Kunzima ukuthola umuntu ongeke azi ukuthi kukhona izithelo ezifana nama-apula.
Izithelo ezibomvu, eziluhlaza neziluhlaza zinamavithamini nama-micele, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, zingagcina izifo eziningi.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokusabalalisa nokulula kokulima, akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukuqoqa isivuno esivulekile sezithelo ezimnandi, futhi lokhu akubangelwa ukungabi namaqanda emithini noma izinhlekelele zezulu, kodwa izifo ezihlukahlukene nezinambuzane.
Sizisola kakhulu, izihlahla ze-apula, njengezihlahla eziningi zezithelo, zibhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezingasheshe zibhubhise sonke isitshalo futhi zinganaki yonke imizamo yomlimi wensimu. Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi esifanele sokutheleleka kuyisihluthulelo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwezifo. Kodwa ukuze kutholakale kahle ukuxilongwa nokuhlinzeka ukwelashwa, isitha kufanele saziwe ngomuntu siqu.
Kungani ushiya i-curl e-apula: i-aphid ebomvu-hilly
Uma uqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga aphikisana nomuthi we-apula, futhi angazi ukuthi wenzeni, khona-ke kufanele uqale uqale imbangela yalesi simo esingathandeki. Izitshalo ezincane zama-apula zivame ukuhlaselwa yizilokazane, okuyinto evame kakhulu ukuthi ibhekwa njenge-aphid ebomvu. 
Insect ingatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. I-aphid ye-Krasnogallovaya ibhekwa njengesiyingozi esiyingozi kunazo zonke yezihlahla ze-apula. Ukuhlala ezihlahleni, akusizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa isivuno sabo, kepha kungaba imbangela enkulu yokufa kwesitshalo sonke.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezibhekene nezinyosi ezibomvu ze-aphid ziyi: Antonovka, iCinnamon Striped, i-Chinese Bellefleur ne-Rennet Golden Kursk.
Uma igciwane le-aphid yemithi ngayinye ezindaweni ezizimele, ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane akusiyo njalo kululeka, ngoba amathuba okubhujiswa kwama-entomophages aphezulu. Kule ndaba, emasimini angasese kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izicupho noma amabhande e-glue ukulwa nezinambuzane.
Ngakho-ke, uma uqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga e-apula aphikisiwe, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela izihlahla zokutheleleka.
Uyazi? Ama-aphid akhiqiza nge-parthenogenesis futhi azalwa ngokuzalwa. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-aphid, abesifazane abasha abonakale bekhulelwe kakade. Kulandela lokhu ukuthi iqanda ngaphakathi komama liqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kuzalwe owesifazane, ngakho-ke, ezinsukwini eziyishumi noma ezinhlanu emva kokuzalwa, uveza abantu abasha.
I-aphid elibomvu-i-aphid ibeka amaqanda emifantwini noma ngaphansi kwezilinganiso ezibukhali ezihlahleni esihlahleni somuthi. Ngemuva kokubanda ubusika ngesikhathi se-phenophase, i-cone eluhlaza, izimpungushe eziqothukile ziqala ukuphakama emasimini.Ukuze uvikele umuthi futhi ubhubhise inambuzane, kutuswa ukuba ufake amabhande e-glue ekuphakameni kwe-1 noma 1.5 emamitha ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - umdwebo wephepha onamathele ezinhlangothini zombili. Ngezinye izikhathi abalimi basebenzisa amateyipu okunamathela ukuze bambambe izimpukane, okunikeza imiphumela emihle futhi yenza kube lula ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele imfuyo yama-aphid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amateyipu okunamathisela abhekwa njengethuluzi elihle kakhulu le-earwigs, ama-cap, amaqabunga ama-leafworms, ne-beetle ye-apula.
Amabhande anconywa ukuba ashintshwe njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu noma ezine. Futhi uma ucabanga ukuthi ukulahlwa kwezibungu kuvela ezinsukwini eziyishumi kuya kwezingu-12, khona-ke kuzodingeka bashintshe kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye. Ukuze uzuze imiphumela esiphezulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhande anamathele, kufanele afanele ukuhambisana ne-boom, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuwafaka kubalulekile ukuhlanza kahle amagxolo avela ezindaweni ezifile, okuzosiza ukugwema ukuhamba kwezimpungushe ngaphansi kwazo.
Abanini bezandla balondoloza amabhande emaphephandabeni amadala noma utshani bese bebabeka ekupheleni kukaJulayi nge-shtamba endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha. Abesifazane ngokuzithandela babeka amaqanda abo kuzo, okwenza kube lula ukubhubhisa amaqanda-abekwe ezindaweni ezinqunyelwe. 
Uyazi? Izintuthwane ziyisivikelo esikhulu sama-aphid. Zinezinkomo ezigcwele izinambuzane ezinambuzane, njengezintuthwane ezihlakaniphile zithanda "ubisi" olukhishwa yi-aphid. Ukuze uthole uhla lwe-ingxube elihlwabusayo, i-ant ant massages isisu se-aphid nama-antenna. Ukuvikela izintuthwane ze-aphid ukwakha izindawo zokuhlala ezikhethekile lapho zifihla khona isimo sezulu noma ukuhlasela kwezinye izinambuzane.Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okukhulu, umuthi kufanele uphathwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aphethwe yi-insecticidal ngokuphelele. Ngale njongo, abalimi ngokuvamile basebenzisa i- "Nitrafen", "Kemifos" noma "Malathion".
Izindlela ezithandwayo zitholakala ngokusitshala imithi ngamanzi asozini noma ukuwacubungula nge-infusion yamasayipi amhlophe omhlophe.
I-Aphid evamile ku-Apple
Ukuhlaselwa kwama-aphid emthini owodwa, uma isikhathi singathathi izinyathelo zokubhubhisa inkathazo, singagcina isivinini sonke isifo.
I-parasitic emithini yezithelo i-aphid iyinambuzane encane. Amaphiko endonga yezinsikazi ayimnyama, abesilisa abomvu okukhanyayo, futhi izibungu ezinambuzane ziluhlaza futhi zinama-antenna namaso abomvu. 
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amaqanda alala amaqanda amaningi ebusweni bezitshalo. Lapho kuqala ukushisa, izibungu zizalwa futhi ngokuhaha ngokuncelisa emthini wonke ama-juice ayo abalulekile nezinto eziwusizo. Ukuguqulwa kwezibungu kumuntu omdala kuthatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwengu-14: izibungu ezinambuzane ziba zikhulu futhi zikwazi ukukhiqiza ngokwazo. Omunye umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa ubeka amaqanda angu-80 kuya kwangu-100.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi sonke isizukulwane sesibili sinikeza izinambuzane ezinamaphiko ezingathinta ezinye izihlahla. Uma uqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga omuthi we-apula aqala ukugoqa, bese uwahlola ngokucophelela ukutheleleka ngama-aphid.
Uma uhambisa ipheshana elinjalo, ngaphakathi kwakho ngokuqinisekile uzobona i-aphid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ezithintekile ziba yinto enamathele ekuthinteni, njengoba zihlanganiswa nokufihla ama-aphid. Ukuntuleka kwezakhi okuholela ekuguquleni nasekukhuliseni amaqabunga, futhi kamuva - ekumeni kwabo.
Ama-aphid awahambisani namaqabunga amancane namahlumela ezihlahla, ngakho-ke, okokuqala, amacebiso amagatsha kufanele ahlolwe. Uma ubona imikhakha yama-aphid, kufanele ngokushesha uthathe izinyathelo zokuyichitha.
Ama-insecticide okulwa nama-aphid asetshenziswa njengendlela yokugcina, ngoba wonke amakhemikhali angaphephile kubantu kanye nabo bonke abanye abahlali bendawo. Ngakho-ke ukulwa nokubulala izinambuzane kufanele kuqalwe ngokuphalaza izihlahla ngenhlanganisela yesepha ne-diesel. Ingxube ayikuvumeli nje ukukhipha imithi yesikhumba esinezintambo, kodwa futhi ibhubhisa amaqanda ezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane sebenzisa i-pepper tincture enomunyu ngamanzi asozini. 
Ukushisa ugwayi nakho kunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, eduze kwesihlahla wenze umlilo, owenziwe emaqabunga kagwayi. Uma kushisa, linikeza uthuli olukhulu, olukhuphuka, lufakwe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomuthi nezidumbu, okwenza kube khona ukubhujiswa okukhulu.
Ukuqeda inkathazo ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okukhulu kwezihlahla, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise isisombululo se-Trichlormetaphos elungiselelwe amalitha angu-10 wamanzi nge-20 amagremu womkhiqizo. Uma usebenzisa le mithi kufanele uhambisane nemithetho yonke yokuphepha, njengoba imfucuza yayo inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingabangela ukulimala okukhulu empilweni yabantu.
Amaqabunga Amanzi Apholile
Uma ukhathazekile ngombuzo othi kungani amaqabunga egoqa nxazonke zomuthi we-apula, uhlole ngokucophelela lesi sitshalo, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi unesifo sengculazi. Cishe zonke izifo ze-apula zibonakaliswa yizinguquko emaqabunga, futhi isikhutha se-powdery kulesi simo asifani nomthetho jikelele.
Uyazi? Isifungi se-Mossy siphunga emithini sithanda ukuhlala emaqabunga amancane namagatsha esitshalo, ngoba aqukethe izakhi eziningi. Ukuze ulondoloze izindawo ezinqotshwe, amakhowe akhipha izinto ezikhethekile ezinciphisa inqubo yokuguga ezitshalweni. Ngamaqabunga, izinto ezinjalo ziphephile ngokuphelele, njengoba zinomjikelezo omfushane wokuphila. Kuyingozi kakhulu uma le fungus ikhulula lezi zinto zibe amahlumela, ngoba kule ndawo akukhona ukukhula okuphela kuphela, kodwa ukukhishwa kwe-lignification, kanye nokwakhiwa koqweqwe lwamagxolo.
I-powdery isikhutha ibangelwa isikhutha se-powdery. Ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ngokuvamile kuvela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Okokuqala, amaqabunga, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amancane athintekile. Ukubonakala kokutheleleka kubangela ukushisa okuphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala emaqabunga e-powdery off-white noma grey. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqhakaza kuthola umbala obomvu, futhi izibhamu eziningi ezimnyama zivela phezulu.
Esikhathini sokuqala sesi sifo, i-plaque isuswa kalula, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba yinde kakhulu futhi iqala ukuhlukanisa kabi emhlabathini wesitshalo. Amaqabunga abathintekile namahlumela aqala ukugoqa, aphenduke futhi aphume. Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla ezithelelekile kuncishiswe ngama-50%.
Uma isikhumba se-powdery sibonakala esihlahleni se-apula, kuphuthumayo ukuqala ukwelashwa kwayo. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezihlahla, kufanele baphathwe nge-fungicidal drug "Topaz". Ukuze kuvikelwe ukusakazwa kokutheleleka, entwasahlobo nasekwindla emthini kufanele kuzame ukususa wonke amaqabunga ahlahliwe namahlumela. Izinto eziqoqwe kufanele zishiswe. 
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo, kunconywa ukuphatha izihlahla ezithintekile emva kokuvuna ngesisombululo sophusi sulfate noma isisombululo se-1% seBeorgeaux.
Ukwelashwa kwe-apula esesifo kusebenza kuphela esigabeni sokuqala. Uma isitshalo sonke sibandakanyeka enkambweni yokugula, kungcono ukuyibhubhisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba iyoba ngumthombo wokutheleleka endaweni yakini.
Ukusuka amahlumela nezimbali kuya ezitsheni namaqabunga: indlela yokwelapha i-apula isikhumba
Isikhumba yisifo sofuba esibangelwa ikakhulukazi ama-apula namapheya. Lesi sifo sisakazwa yizinhlamvu, futhi sithathwa ngamaconsi amanzi emvula. I-fungus ithanda umswakama kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi, ngakho-ke inhlanzi ende futhi imvula yizimo ezihle zokusabalala kwayo. 
Uphawu oluyinhloko lwesifo - ukubonakala komnqumo omuncu emaqabunga. Kamuva, izithelo zalesi sitshalo nazo zihileleke enkambweni yokugulisa umzimba, okubangelwa ukuthi amabala amnyama agwetshiwe avele kubo. Ukubonakala kwemifantu esithelweni kubangelwa ukutheleleka kwesibili, okuba yiyona imbangela enkulu yokubola kwabo.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-fungus ihlasela ama-leaf stalks, ngokutheleleka okukhulu, umuthi uqala ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga ngamandla. Kodwa ukutheleleka akuphuli izinqubo ze-photosynthesis, ngakho-ke umuthi othintekayo uyaqhubeka ukhula ngamandla. Khona-ke umbuzo uvela ngokwemvelo: kanjani ukwelapha isikhala esihlahleni se-apula?
Kubalulekile! Ekukhiqizeni kwezitshalo zangasese, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezifungicide ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwethusi, ngoba, nakuba bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa, basuke benobuthi obukhulu kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, isikhumba siyisifo esilula ukuvimbela kunokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko kunoma yikuphi ukulimaza ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela.
Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka kwezihlahla ze-apula, kufanele ususe ngokushesha amaqabunga awile, amagatsha omisiwe kanye nezithelo ezilimazayo. Ngentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba izimbali zihlolwe, izihlahla kufanele zilashwe nge-Fitosporin-M ukulungiselela ukugujwa kwegazi noma i-Bordeaux liquid, kanti i-Fitolavin fungicide nayo ingasetshenziswa. Ukuphalaza kwezihlahla ze-apula kwenziwa ngaphambi kokubili kokuqala nangemva kokuqala kwezimbali.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa ama-insecticide namafungicides, qaphela kakhulu futhi ungayinaki ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela, njengoba ezinye zazo zingaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yomlimi.Kodwa-ke, umbuzo usalokhu okufanele ukwenze uma izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlulekile, futhi izimpawu zesifo sezivele zivele esithelweni. Ungasusa kanjani isikhala esihlahleni se-apula? Ezimweni lapho ukwelashwa kwesikhumba kusuka ku-fungi kubonakala kungasebenzi, ungazama ukuqeda lesi sifo ngosizo lwamaminerali omquba.
Le ndlela inhle ngoba iyindlela yokuphilisa lesi sifo nokutshala ukudla. Ukulwa nokutheleleka, sebenzisa izixazululo ezilandelayo: 15% i-potassium usawoti, i-15% ye-nitrate ye-potassium, i-10% ye-ammonium nitrate, i-10% yama-ammonium sulfate. Zingasetshenziselwa izinhloso ze-prophylactic, kodwa ezingxenyeni eziphansi kakhulu.
Ukuntuleka kokugqoka
Iqiniso lokuthi i-apula libhekene nokuntuleka kwezakhi, kuzokutshela ukubonakala komuthi.
Uma lesi sitshalo singenaso i-nitrogen, amaqabunga ayo abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siqala ukuphuzi bese siwa. Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen - isizathu esiyinhloko sokunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla ze-apula. Izithelo zemithi ezincane, ezincane, zifakwe kuwo, ekugcineni ziwa ekuvuthweni.
Ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, isiqu samaqabunga amancane sisuka emahlumela ngendlela efanele. Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen - esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokubeka inani elincane lezithelo ezifihlekile.
Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kuzokusiza ukukhokhela ngokushesha isitshalo sokudla kanye ne-ammonium nitrate noma i-slurry. Ukuze uzuze umphumela osheshayo, izitshalo zifakwe ngesixazululo se-urea 0.5%. 
Uma i-phosphorus ingenalutho, amaqabunga e-apula ayancipha, angase avele njengethusi, kanye ne-hue ebomvu noma ephuzi. Amaqabunga owomile abe mnyama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuthwa nokuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokujwayelekile, futhi amaqabunga awela, ngokuphambene nalokho, kusheshe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomthamo wokukhula kwamahlumela futhi kunciphisa ubunzima bomuthi. Indlala ye-Phosphorus ivame ukubonwa enhlabathini enomsoco enezinto eziphansi eziphilayo.
Ngokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, umuthi we-apula kufanele udliwe nge-superphosphate. Uma isayithi lilawulwa yhlabathi enomsoco, ke ukufaka umanyolo kwenziwa nge-phosphate. Imiphumela emihle nayo inikezwa ngokusungulwa kokudla okunomsoco emhlabathini. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, izihlahla zondliwa ngesisombululo se-potassium monophosphate.
Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium kubonakala ngokugcoba amaqabunga. Bathola umbala obomvu we-blue-blue, futhi emaphethelweni abo aphelile, futhi kubonakala sengathi umqubu omile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa okungalingani kwekhasi leqabunga, nokuqhuma okuqhubekayo. Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium ngokuphawulekayo kuvela emhlabathini owumile noma ngokusungulwa ngokweqile kwama-manganese ne-calcium.
Kulokhu, umuthi ulahlekelwa ubusika bawo obusika futhi ungafa ngisho nokunciphisa kancane kwezinga lokushisa. Izithelo ze-apula zibe zincane. Ukwethulwa kwe-potassium chloride, umlotha noma i-slurry kuzosiza ukuxazulula le nkinga. 
Uma amaqabunga amancane e-apula aphenduka amhlophe futhi aphephe phezulu, iphuzu lawo elikhulayo liyafa, futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, kukhona ukuwa kweqabunga elikhulu lamaqabunga, khona-ke lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekisayo sokuthi isitshalo sinokuntuleka kwe-calcium. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-calcium, kunciphisa okuphawulekayo ekukhuleni kwesitshalo sonke.
Njengoba kunesifo se-calcium, kunconywa ukunciphisa inhlabathi nokondla i-apple-tree ne-calcium sulfate.
Ukuphuza nokumisa amaqabunga ngokuntuleka komswakama
Izicubu zezitshalo zingaphezu kwamanzi angu-70%. Ukwakheka okuvamile kwamaqabunga, izithelo, amahlumela kanye nezimpande zesitshalo kudla inani elikhulu lomswakama. Iningi lalo lingena ekukhuphukeni ngamathambo angaphandle e-apula kanye namahlamvu awo. Umswakama wezitshalo ngumthombo oyinhloko wokuphila nokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile. Uma umuthi ulahlekelwa umswakama ngokweqile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amaqabunga awo aqala ukugoqa, aphume bese ewa.
Lesi sitshalo sithola umswakama ovela enhlabathini, ngoba zonke izinto eziwusizo ezidingekayo empilweni evamile ye-apula zihlakazeka kuwo. Ukuze umuthi we-apula ukhule futhi uthuthuke ngendlela evamile, okuqukethwe komswakama womhlabathi okutshalwa kuyo kufanele okungenani ube ngu-65%, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwama-80%. Ukuntuleka komswakama kuholela ekugugeni okungakafiki kwesihlahla, ukungabi khona noma ukwehla kwe-ovary. Lokhu kuba imbangela eyinhloko ye-hardiness ye-fruiting engavamile nokunciphisa. 
Uma uqaphela ukuthi umuthi we-apula uhlushwa ukungabi nomswakama, ngokushesha ulungise ukuchelela, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Khumbula: izitshalo ezincane ziphuziswa kanye ngesonto, futhi izihlahla ezivuthiwe njengoba kudingeka. Uma ubona ukuthi inhlabathi eseduze ne-apula isomile kakhulu, ke ungabi nobuvila futhi sizazise isitshalo ngamabhakede amaningi amanzi ahlanzekile.
Isihlahla sama-apula ngumuthi wesihlahla esiwubonga kakhulu, ohlala njalo uphendula ngesivuno esivulekile sokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa.
