Naphezu kokuthi umuthi we-apula awuwona umuthi othakazelisayo futhi ongajwayelekile, ubonakala esifundeni saseSiberia kungekudala kakhulu.
Isizathu salokhu yizimo ezimbi zezulu. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-20 zasebusika zaseSiberia ziye zahlushwa namuhla. Mayelana nokuthi sizokutshela ngani namuhla.
Isihlahla sama-apula aseSiberia - zijwayele izinhlobo
Ukuze uthole izithelo ezinhle kakhulu ukunambitheka, kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene kule ndaba, kodwa futhi ikhono layo ukuvumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zezulu.
E-Siberia, akubalulekile nje kuphela ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula ziphikisana nesithwathwa, kodwa futhi ukuphakama kwesihlahla. Phela, umuthi omkhulu ungonakaliswa kalula kakhulu emoyeni obandayo futhi uchitha amaqhwa aseSiberia. Ngakho-ke, sizozama ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe zonke izinzuzo nezinsalela zezinhlobo zama-apula esifundeni saseSiberia.
Uhlobo lwe-apula "i-Gorno-Altai"
Ukuvuna kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kuqoqwe ehlobo, maphakathi nango-Agasti. Ukuhlukahluka okuvame kakhulu esifundeni saseWestern Siberia, kodwa kuphawulwe esifundeni esisenyakatho neVolga-Vyatsky eRussia. Kutholakala ekuhambeni izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "i-Ranetka Purple" ne "Saffron Pepin".
Izithelo yalolu hlobo kakhulu kakhuluukuthi eSiberia akuyona into engavamile. Isisindo sabo esilinganisweni singama-gramu angu-45 kuphela. Zigcwele-ribbed in shape, ne-ribbing isici kubo. Zihlukaniswa nombala ophuzi wombala oyisisekelo, okuyingxenye enkulu ehlanganiswe obomvu obomvu njengo "buhlungu".
Isikhumba esinomzimba sinezindawo ezincane zokugqwala eduze kwe-apple stem.
Umbala we-Pulp cream. Isakhiwo saso sihlelwe kahle, sinomqondo ophezulu wejusi. Ukudla kuhle ngokwanele elimnandi nelomuncu. Noma kunjalo, amagremu angu-100 we-pulp aqukethe cishe ama-25 mg we-ascorbic acid.
Isihlahla se-Gorno-Altaiskoye sikhula sibe ngukuphakama okulinganiselwe, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuzinakekela, kanye nokugwema ukuqina kwesimo sezulu ezindaweni ezimpunga naseSiberia. Crohn enamahlumela amaningi amagatsha amahlumela. Ukuma komqhele kuhlanganiswe. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ezintangeni zezithelo kanye ne-kolchatkah, eyakhiwa okuningi emthini.
Phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zaseSiberia zama-apula, "i-Gornoalstayskoe" u kakhulu ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi ibanga Ngaphezu kwalokho, akesabi umonakalo wesikhumba, yingakho ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukunikela. Ukuhluma izihlahla njalo, kusukela ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala. Izithelo zisetshenziselwa izinhlobonhlobo zezinhloso: kusuka ekusetshenzisweni okusha, kuya ku-juice kanye ne-jam.
Ngokuvamile, ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwezihlukahlukene kuyisayizi sabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sezulu sezulu singase sibangele ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba sesithelo. Impilo yeshekeli yesithelo imfushane kakhulu, iphela izinsuku ezingu-20-30 kuphela.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo zakuqala zama-apula.
Apple ezihlukahlukene "Souvenir of Altai"
Lokhu ezihlukahlukene zibhekisela ekwindlangoba ukuvunwa kwezitshalo zakhe kuza kuphela ngoSeptemba. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe ingxenye enkulu esifundeni sase-Altai, kodwa ngezimfanelo zayo ikwazi ukukhiqiza isivuno esihle kakhulu eNtshonalanga Siberia. Abazali be-Souvenir Souvenir yizinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula njengeGorno-Altai kanye nokuhlanganiswa kweSafron Pepin kusuka ku-Belle Flay Chinese.
Izithelo yalolu hlobo hhayi okukhulu ngokwaneleinani kufika ku-130 amagremu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akunciphisi ukufaneleka kwabo okunye. Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa izithelo ze-Souvenir ye-Altai ngombala ophuzi okhanyayo wezithelo ezihlanganiswe nokuhlanza okumnyama okubomvu. Ikhasi libushelelezi, ne-rust encane elizungeza umbhoshongo, ombozwe ngezingubo. Ukujatshulwa kwesithelo kuhlanganisiwe, okubhekene nokukhwabanisa okukhulu phezu kwendawo yonke.
Inyama enomsoco inesakhiwo esihle. Iqukethe isamba esikhulu sejusi. Ukudla izithelo kuhle kakhulu elimnandi nelomuncu. Amagremu ayi-100 we-pulp kuleli klasi aqukethe cishe 12 mg we-ascorbic acid.
Isihlahla salezi zihlukahlukene ukukhula okuphakathi, okuyinto efanelekayo esifundeni saseSiberia. Ngenxa yokuphakama okuphansi, imimoya yesithwathwa ayimbi kakhulu. I-Crohn isondelene, futhi isayizi ephakathi. Amagatsha razlaie, shiya esitokisini esiseduze.
Inzuzo yalezi zinhlobonhlobo kukhulu kakhulu izithelo zezithelo, okuyinto i-rarity enkulu eSiberia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukulimala kwenzeka njalo, kanti isitshalo sokuqala singavuna ngonyaka wesihlanu emva kokutshala isithombo.
Izithelo zikhangayo kakhulu, ezifanele ukudayiswa kanye nokusetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe. Izithelo zigcinwa cishe izinyanga ezingu-4 emva kokuzisika emthini. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nesikhumba futhi ngokwemvelo azizesabi amahlumela aseSiberia, nakuba izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokubanda izihlahla ebusika kufanele zisetshenziswe (lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngezansi).
Okuwukuphela kokungalungi kwezinhlobonhlobo yiyo ukumelana okuphansi kuya kube njalo isifo sofungalnjengo monilioz. Futhi, naphezu kokujwayelekile kwezitshalo, inani lezithelo zomuthi owodwa lilinganiselwe.
Ama-apula e-Grade "I-Ermakovskoe Intaba"
Lezi zihlukahlukene zibhekisela ehlobo. Idalwe ngabalimi ngokukhethekile ukulima endaweni yesimo sezulu saseSiberia. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Apple ezifana "Felix Altai" ne "Altai Dove" zingabazali "entabeni yase-Ermakovsky".
Izithelo le ezihlukahlukene apula kakhulu kakhuluukwandisa ubukhulu 80 amagremu. Ifomu labo liyindilinga, isikhumba sihamba kahle, singavamile ukuthi kukhona i-hue yegolide noma i-rustiness eduze nesitshalo sezithelo. Futhi, ngaphansi kwesikhumba kubonakala amaphuzu amakhulu angaphansi kwesigcawu. Umbala oyinhloko wala ma-apula ukukhanya okuphuzi. Ukumboza izembatho zengubo cishe yonke ingxenye yezithelo ezinezibungu ezibomvu ezikhanyayo.
I-pulp kahle-grained "Intaba yase-Ermakovsky" inemibala emhlophe. Ubusika bayo bufana nokuhlukahluka kwangaphambili. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu, kulinganiswe ochwepheshe njengento enhle. Isithelo sibonakala iphunga elimnandi kakhulu. Futhi, inani elikhulu le-ascorbic acid lifakwe ku-pulp - 24 mg ngamagremu angu-100 we-pulp.
Isihlahla sinokukhula okuphansi. Ukuma komqhele kuyindilinga, ukuqina okuqinile akuyona into efana nayo. Amagatsha ahlukanisa eceleni kwe-trunk ehlangothini olungakwesokudla. Isici esihlukile somuthi wukuthi amagatsha awo aphikisiwe kakhulu. Izithelo zakhiwe kolchatka nomkhonto. Ingxenye encane yesitshalo isakhiwe emahlathini esithelo.
Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene zase-Siberia ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwesihlahla kanye nesivinini sokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Ukuvuna "i-Ermakovskogo Intaba" ingaqoqwa ngo-Agasti. Futhi, ukunambitheka kwama-apula kulezi ezihlukahlukene kwenza kube yinto evamile esifundeni esikhulayo.
Ubukhulu bezithelo bungabhekiselwa ekufanelekeni, ngoba eSiberia ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuthola ngisho nama-apula anesisindo esingama-gramu angu-50. Izinhlobonhlobo zobunzima bebusika obuphakathi.
Ukuphila kwesikhala sesithelo kufushane futhi inyanga eyodwa kuphela. Ukukhiqiza akuyona into enhle, nakuba lesi simo sibonakala cishe kuwo wonke ama-apple aseSiberia. Umuthi uqala ukuthela izithelo uma uneminyaka engama-4-5, noma kunjalo, ukuvama kwezivuno kwenzeka kaningi. Amahlamvu kulezi ezihlukahlukene ngokuvamile abhekene nesikhumba.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula "Bayana"
Lezi zihlukahlukene empeleni zivame kakhulu esifundeni saseSiberia ngenxa yobukhulu bezithelo. Ezihlukahlukene yikwindla, izithelo ziqoqwa ekuqaleni kuka-September. Abazali bezinhlobonhlobo yizinhlobo zama-apula "I-Altai Purple" kanye nengxube yempova "Gorno-Altaisk" ne "Bellefle-Kitaika".
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, ngaphansi kwezinga elivamile, izithelo zezinhlobo ze "Bayan" ziyizo eziphakathi, ngoba iSiberia zikhulu kakhulu. Isisindo izinqikithi zabo kusuka kuma-85 kuya kwangu-140 amagremu. Ukuma kwesithelo kuhlotshisiwe, cishe akukho ukukhwabanisa.
Umbala oyinhloko ujabulisa kakhulu, i-yellow yellow. Umbala we-topcoat unombala obomvu, ufakwa cishe kuwo wonke ubuso wesithelo ngendlela yamaqembu amakhulu. Lapho kutholakala ukuvuthwa okugcwele, i-topcoat ithola i-patina ebomvu. Isikhumba sibhebhethekile kuze kube yilapho sithinta, sinobukhulu kakhulu.
Umbala we-pulp ukhilimu. Isakhiwo sihlanganisiwe kakhulu, sinomsoco. Izithelo ezinomsoco, ngokusho kobuchwepheshe bokulinganisela kunomusa omuhle kakhulu ongezelelwe iphunga elimnandi. Inani le-ascorbic acid, eliqukethwe ku-100 amagremu we-pulp ngu-21 mg.
Umuthi ufinyelela ukuphakama okulinganiselwe ekuphakameni, ufinyelela cishe ngamamitha angu-4 ngonyaka we-11. Ukuma komqhele yi-bitumen-like, engahlanganiswa, ububanzi bayo buba ngamamitha ayi-3.5. Amagatsha alungile aphuma esitokisini ngeso lengqondo, kodwa ahlelwe ngokucophelela. Isihlahla sinomhlobo ohlangene we-fruiting.
Ukuphikisana ne-frost nezifo ze-fungal njenge-scab ebangeni le "Bayana" kakhulu kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhona nokukhula okusheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla, ngoba isivuno sokuqala sivuna iminyaka engu-3-4 yokukhula kwesihlahla. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokukhula, izihlahla zikhiqiza amathani ayi-14 ama-apula ehektheleni ngalinye. Ukuphila kwesheluli isithelo cishe izinyanga ezingu-4.
Okungalungile kuphela kulezi ezihlukahlukene kungaba kuphela isivuno esincane eminyakeni yokuqala ye-fruiting, okungamathani angama-4 kuphela ehektheleni.
Ukunakekelwa kahle komuthi wase-apula waseSiberia
Okokuqala mayelana nezihlahla
Isihlahla se-Apple nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kudinga izihlahla. Kodwa-ke, uma usemncane kunenhloso yokukhuthaza ukukhula okuqhubekayo nokwandisa ubukhulu bezithelo, khona-ke emsebenzini omkhulu ovuthiwe ukukhipha amagatsha abonakalisiwe futhi omisiwe.
Ukwenza umqhele wesithombo sembewu encane, kubalulekile ukuqeda wonke amagatsha aphikisana negatsha eliyinhloko. Kulokho esibasika khona ngempela ngaphansi kwe "0", ngaphandle kokushiya ngisho ne-penelette. Amagatsha amakhulu kunawo wonke adinga ukunqunywa kancane. Ngesikhathi sokuqala bafinyelelwa ngamasentimitha angama-40 (ngaphandle uma ngabe ishidi lakho likhulu ngokwanele), bese-ke kufanele uthathe cishe amasentimitha angu-15-20.
Izihlahla ze-fruiting nazo kuyasiza ukuqhuba ukuvimbela okuvamile, ukususa amagatsha aphukile nabomile, kanye nezinhlanzi. Futhi, uma umqhele ubukhulu kakhulu - kufanele ube mncane kakhulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze izithelo zithole ukukhanya okungaphezulu futhi azihlanganiswa namagatsha omuthi wazo, kanye nokulula kokuvuna.
Ezimweni zaseSiberia kubalulekile ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokusika izihlahla, ukuze ungabangeli umonakalo omkhulu kanye nezifo emthini. Hlanganisa amagatsha kangcono entwasahlobongaphambi kokungena komuthi ekukhuleni. Amanxeba aphethwe izixazululo ezikhethekile kusuka ekutheleleni yi-fungi.
Iya kumanyolo
Izitshalo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula zaseSiberia zisebenza njengempesheni yezimo zezulu ezimbi, ziyakwazi ukugcina ubunzima bayo obusika futhi zinike amandla ezitshalo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, uma utshalwa, i-peat, i-humus ne-superphosphate kufanele ifakwe enhlabathini. Futhi, eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhula, umuthi uzodinga i-nitrogen.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi umanyolo usetshenziswa emhlabathini kanye nokunisela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi akufanele athululelwe ngaphansi kwesiqu ngokwayo, kodwa emgodleni omncane ugubungele isiqu mayelana nomitha ububanzi. Ngemuva kokunisela nokukhulelwa, lokhu kugujwa kufanele kuvalwe nama-humus ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama emhlabathini isikhathi eside.
Kufanele kube khona ukuchelela okuvamile?
Eqinisweni, konke kuzoxhomeka enhlobo yomhlabathi lapho umuthi wakho utshalwe khona. Uma kunezinhlanzi kanye namanzi amaningi angaphansi komhlaba, akudingeki ukuba uphuze umuthi nhlobo (ngaphandle kokuchelela ngesikhathi sokutshala nokufaka umquba). Kodwa nokho, ngesikhathi sasehlobo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuletha amanzi emhlabathini ngokubala kuka 30-50 amalitha ngomuthi ngamunye.
Futhi, uma ukuchelela kufanele ucabangele uhlobo lomuthi. Uma lezi zihlahla ze-apple ezincane, izimpande zazo zizobe zisondelene kakhulu nomhlabathi. Ukunisela kuleli cala kufanele kube njalo kunezihlahla zama-apple aseSiberia. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuletha amanzi emhlabathini noma ngokuwahambisa emigodini ekhethekile, noma ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokunisela imvula (ukuze kungabi nakanjani ugeze izimpande).
Manje ngokunakekelwa kwasebusika
Ukuze inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla somuthi ingabi iqhwa ebusika, kufanele ukumboza kakhulu kakhulu ungqimba obukhulu okunjalo umanyololike humus noma peat. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungqimba oluzungeza isiqu lufinyelela ku-10-20 amentimitha.
Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kwawo kufanele kwandiswe kancane kancane, ngokuqala kwamaqhwa, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhuphuka kokushisa okuvela kumanyolo wokubola. Futhi, umuthi ngalesi sikhathi kufanele usuvele uhambe ngokuphelele kwimodi yasebusika, ngoba umquba ungabangela ukukhula kwawo, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ebusika.
Ungakhohlwa nokuthi izimpande zomuthi zidinga kakhulu oksijeni. Ngako-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala kwebusika, inhlabathi kufanele iguqulwe ngokucophelela futhi emva kwalokho kufanele ihlanganiswe ngendwangu yomanyolo phezulu.
Sitshala amabanga aseSiberia i-apula-tree
Yisiphi isikhathi sokukhetha ukutshala?
Izihlahla ze-apula zaseSiberia zitshalwe kangcono entwasahlobongemuva kokuba inhlabathi ichithe ngokuphelele. Phela, uma utshale isitelwane ekwindla, usengozini yokuqothula umuthi omncane ongahlangene. Ngisho noma usuvele uthenge isitsha samapulangwe, kungcono ukuwufaka engadini yakho emgodini ongajulile (cishe ngamamentimitha angu-5) bese uwumboza ngendwangu ye-peat kanye ne-humus ukuyivikela ehlathini.
Yiziphi izidingo zomhlabathi
Emhlabathini we-apula udinga kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuthi badinga inhlabathi evundile, izihlahla ze-apula azijwayele umhlabathi omuncu. Uma ungekho okukhethwa kukho, khona-ke kufanele kuleyo mhlabathi kufanele engeza i-saltpeter ukucima i-asidi.
Futhi, inhlabathi kumele ibe nemithombo emihle, ngoba amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angabangela umuthi wase-apula waseSiberia. Iqhwa eliqinile lomhlabathi lingathola amanzi, okwandiswa ngalo ngesikhathi sokuqhwaza kungalimaza izimpande zomu-apula.
Akufanelekele inhlabathi ye-apula nobumba. Ngokutshala izihlahla ze-apula, kufanele zihlanganiswe kahle kakhulu nesihlabathi somfula kanye neziqu ezihlukahlukene ukwenza ngokwanele inhlabathi ivundile.
Indlela engcono kakhulu ye-apula izihlahla ziyi-loam. Emhlabathini onjalo, lo muthi awudingi ukunakekelwa; umanyolo wesikhathi esifanayo ohlose ukwandisa ukumelana nesithwathwa kanye nezifo kuyozuzisa.
Empeleni ukufika ngokwawo
Ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula umgodi ugugu kusengaphambili. Futhi kusengaphambili kudingeke ukuba ugcwalise ingxube yensimbi enhlabathini evundile enomanyolo futhi ubeke kancane phansi ngesimo segundane. Izimpande zithatha phezulu kule knoll futhi zilele phezu kwengxube esele.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi indawo yokuguqula isitshalo se-seedling ohlelweni lwempande ihlala ngaphansi komhlaba, ngoba emva kokunciphisa kwayo umuthi wehla njalo. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa umhlabathi ojikelezayo, kufanele uphuze ngokucophelela, usebenzisa amalitha amanzi angu-30 ngalokhu. Ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala, ukuchelela kungabuyekezwa kabili ngaphezulu.
