Amashalofu esitolo samakhamera alula nje awela ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezithelo nemifino ehlukene, iningi lethu asikwazi ngisho nokulikhomba.
Ukucabangela ukuthi ukuchitha imali kulezi "izimangaliso ezingaphandle kwamanye amazwe" kufana nokuliphonsa emoyeni, ngezinye izikhathi asicabangi ngisho nangokwengeziwe kwezakhi ezizifihle zona.
Thatha okungenani ama-artichokes - ama-bumps angamahloni, okwamanje, ane-ukunambitheka okungajwayelekile, futhi enempilo kakhulu.
Ngetulu kwaloko, bekungacabangela kutsi bakhule emakhaya abo, batfole tintfo letinhle kakhulu.
Uke wanquma ukukhulisa ama-artichokes? Yazi kahle lesi sitshalo futhi wenze ukulungiselela kwangaphambili
Ngokuvamile, ama-artichokes angachazwa njengesitshalo esikhulu kakhulu, esingafinyelela ngisho namamitha amabili ukuphakama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, it iyinhlangano engapheliyo, okungukuthi, emva kokutshala isikhathi esisodwa, isikhathi eside kakhulu siyokujabulela ngezitshalo zawo.
Isihlahla salesi sitshalo ngokwawo sihluke ngokuthi i-roastte yayo eyisisekelo iqukethe amaqabunga anamandla kakhulu futhi anamaqabunga.
Ukuze uhlakulele ezimweni zesimo sezulu saseRussia nase-Ukraine, lesi sitshalo sishintsha kahle kakhulu, sishintsha ubusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngaphansi kwebhola lemiquba ephilayo, engasetshenziswa njenge-hay, amaqabunga, i-sawdust.
Esikhathini esenyakatho saseRussia, ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi obalulekile wehlathi, kufanele kuhlonywe ebusika futhi kugcinwe endaweni emnyama kakhulu ngomoya opholile kuze kube sekusahlobo.
Okunye ubunzima ekukhuleni ama-artichokes emazweni ethu ukuthi namuhla ayikho imbewu yalesi sitshalo esinikezwe zona.
Yiqiniso, ukuthi abathanda kakhulu abadutshulwe banemikhakha evelele endala ethandwa kakhulu, kufaka phakathi "u-May", "i-Green Ball", "i-Violet yamaRoma". Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usuqokile kakade ukuqala ukutshala le mifino, kufanele wazi ukuthi ayizalanga kuphela imbewu.
Imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokukhula inikezwa ukuzaliswa kwayo ngamagatsha asezimpande, kodwa lokhu kuyadingeka ukuba nabangane abanomugqa we-artichokes okhulayo engadini iminyaka eminingana. Ukuthenga izicuttings zalesi sitshalo kunoma yiziphi izikhungo ezikhethekile ezingenakwenzeka, ngoba azikho nje.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-artichoke: ingabe badinga ukuguqulwa komzimba?
I-Vernalization yembewu ifaka inqubo uma imbewu ivuleka emazingeni aphansi okushisa isikhathi esithile. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngokucubungula okunjalo imbewu ye-artichokes ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile, kungenzeka ukuba ukwandise isivuno, futhi ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokudla okutshalwe kulezi zithelo ezimnandi. Kodwa, abalimi abaningi bathi okuphambene nakho kungabangela ukufa kwezitshalo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi okuyi-70% yesitshalo empeleni liqhakaza kakade ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, futhi kungenzeka ngempela ukususa isivuno esincane kuso, kodwa ukuzwakala okungajwayelekile kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu emthini.
Ngokuyinhloko, akugcini nje ukubuthakathaka, kodwa futhi isebenzisa amandla adingekayo ukuze aziqinisele ezimbali nasezithelo, ngenxa yalokho akakwazi ukukhuthazelela ngisho nobusika obulodwa. Ngokuyinhloko, le ndlela izoba kuhle uma i-artichoke itshalwe kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanti lesi sihlahla akulindelekile ukuba sikhule iminyaka eminingi.
Essence kanye izigaba ze-jarovization zimi kanje:
- Qala ukuguqulwa kwamagama kufanele kube yingxenye yokuqala kaFebhuwari.
- Imbewu ithululelwa ngokufanayo ebhokisini lezithombo phezu kwesihlabathi esimanzi.
- Kulo mhlaba, imbewu yilezi zinsuku ezingu-6-10 ekushiseni kwemoya kusuka ku-22 kuya ku-25 ºС, baze baqale ukuhluma.
- Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sembewu yokuhluma, isihlabathi esingaphansi kwawo kufanele sigcinwe simanzi ngokusihlanza ngamanzi.
- Ukumiswa okusheshayo kungukuthi ibhokisi elinembewu ethi "ilingisiwe" idinga ukuthunyelwa eshalofini elingezansi leqandisini izinsuku ezingu-15 futhi ligcinwe ekushiseni kwe-0 ° C. Ubufakazi bokuthi imbewu ilungele ukutshala kuzoba amathiphu amnyama wezimpande zawo.
Uma usenqume ukushiya ukuqothula, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kuzodingeka kuhlume. Ukwenza lokhu, zigcinwa isikhathi esithile emadada, bese ziboshwe ngendwangu emanzi futhi zihlala zifudumele. Ngokulima okunjalo, izithombo kufanele zivele ezinsukwini ezingu-5-6.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda nge-asparagus ekhulayo.
Sisebenzela ukulungisa imibhede yama-artichokes: hlobo luni lomhlabathi kanye namuphi umquba owudinga isitshalo?
Ngaphandle, i-artichokes inokunye okufana nokhula, ikakhulukazi ne-thistle. Kodwa nokho, uyisitshalo esitshalwe, ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa nokuthela izithelo noma kuphi, ngeke.
Ngokuyinhloko, emhlabathini ocebile nasezindaweni ezithuthukile, lesi sitshalo singase singaluqhakaze, ngenxa yokuthi ngeke kudingekile ukuba sikhulume ngokuvuna. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukutshala ama-artichokes kufanele ukhethe indawo ekhululekile kakhulu futhi ekhanyisiwe ngezinga eliphezulu lokuzala inhlabathi.
Futhi, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zenhlabathi ezinjengobuhle, ukukhanya kanye nekhono elihle lokudlula umswakama.
Ukulungiswa ngokushesha kwenhlabathi kuyoba ukumba umgodi futhi ukungenisa kuye inani elikhulu lomanyolo uhlobo oluhlukile.
Ukujula komgodi kungamamitha angu-60, kanti ububanzi buyi-1 imitha. Okulandelayo, ugcwalise izithako kule oda elandelayo:
- Uhlaka olungama-10 cm lwabadobi obumba / ubumba obunwetshiwe / amatshebhisi / i-winterizer yokwenziwa ihlelwe ngezansi, okuzoba njengamanzi esikhathini esizayo.
- Thelela phezu komfula ingxube yezwe izingxenye ezintathu zensimu ezithathwe engadini yakho, izingxenye ezintathu zesanti ejwayelekile, izingxenye ezintathu ze-humus ne-1 ingxenye ye-peat.
Umgodi olungiselelwe ngalolu hlobo awufanelekile nje kuphela ukutshala imbewu, kodwa futhi nokukhuphula ama-artichokes ngosizo lwamagatsha asempande, okungukuthi, izithombo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi emgodini kufanele iphindwe kancane.
Sikhula izithombo ezivela imbewu ye-artichoke: izici eziyinhloko zokuhlwanyela
Izinsuku nezinye izici zokuhlwanyela ama-artichokes
Kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela izithombo ngokushesha, ukuze ngesikhathi sokutshala izitshalo endaweni evulekile, ingahlakulela kahle futhi ikhule ngamandla. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu salokhu kungukuqala kwentwasahlobo - isigamu sokuqala sikaMashi.
Kungcono ukuwahlwanyela emabhokisini enkuni, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona ingxube ekhethekile yodaka esakhiweni esinzima esilingana, humus nesihlabathi. Ukuze imbewu ihlume kangcono emhlabathini, le nhlabathi ebhokisini kumele igcinwe njalo enomanzi.
Kuze kube khona ukubonakala kwamahlumela okuqala, amabhokisi anemihlwanyelo ehlwanyelwe kuwo agcinwa esitheni sokushisa, ukushisa okushisa noma ngokuqondile endlini noma endlini, ukubuka umbuso wokushisa awukho ngaphansi kuka-18-20ºС.
Izitshalo ezitshalwe kancane, ezizoba nesikhathi sokuvela kweqabunga langempela langempela (ngokuvamile livela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-15), ungakwazi ukuyeka phansi. Okukhethwa kukho kuncike ekutheni isitshalo ngasinye kufanele sitshalwe endaweni ehlukile. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi uhlelo lokuhlwanyela imbewu alunandaba, ngoba izithombo zifakelwa esikhathini esizayo noma kunjalo.
Lapho ukudonsa kufanele ucabangele ukuthi izithombo ze-artichokes zinokulingana okukhulu, ngakho-ke amandla okubalulekile ayadingeka ukukhetha inkulu. I-Ideal - i-peat-purulent izimbiza, ivolumu okungenani ama-0.5 amalitha.
Ukuze kuthinte ukubunjwa kwesimiso esinamandla esiqhingini se-artichoke esizayo, lapho kukhetha ukuthi udinga ukususa ithiphu lempande. Kodwa-ke, ungadluli ukuze ungalimazi izitshalo.
Kufanele ukunakekelwa kanjani ngezinzalo ze-artichoke?
Ukunakwa okuningi akudingi izithombo ze-artichoke emva kokukhetha. Ngokuvamile uthatha izimpande kahle, ngakho-ke ukutshala indawo akudingekile. Into kuphela ukuthi inhlabathi ezimbizeni kudingeka ihlale iyanamanzi, futhi ivimbele ukwakheka kokhula kuyo.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukondla izitshalo. Ngokuyinhloko, kakade ngemuva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi samasonto amabili kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqoqa, inhlabathi enezithombo ihlwanyiswa ngosizo lwe-mullein.
Ngalokhu, umanyolo uhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1 kuya ku-10. Eminye amasonto amabili kamuva, izithombo ze-artichoke ziyavuselela kabusha, kodwa manje kudingekile ukusebenzisa amaminerali amaminerali, hhayi into ephilayo.
Futhi, ukuze izithombo zilungele kangcono ngangokunokwenzeka ekukhuleni ensimini, kubalulekile ukuthi cima it.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinkomishi zezithombo zosuku kufanele zikhishwe emgwaqweni, ukuze izitshalo zingagcini nje kuphela ekushiseni kwemoya yangempela, kodwa futhi ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
Izitshalo ezitshaliwe emhlabathini ovulekile zingase ziqale ngasekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngaphandle kokuthi ngabe izinga lokushisa lomoya emgwaqweni lisungulwe kahle futhi lizinzile.
Izithombo ze-artichokes nemithetho yokutshala kwayo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngingayitshala nini i-artichokes emibhedeni?
Ngenhla sitshele kakade ukuthi ukutshala kwezithombo ze-artichokes kungaqaliswa kusukela phakathi kukaMeyi. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukugxila ezintweni zezulu zesifunda sakho, ngoba ngisho naphakathi no-May kunamahlumela ezindaweni eziningi ezingaphezu kweMoscow latitude.
Ngakho-ke, ukutshala kungabambezeleka kuze kufike ehlobo ngokwalo, ngakho kuzothatha isikhathi eside futhi kunzima ukucubungula izithombo. Kuzodinga futhi ukuqhubeka nokukhishwa ukucima, ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa kokukhula.
Kodwa-ke, ungafaka ingozi ekutshaleni emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa njalo umboze izitshalo ebusuku ngefilimu. Ngesinye isikhathi ama-wire arches akhethekile afakwe phezu kombhede, lapho kungcono khona ukwelula ifilimu evikela ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo ngokwazo.
Yimuphi iphethini yokutshala inenzuzo kakhulu ezitsheni ze-artichoke?
Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela kwezitshalo zesitshalo esichazwe ngokuqondile luxhomeke kubukhulu obufezwayo lapho umuntu ekhulile. Sesivele sikhulume ukuthi ukuphakama kwalo kungafinyelela ngisho namamitha angu-2, kanti inqwaba yemifino iphinde iqoqe umxhwele. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okushiwo ngenhla, kunconywa ukuthi izithombo ze-artichokes zitshalwe ngendlela enesikwele.
Itholakala ukuthi phakathi kwemigqa kanye nezitshalo eshiye isikhala esifanayo, esimweni se-artichokes sifinyelela kumamitha angu-70 (okungukuthi, uhlelo 70h70). Esikenyeni esisodwa, lokho kuyimbobo yezithombo, izitshalo ezimbili zitshalwe.
Indlela esiyidingayo ukulungisa izimbobo ze-artichokes, sesivele sibhaliwe, kodwa siphinde sikhulume lokho akufanele utshale izithombo kakhulu emhlabathini. Uhlelo lwezitshalo zalesi sitshalo lwakhiwa ngokwanele, ngakho lungabamba luqinile, ngaphandle kokudinga ngisho nokuphakama.
Ama-artichokes emibhedeni yakho futhi uyabanakekela: yini ebalulekile okufanele uyicabangele nokuthi yini okufanele ingakhohlwa?
Ngidinga ukuphuza amahlumela e-artichoke futhi kufanele kwenziwe kangaki?
Hlanganisa inhlabathi lapho i-artichokes ikhula kufanele ibe njalo njalo.
Ukunisela Kungenzeka kaningi kangako - izikhathi ezimbili kuphela ngesonto, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kungenzeka ukuba uletha ama-5 amalitha amanzi.
Isikhukhula esikhulu siba, umswakama owudinga kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukudlula ngokweqile kungaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi ithatha umswakama kabi noma amanzi asemhlabathini aseduze kakhulu nomhlabathi.
Futhi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugxila emanzini okushisa kwemvelo nangokwejwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, ungavumeli ukoma ngokweqile kwenhlabathi - futhi uzothola imiphumela emihle ekukhuleni kwe-artichokes.
Ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze ama-artichokes nokususa ukhula
Ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokutshala okunye kwezitshalo, inhlabathi okuzungezile kufanele ikhululiwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso yokungenzi umgodi ophezulu, okuvimbela ukungena emoyeni.
Futhi kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale ukhula imibhede ngama-artichokes avela ukhula oluhlukahlukene, oluyingozi kakhulu ekuqaleni kokukhula kwezitshalo.
Ukondla ama-artichokes: yiziphi izitshalo ezicatshangwayo okufanele zisebenzise?
Ukutshala lesi sitshalo kuyadingeka ukufeza, ngoba basabela kahle kubo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphumela omuhle uboniswa kokubili umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo nezimbiwa.
Kodwa, ngaphandle kwe-artichokes evamile yezimpande ngamanyolo wezinkomo noma amaminerali amaminerali, ngokuvamile avunyelwe zonke izinsuku ezingu-15, kubalulekile ukufeza ukudla okunomsoco.
Isisekelo sabo sisezingeni lokuthi izitshalo zifakwe izixazululo ezikhethekile, ezibandakanya:
- I-potassium chloride (ama-gramu angu-10).
- I-ash ash (10 amagremu).
- Superphosphate (25 amagremu).
Ukujwayela ukuhlunga okunjalo akufanele kube mkhulu kakhulu, kuyokwanela kanye ngenyanga. Inzuzo yabo enkulu ikhona ekutheni lokhu akugcini nje ukwandisa izinga lokulandelana kwesitshalo, kodwa futhi kuvimbela ukunqotshwa kwalo ngama-aphid nama-butterflies.
Sifaka isitshalo ebusika - sisindise kuze kube ngonyaka ozayo
Ngemuva kokuvuna, ekwindla okwehla kwesitshalo nokufika kokushisa kokuqala, ingxenye engenhla ye-artichoke isihlahla sinqunywe ngokuphelele. Ukuze kuvimbele izimpande zesitshalo ukuthi zingonakaliswe yiqhwa, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe nama-rhizomes ngobubanzi bomhlabathi ngosizo lwamagqabi noma utshani.
Futhi, ebusika, kungenzeka ukugoqa ngokukhethekile ukukhishwa kweqhwa emibhedeni, okuzogcina ukushisa emhlabathini.
Ukuvuna ama-artichokes: indlela yokunquma ukuvuthwa okufisayo?
Uma usebenzise i-vernalization ye-artichokes ekhulayo, ukuvuna kuzokwenzeka ngonyaka wokuqala, nakuba ezimweni zemvelo lokhu kwenzeka kuphela okwesibili. Ngokuyinhloko, wena ngokwakho uzoqaphela ukuthi phakathi kwamaqabunga aphansi wehlumela lesi sitshalo wavela e-flower stalks.
I-artichokes yokuqala izofaneleka ukusetshenziswa emva kwamasonto amabili. I-top evuliwe kancane engxenyeni yawo engenhla ifakazela ngakho.
Inzima enkulu ekuqoqeni ama-artichokes ukuthi izimbali ziqhakaza ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke, ukuvuthwa komunye wabo kuhloswe ngokweqile, futhi kunqunywe kusuka ehlathini ngokwehlukana. Ukuze uthole ama-artichokes amakhulu, kunconywa ukuba ushiye ama-peduncles angu-2-3 kuphela kwisitshalo ngasinye ngezingqikithi ezingu-3-4 ngalunye.
Futhi, akunjalo lesi sitshalo akufanele sivunyelwe ukuba siveze ngokugcwele, ngoba esimweni esinjalo izinhloko ze-artichoke zinzima kakhulu futhi azifaneleki ukusetshenziswa.
Ngakho-ke, uma uphezulu kakhulu kwe-artichoke ubona amacembe aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ungacabangela le mifino engafanele ukusetshenziswa komuntu.
I-artichokes eqoqwe ehlathini ingagcinwa isikhathi esanele ngokwanele, okuyinto inzuzo yabo ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, uma imifino echazwe ikhona ekushiseni okuvela ku-0 kuya ku-1ºС, ngakho-ke kuyoba khona ukuthi bayakwazi ukunambitha ezinye izinyanga ezingu-2-3.
