I-Begonia (yase-Latin Begonia) luhlobo lwezitshalo ngokwesiko ezisetshenziselwa ingadi yomhlobiso. Kunamakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ze-begonias, ezihlukaniswe ngokuhlobisa ngamaqabunga nezimbali. I-Begonias ifanelwe kahle phakathi kwabalimi ngenxa yobuhle bayo bangaphandle kanye nokunakekelwa okulula kokunakekelwa. Ngezansi kwendatshana sizokhuluma ngokwenziwa kabusha kwale mbali.
Incazelo yezimbali
Amaqembu amane ama-begonias ahlukile:
- iqabunga lokuhlobisa - ngaphandle kwesiqu esingaphezulu komhlaba, elinamaqabunga amade nezimpande ezihlotshisiwe;
- isihlahla - esinamagatsha anamanzi, nesiqu esiminyene namahlumela amaningi aseceleni;
- ukuqhakaza - kuboniswa ngamagqabha amahle, aqhakazile nenkathi ende yezimbali. Babhekwa njengento elula kakhulu yokukhulisa nokunakekela;
- i-tuberous - ibe neziqu eziphakeme (kuze kube yi-70-80 cm) nesiqu esikhulu sehubhu. Ukutshala nokunakekela i-tuber seed begonia nakho kulula kakhulu.
Ukuzalaniswa kweBegonia
Ungayisakaza kanjani i-begonia
Imbali ingatshalwa ngezindlela eziningi:
- ukuhlukaniswa kwe-rhizome - kusetshenziselwa i-begonias enobuthi;
- ukusika kwesiqu (ukusika) - indlela elula;
- izingcezu zamaqabunga - zivame ukusetshenziselwa izitshalo ezingenaso isiqu;
- imbewu - ilungele zonke izinhlobo ngaphandle kokuqhakaza. Le ndlela ihlukaniswa isikhathi nobulukhuni benqubo.
Lo mbhalo uzohlanganisa zonke lezi zindlela zokuzalela.
Ukusakazeka ngale ndlela kufanele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-begonias. Okokuqala, udinga ukukhipha isihlahla ngaphandle ebhodweni, usike iziqu ezinde, amaqabunga kanye nezinyawo. Okulandelayo, udinga ukugeza izimpande emanzini.
Ngemuva kokulungiselela okunjalo, usebenzisa ummese obukhali, usike ama-lobes esiyezi ukuze ngamunye wabo abe nezinso okungenani okungenani. Ngemuva kwalokho afafazwa ngamalahle aqoshiwe futhi aphathwe nge-stimulant yezimpande, i-heteroauxin noma i-rootin kufanelekile. Manje zingatshalwa emabhodweni, ziniselwe futhi zikhule.
Ukusakazeka kwe-begonias ngokusikeka ekhaya kungenzeka impela futhi kufanelekile kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto ezinesiqu. Endabeni yezitshalo zasendlini, kungcono ukuqala ukutshala ngoMashi, lapho ukhule endaweni evulekile, ungasika ngo-June. Amazinga okushisa kufanele angabandi kakhulu kuno-20-25 ° C.
Izimbumbulu
Okokuqala udinga ukusika isiqu ngamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu nokuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-10. Amaqabunga aphansi anganqunywa ngokuphelele, asikwe amakhulu ngesigamu. Lapho-ke lezi zingxenye kumele zome. Ngemuva kokuthi indawo yomile ngokuphelele, ungaqala izimpande.
Manje usungalungiselela imbiza yokukhula kwe-begonias. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa isihlabathi nenhlabathi yama-begonias ngamanani afanayo. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nomswakama ophezulu nomoya ukuvuleka, i-peat ikulungele kahle lokhu. Kuyadingeka nokunisela inhlabathi ngamanzi bese ulinda kuze kugcwale umswakama.
Imvamisa abalimi banombuzo: ungaziphatha kanjani begonia - emhlabathini noma emanzini. Akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zindlela, ungasebenzisa noma iziphi.
Ngemininingwane! Ukuze izimpande zingene emhlabathini, isiqu kufanele sigxishwe emanzini, bese siminza emhlabathini ukuze amaqabunga awo ajule emhlabathini. Ungasebenzisa isishukumisi sempande, kepha ngokuzijwayeza kuvame ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo.
Ukuze ubambe amanzi amaningi, kuyadingeka ukuthulula amanzi ahlanzekile esitsheni esisobala nokusika kuwo izitshalo. Izinga lamanzi kufanele libekwe ukuze amaqabunga angacwiliswa kulo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalayishi kakhulu ithangi ngenani elikhulu lokusika. Ngokulandelayo, lesi siqukathi kufanele sibekwe endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo futhi uqaphele ukukhula. Lapho izimpande zifinyelela kubude obuyi-1-2 cm, zingadluliselwa emhlabathini.
Kungcono ukumboza izitshalo ezitholile. Ibhodlela lepulasitiki elisikwe ngokufanelekile kufanele lokhu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-2, ungaqala ukujwayela lesi sitshalo umoya omusha, ususe lesi sigaxa sebhodlela isikhashana, bese - unaphakade. Izimbali zingajatshulelwa ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezine.
Le ndlela ilungele ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezinesiqu esikhanyayo noma amaqabunga anamaqabunga. Ngokusetshenziswa kwayo, imvamisa iqabunga elilodwa lanele.
Ukusakazwa kweLeaf
Okokuqala udinga ukusika iqabunga elikhulu nelinempilo ngommese obukhali. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele kusikwe ukuze ku-lobule ngayinye i-vele eyodwa noma amabili idlule. Manje usungabeka lezi zingqimba esihlabathini esimanzi (ungabheka ngokuthelekela phansi enhlabathini) bese umboza ngesikhwama sepulasitiki.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukugcina umswakama ophezulu kule ndawo. Kulokhu, izicubu zokufafaza zihle kakhulu.
Nakani! Inqubo kumele ijwayele kancane kancane ukuthwalwa kwegumbi, ikhiphe ikhava isikhashana, okokuqala ngamaminithi ayi-5, khona-ke isikhathi singandiswa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe izinyanga ezintathu.
Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokutshala izitshalo ezikhulile endaweni ehlala njalo, ungazifaki enhlabathini egcwele kakhulu. Futhi, kufanele igcwale kahle ngamanzi.
Indlela yokukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni yindlela eyedlula yonke yokuthola izithombo eziqinile ze-begonia. Ilungele noma yiziphi i-begonias eziqhakaza izimbali, kepha ihamba kancane kwezinye izindlela.
Imbewu nenhlabathi zingathengwa ezitolo eziningi zezimbali. Inqubo yokukhula kwe-begonias ingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwayo. Imvamisa iqukethe ukuxuba inhlabathi nesihlabathi, ukuyithambisa bese isabalalisa imbewu ekuyo. Isitsha kufanele sibekwe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo futhi enomoya omnandi, okuyi-sill ewindows efanelekile.
Ukutshala imbewu
Kubalulekile! Esikhathini sokuqala, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isikhwama sepulasitiki ukumboza izithombo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lapho izithombo zibonakala, iphakethe lingasuswa imizuzu eminingana ngosuku, kancane kancane landise isikhathi.
Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ukukhulisa i-begonias ngale ndlela.
Naphezu kokungathembeki okuhlobene nokukhishwa kwama-begonias, ukutshala kwabo nokutshala kudinga ukunemba nobuzima obuthile. Njengoba lezi zitshalo zingokwesiko lasezindaweni ezishisayo, zidinga ukudala izimo eziseduze nendawo yazo yemvelo.
Yize imbali ye-begonia ikwazi ukuzala ngezindlela ezihlukile, izimiso eziyisisekelo zokunakekelwa zihlala zifana. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi uyisakaza kanjani i-begonia futhi uyisebenzise, ukunakekelwa ngokuyisisekelo kufaka ukumunyiswa njalo nokusebenzisa umanyolo ohlukahlukene.
Ngemininingwane! Naphezu kwemvelaphi eshisayo, ama-begonias awakubekezeleli ukushisa okwedlulele futhi. Izinga lomswakama elikhulu nalo libaluleke kakhulu - cishe ama-60%. Ukuze uyilondoloze, ungasebenzisa izihlungi ze-elekthronikhi noma iziqukathi ezilula zamanzi, ume eduze kwesitshalo.
Ekhaya, ibhodwe le-begonia kufanele libekwe endaweni ewindini elibheke entshonalanga noma empumalanga. Ukukhanya kwemvelo kubalulekile kulesi sitshalo, kepha ukubonisa ilanga ngokweqile kungadala ukushiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukufiphaza ukukhanya okukhanyayo ikakhulukazi kufanele kubhekwe. Kulokhu, ama-roller blinds, isikrini selanga noma ifilimu yezimbali kufanelekile.
Ukunisela kufanele kube okusebenzayo kakhulu ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ebusika nasekwindla, isidingo samanzi siyancipha. Amanzi kufanele asetshenziswe ehlanjululwe, ekushiseni kwegumbi, kufanele kuthululwe ngokucophelela, kugwema ukugcwala.
I-Begonia idinga ukulungiselela inhlabathi ngokucophelela. Ukwakheka okungafanele nokuchelela okungafundile kunomthelela olimazayo esitshalweni. Imvamisa, izinkinga ezinjalo ziphakama lapho kudluliswa izitshalo, lapho abalimi bekhohlwa imininingwane yezitshalo ezithile bese beqhuba inqubo engafundile.
Intwasahlobo yokuqala yisikhathi esihle sokufakelwa, lapho isitshalo sibekezelela i-acclimatization kangcono futhi siphinde sibuye ngokushesha. Lapho kukhula i-begonias, ivame ukufakelwa lapho izimpande zingasangeni ebhodweni. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele udlulele enhlabathini eyomile noma ngokushesha nje ukuchelela, kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngemuva kokuswakama okukhulu.
Inhlabathi
I-Begonia idinga inhlabathi ekhanyayo, enempilo futhi enamanzi nomoya. Abanye abalimi bathanda ukuyipheka ngokwabo, ngoba lesi sihlabathi somfula esinamagremu amakhulu, i-peat neqabunga ama-humus kuxutshwe isilinganiso 1: 2: 2. Kepha uma singekho isifiso noma amandla okulungisa inhlabathi ngokwakho, ungasebenzisa inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo efanelekile ngabazungezayo:
- "Hlonipha Begonia";
- "IBegonia Engadini Yezimanga";
- "I-Chamfer yeBegonias";
- "I-Vermion ye-begonia."
Noma yimuphi umhlabathi, noma owenziwe wedwa noma uthengiwe, udinga ukungcoliswa. Embizeni noma esitsheni, lokhu kungenziwa ngokushisa.
Indlela ebiza kunazo zonke yokubulala amagciwane ukuqeda inhlabathi. Ukwenza lokhu, kufanele kufakwe emasakeni endwangu, kufakwe emakhazeni noma efrijini bese ulinda cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho lezi zikhwama kufanele zibuyiselwe ekushiseni isikhathi esingangesonto bese ziphinda lo mjikelezo wokuqothula.
Kubalulekile! Le ndlela akufanele isetshenziselwe inhlabathi equkethe i-biohumus.
Enye indlela elula yokubulala amagciwane ukwelashwa okushisa. Kufanele ugcwalise inhlabathi esitsheni bese ugcwalisa ngengxenye encane yamanzi abilayo. Okulandelayo, udinga ngobumnene, kumagilavu aqine, hlanganisa inhlabathi ukuze uyinamise ngokulinganayo. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ibekwe ephepheni lokubhaka enesendlalelo esincanyana sika-3-4 cm, ilayishwe kuhhavini bese ivuliwe. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinga lokushisa elingu-70-90 °, eliphakeme lizolimaza inhlabathi. Kalonga inhlabathi kumele ibe cishe isigamu sehora.
I-Begonias ngokwesiko ithathwa njengezitshalo zasendlini, ezinye izinhlobo zayo zikhule endaweni evulekile. Kulesi simo, ukubulala amagciwane kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi cishe njalo kudinga amathuluzi akhethekile.
Ngokufakelwa, kuyadingeka ukususa ngokucophelela i-begonia kanye nomhlabathi futhi ukhulule izimpande zayo ngokucophelela. Ingxenye yesitshalo kufanele igcinwe cishe isigamu sehora kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-manganese sokubulala amagciwane. Uma kunezingxenye ezibolile zezimpande, kufanele zisikwe ngommese obukhali zifafazwe ngamalahle.
Ukufakelwa
Ngemuva kwalokho ungabeka i-begonia endaweni entsha, ufafaze inhlabathi ngokuqinile futhi uthele amanzi amaningi. Esontweni elizayo ngemuva kokunisela kokuqala, kufanele ubheke ngokucophelela isimo somhlabathi bese usebenzisa ukufafaza esikhundleni sokuchelela njalo.
Lo mbhalo uhlole ukuthi i-begonia iphindaphindeka kanjani nokuthi ingaqashwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokukhula. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-begonia ibhekwa njengento elula, ukusuka endaweni yokubuka yomlimi, uhlobo lwesitshalo, ukutshala kwayo kudinga ukunemba, ukukhetha okuyikho kwendlela yokuzala nokulandela imigomo yayo.
