla

Ngakho-ke luyini usuku lwelanga? Kungani agqugquzela ukwesaba kuwo wonke umuntu owenzekile lapho embona eya ekuzingeleni? Igama "sundew" isitshalo esithole ukufana kwamaconsi ecwebezelayo wesisindo esinamathela ku-villi yamaqabunga enamazolo. Lesi sitshalo sibomvu noma siluhlaza ngombala sinamaqabunga ambozwe yi-cilia engama-25 ezinhlangothini nangaphezulu kwepuleti leqabunga.

Ekugcineni, i-villi ine-thickening ene-gland ekhipha umunxa onamathelayo ngephunga elimnandi elimnandi. Ehehwa ubukhazikhazi bamaconsi nephunga elimnandi, izinambuzane ngaphandle kokwesaba zihlala esiqeshini bese zibopha endaweni enamathele. Isitshalo esihlaselayo sisabela ngokushesha ukuthinta.

Iligoqa ishidi, izama ukubamba isisulu ngayo yonke i-cilia. Lapho izinambuzane ziqhubeka nokuqina, lo mbokazi uyawubamba.

Kumaconsi koketshezi lwe-viscous, lapho inyamazane icwiliswa ngokuphelele, ngaphezu kwama-enzymes wokugaya ukudla, amanye amasundulu aqukethe izinto ezikhubazayo. Njengoba sewele ogibeni olunjalo, isisulu siphenduka ukudla kube ngamaphesenti ayikhulu. Inqubo yokumba ukudla kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphuza kwenzeka ngokwamaminithi, kwezinye ihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ngemuva kokuthi ukudla kugaywe, ishidi livele, kuvela kuphela izinsalela zesinambuzane noma isilwane ebusweni baso. Ama-enzymes abandakanyeka ekugayweni ayakwazi ukuncibilikisa ngisho nenhliziyo encane yesilazi. Okusuka ezinambuzaneni, kuphela igobolondo lazo eliyisihlwitha. Isikhathi esithile, iqabunga leqabunga lihlala lomile. Kepha uma i-drosera ilambile, kuzovela futhi “izinyembezi” ku-cilia. Isitshalo sundew futhi "phuma" ukuyozingela.

URosyanka "unesidlo sasemini"

Noma imidlwane nomiyane bengeke beze imbali isikhathi eside, isitshalo ngeke sife. Umthombo wokudla kwawo ngamaprotheni, njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, kuzosebenza njengekhabhoni dioksijeni kanye nenhlabathi enothe ngamaminerali.

Iqhaza emvelweni

Endle, amasundla asebenza njengohlobo lwe-balancer egcina ukulingana phakathi kwezimbali nezilwane. Akekho futhi akukho lutho olukhona kulomhlaba kanjalo nje. Isidalwa ngasinye esiphilayo nento engaphili ineqhaza okufanele idlale. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesitshalo se-Drosera.

Uma izinkuni zibhekwe njenge- "ukuhleleka" kwezihlahla ezisehlathini ezidla izinambuzane eziyingozi emagxolo, khona-ke isishwayi sizobhubhisa izinambuzane ezindaweni ezinamathuku. Izihlobo zaseningizimu zembali nazo zidla abameleli abakhulu bezilwane. Konke kuncike enhlanhleni enhle: i-toad ibhajwe - i-sundew yayinenhlanhla. Izimbangi zidinga nokudla ukuze ziphile.

Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile sale imbali, sakha ama-rosette aqonde mpo, ubude baso buhlukahluka ngokusuka ku-1 cm kuya ku-31 m. Ngaphandle kwesistimu yezimpande ebuthakathaka nokubukeka okubuthaka, la ma-perennials kwesinye isikhathi ahlala iminyaka engama-50. Amadada ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezinesimo sezulu esipholile aphumula ebusika.

Izinhlobo zesundw

Ezitshalweni ezithokozisayo, amasundwese anhlobonhlobo futhi avamile. Ngemuva kokugcwala izindimbane zeNyakatho Nenkabazwe eMelika, eYurophu nase-Asia, amashumi amahlanu asemadolobheni avumelane nezimo ezinhle kakhulu, ngenxa yobuningi bezinambuzane, esimweni sezulu esinciphile. Ukuntuleka kosawoti we-phosphoric, potassium kanye ne-nitrogenous okutholwe izimpande ezingekho ngaphansi kusuka enhlabathini eshisayo “kwaphoqelela” lesi sitshalo ukuba sinake indlela entsha yokondla: ukudla izimpukane, omiyane, ama-dragonflies, amaningi kakhulu emigodini.

Ngenxa yamaqabunga aguquliwe ane-villi enezindlala, ama-sundew afunda ukubamba inyamazane yawo futhi ayigaya ngokusebenzisa ama-enzyme nama-organic acid avela ku-cilia.

Omanzi emvelweni

Hhayi kuphela endaweni yasenyakatho ye-hemisphere ephila. Alikho izwekazi elilodwa, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic, elivinjelwe ukunaka kwalo ngosuku. Ingatholakala ogwadule nase-sandwich yase-Australia, ezindaweni eziseMexico nasezintabeni ezintabeni zeCaucasus. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izimbongi nabalobi, abaculi kanye nabaculi banikele ngemisebenzi yabo kule "mbulazi ebabazekayo", beyifaka ngezimfanelo ezinhle ezingakaze zibonwe.

AmaNgisi ayesetshenziselwa ukubiza usuku oluyindilinga ngokuthi "amazolo elanga", adume ngokuthi yi-flycatcher. Igama elithi "Drosera" ("Dew") laqala ngokunikezwa isitshalo usosayensi wemvelo waseSweden uKarl Linney. Ngempela, isheya yamaconsi anamathela alesi sitshalo kude ibanga elingaba khona ngenxa yamazolo. Umbono ukuthi muhle futhi uqamba kanjani, njengoba uyingozi.

IsiNgisi Dewdrop

I-English Dewdrop (Drosera anglica) yalethwa ivela eHawaii. Uthole izwe elisha eCaucasus, eRussia, eBelarus nase-Ukraine, eSiberia nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi. Imvamisa lolu hlobo lokushayela lutholakala eCanada, e-USA, eFar East, eYurophu naseJapan.

IsiNgisi eside-leaved sundew

Ixazululwa kaningi eduze kwesundew-eleved kanye naphakathi nosuku. Izindawo ezithandekayo ze-Drosera anglica zingama-sphagnum bogs enomhlabathi omanzi onesihlabathi. Kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala, lesi sitshalo sisengozini yokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke kwafakwa ohlwini lweNcwadi Ebomvu yezitshalo ezingavamile eRussia.

Ngokwencazelo yesiNgisi sundew, umuntu angabona iqiniso lokuthi likhula lisuka ku-9 laya ku-24 cm, linamaqabunga amade (ama-9-11 cm) nezimbali ezimhlophe. Imbewu yakha ebhokisini bese ihlakazeka ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele.

Cape sundew

ICape sundew (Drosera capensis) ungomunye wabameli abahle kakhulu bomndeni weRosyankov. Itshalwa ekhaya. ICape sundew inesiqu esincane namaqabunga amade. Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba, ngezimo ezinhle zohlobo lwegumbi, singakwazi ukuqhakaza ngezimbali ezimhlophe unyaka wonke. Phezu kwesiqu sakhe esincane, amasentimitha ayi-13 kuphela, uneziqu ezinhle kakhulu.

ICape sundew - enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu

Ukubamba isinambuzane kubambeke ku-cilia obomvu obunamathelayo nomhlophe, iqabakazi elide lisuka ngokushesha.

Sundew ekhokhiswa Round

Lesi sitshalo sivame kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomndeni emhlabeni. I-Dewdrop round-leaved (i-drosera rotundifolia) ikhula cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Imvamisa kungabonakala ema-peatlands. Amaqabunga ayindilinga ane-tentacle villi atholakala cishe ezimpandeni. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJulayi.

Round-leaved sundew - izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomndeni wakwaRosyanokov emhlabeni

Izimbali ezimhlophe ziyavela ngeziqu ezingamasentimitha ayi-19; ngemuva kokuvuthwa ekugcineni kwehlobo, imbewu ngamabhokisi. Okumangazayo, kepha lesi sitshalo esidliwayo sinamagama amaningi othando: "uNkulunkulu" noma "amazolo elanga", "Rosichka", "amehlo kaTsar."

Alicia Rosyanka

INingizimu Afrika iyikhaya leSundew Alicia. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga imbali kufana namapuleti amancane, kuphela ngobuningi be-cilia enamathela. Izimbali ezipinki ku-sundew Alicia zikhula ngendlela ye-cystiform inflorescence. Indlela ethokozisayo yokuzingela isitshalo sezinambuzane.

U-Alicia Rosyanka odabuka e-Afrika

Lapho nje isisulu siwela kwi-cilia, zisuka zisuse inyamazane enkabeni yeqabunga. Njengoba egobeka njengomugqa, uqala ukugaya ukudla. Ngemuva kokudla sekuqediwe, iqabunga liyavela kuthi emva kwesikhashana liphinde limbozwe ngamakha amnandi anamathelayo.

IBinata Rosyanka iyinkimbinkimbi kabili

Indawo yokuhlala kwe-sundew binata (Drosera binata) yindawo ezisogwini naseziqhingini zase-Australia. Udume ngokuba yisitshalo esikhulu kunazo zonke esidla inyama ekhula aze afike ku-60 cm ukuphakama. Isimbali esine-syllable sibizwa ngokuthi amahlumela acishe afane nalokhu okune-cilia, okungaxhunyiwe kuwo amashumi ezinhlobo zohlobo lweLopastny.

Ixhaphozi laseRosyanka

Lapho i-sundew ikhula khona, ungathola igama layo. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo eziningana zabahlali bamaxhaphozi. Ejwayelekile kakhulu ama-sundews angamaNgisi ayindilinga, Bahlala kule nhlabathi eyi-marshy ebhekene nokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium ne-magnesium.

I-Binata sundew eyinkimbinkimbi iyinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke yeRosyankovs

Ukuzingela izinambuzane futhi kuzidle, zakha ukwentuleka kwezinto ezinokumbiwa phansi, zibekezelele ubusika besithwathwa ngokuphelele. Izinso zabo zingagcinwa ezikhwameni ezakhiwe ezine-sphagnum moss isikhathi esingange izinyanga ezinhlanu. Lapho kuqala ukukhanya kwelanga, amahlumela okuqala angena ekukhanyeni.

ISundew Nutrition

Njengabantu abavela ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi komhlaba, izinhlobo eziningi zamasundaku zinezimpande futhi zizale ekudingisweni, okungukuthi, ekhaya. Ukunakekelwa kwalezi zitshalo kudinga okhethekile. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kulesi simo wudaba lokudla okunempilo. I-Droser ayinakudliwa, ngethemba lokuphinda iqalise imikhiqizo edingekayo evela enhlabathini. Kepha-ke izokhula kancane. Ngakho-ke, ngeviki udinga ukunikeza izimpukane ezingama-2 sundew, kepha hhayi likhulu kakhulu.

Ukukhula kusuka embewini ekhaya

Uma ufuna ukukhulisa i-sundew noma i-flytrap ekhaya, kufanele uqale ujwayele lolu hlobo lwesitshalo. Ngemuva kokuthola imininingwane, ungathenga imbewu esitolo esikhethekile, enkulisa noma ubhale nge-Intanethi. Izenzo ezilandelayo zizoba kanjena:

1. embizeni yezimbali engu-10 cm ebeka phezulu i-sphagnum moss noma ingxube ka-70% peat, isihlabathi esingama-30% noma ubumba olwandisiwe, luthambisa kahle;
2. yenza izinto zokuphumula enhlabathini bese ubeka imbewu kuzo (okuya ngokuya kuba ngcono);
3. kungcono ukunisela imbewu epanini;
4. linda izithombo futhi uqaphele ukukhula nsuku zonke.

ISundew Nutrition

Ngemuva kwenyanga, imbewu yeSundew izoqhuma ikhule.

Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya

I-sundew eyenziwe ekhaya ayidingi isikhathi esiningi nokunakwa. Lesi sitshalo esinenqwaba yezithombe, yize sihlala emthunzini ngokuphelele. Elangeni, amaqabunga awo aphuzi ngokugqamile noma abomvu, futhi ahlala eluhlaza emthunzini.

Ukunisela nokuzivocavoca kokudla okunempilo, kususelwa kuhlobo lwmbali. Uma lezi zinhlobo zase-Australia ezakha ama-tubers, lapho-ke zingakwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Izinhlobo eziningi zithanda inhlabathi enomswakama. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuntuleka komswakama ukungabikho kwamaconsi ku-cilia. Kulokhu, udinga ukucwilisa imbiza yezimbali esitsheni esibanzi esinamanzi.

Ukutshala isitshalo se-hygrophyte bese uyinakekela kungumsebenzi othakazelisa kakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa kabili uma lesi sitshalo siphinde futhi sisidla. Ukunakekela i-sundew ekhaya akunzima kakhulu, yize sonke isitshalo sidinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa. Ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngentshisekelo, uthando nangomphefumulo.