Bambalwa abazwile ngesitshalo esinjalo somlingo njengenhlanzi. Izinsalela zalezi zitshalo zisatholakala yi-archaeologists, ezibala ukuthi zineminyaka eyizigidi eziningana. Okunye okuhlobene nalesi sitshalo yizinganekwane eziningi, okunye okuphathelene nembali yayo yemfihlo. UFern ubelokhu isitshalo esithakazelisayo nesifiselekayo eqoqweni lasekhaya. Emhlabeni wonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-200 nezinhlobo ezingu-10 zama-fern, kodwa ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesishiyagalolunye, abanye babo baqala ukukhula ekhaya.
Namuhla kunzima ukuthola ihhovisi lapho inhlanzi ingeke ikhule khona. Lesi sitshalo sithandwa kakhulu yibo bonke abantu abaqalayo futhi abanolwazi abalimi bemifino ngenjabulo enkulu bakhula i-fern kumafasitela abo. Ihambelana ngokuphelele kunoma yimuphi ongaphakathi futhi izokwanelisa ukushisa kwakho. Iningi labameleli be-fern akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni, kodwa kuzodinga ukunakekelwa okuhlelekile.
Igumbi le-fern inezinhlobo eziningi namagama. Yimaphi ama-ferns angaphakathi asekhona futhi akhule kakhulu ekhaya, sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni sethu.
Nephrolepis
I-Nephrolepis ayifuni kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo, ngakho-ke ngisho ne-novice ingakwazi ukubhekana nokulima kwayo. Lesi sitshalo sinamagatsha amaningi akhula eqenjini elincane elivela e-rhizome encane. Amaqabunga awo aphikisiwe, anezicabha ezincane eziguquguqukayo ezifana ne-feather. I-fern ekhulile ibonakala njengezinqwaba zempaphe eluhlaza ngokumangalisayo. Igumbi le-fern nephrolepis alikhuli lingaphezu kwesigamu semitha. 
Ngokungafani namanye ama-ferns, i-nephrolepis ayibangeli ukusizwa kwe-allergen. Kubonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, futhi uma kugcinwa kahle, kuyokuphazamisa ngobuningi bamagatsha amasha. Ukuze kube nenhlalakahle engcono, kubalulekile ukugcina le fern ekukhanyeni okungakahleleki ekushiseni kwe-21 ° C ehlobo kanye no-17-18 ° C ebusika. Sebenzisa isikhathi sokuphuza noma ukuphalaza nsuku zonke, ngoba i-home fern ne-Nefrolepis ayibekezeli isimo sezulu esomile. Kunconywa umquba omuncu ukuze usetshenziswe njalo emavikini amathathu.
Uyazi? I-Nephrolepis ngeke ijabule ngokubonakala kwayo kuphela, kodwa futhi izakhiwo zayo. Ikwazi ukuhlanza umoya we-formaldehyde nezinye izinto ezilimazayo empilweni.
Davallia
Lolu hlobo lwe-fern alujabulisi kakhulu ngamaqabunga ayo, njengokungathi izimpande ezingavamile kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela e-davallia akulona okukhulu kakhulu, ubukhulu obungama-20 cm. Amagatsha awawubanzi, kodwa abe nombala obala obala. Kodwa le fern iphuma ngenxa yezimpande zayo ezingavamile. Bavame ukukhula futhi bahambe ngaphesheya komkhawulo wembiza, njengokungathi bayigubuzela. Ama-rhizomes ngokwawo acwebile kakhulu, enesiboya, akhula kakhulu. Ukubala izimpande ezingavamile - ezivela kumathoni alula okukhanyayo kuya emathunzini esiliva. Le fern ekhaya ikhula ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi "squirrel" noma "u-hare" unyawo. Ubuye angathobeki ezimweni zokuboshwa futhi ngokunakekelwa kahle uyakwazi ukuhlala iminyaka eminingi. 
Kungcono ukuyibeka ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo kodwa okungafaniyo ebhodweni ngesistimu enhle yokudonsa amanzi. I-fern yamanzi idinga ukumelela njengezingqimba zomhlabathi. Kodwa gwema ukuthola amanzi ezimpandeni. Ehlobo, ukushisa okunethezeka kokugcina u-22 - 25 ° С, ebusika - 19 - 20 ° С. Ukufaka umanyolo, sebenzisa amaminerali okuxubha okuxubileyo kwezitshalo ze-fern kanye namaviki amabili.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa amanzi okunisela emthonjeni, ake uhlale izinsuku eziningana.
Asplenium
Lolu hlobo lwe-fern luhlala njalo, futhi luyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ama-rhizomes alo amancane, kodwa anwabuzelayo. Ingxenye engenhla yaleso sitshalo ikhula ngo-40-50 cm. Amaqabunga ayesakhiwo esingavamile, ngezikhathi ezithile azimise, ashelele, aphuze. I-fern ikhula isihlahla sombala ohlaza obumnyama ogcwele. Ukukhula kwe-asplenium kuyinto elula, kulula ukulondoloza futhi hhayi okungenangqondo kwemvelo. Ukuze ukhule ngokunethezeka ngesikhathi sehlobo, gcina izinga lokushisa elizungeze 20 ° С futhi ebusika hhayi ngaphansi kuka-16 ° С. Kungcono ukugcina u-aslenium emthunzini obala kancane, nsuku zonke ukuwuthambisa ngesipuni. Ukutshala okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga, ngoba le fern kulula kakhulu ukunqotshwa. 
Kubalulekile! Naphezu kokuthi cishe wonke ama-fern afuna umswakama ophezulu, ungagcwalisi izimpande ngamanzi. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
I-Platicerium
Le ntambo yangaphakathi yangaphandle ayifani nabalingani bayo. Isitshalo esingavamile endle sikhula emagatsheni noma emathunini emithi futhi singakwazi ukufinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu. Ezindaweni zasendlini akuvamile, ngaphandle kokuthi kulabo abaqoqa izitshalo zangaphandle. I-Platicerium ikhulile esikhunjeni samagxolo, ngezinye izikhathi isebenzisa amabhasikidi alenga. Lesi sitshalo sinokude futhi side, kuze kube semitha elilodwa, amaqabunga ekhula avela esiqwini samagxolo. Amaqabunga awuhlobo olumbala lokubala umbala olukhumbuza izimpondo zezilwane. Amaqabunga ale fern ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili: Olunye uhlobo lwamagqabi alusiza ukondla lesi sitshalo, ukuqoqa amaqabunga, umswakama nezinambuzane, okuzobe sezibola emaphaketheni akhethekile, ezondla isitshalo. Uhlobo lwesibili lwamagqabi alukhula ngobuhle. Ziningi kakhulu, zikhula isikhathi eside kunamitha. 
I-platicerium ngokunethezeka izoba ngecala lasenyakatho-mpumalanga, ngokukhanya okukhanyayo kodwa okungafani. Njengoba i-fern ikhula phezu kwamagxolo, esikhundleni sokunisela, ungayifaka emanzini. Ukushisa kwendawo yokunethezeka yesitshalo kumele kuguquke ehlobo kusukela ngo-17 kuya kuma-25 ° С, futhi ebusika akupheli kuka-15 ° С. Uma kufika ukufudumala kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla, kungadliwa ngengxenye yokuhlushwa kwe-fertilizer eziyinkimbinkimbi kumafern.
Uyazi? Ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwa ososayensi baseJapane lubonisile ukuthi i-fern ingaxhuma imisebe emzimbeni.
Uhlu oluningi
Lolu hlobo lwe-fern lungenye yezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu. It has rhizome encane kodwa ezinomsoco. Amaqabunga aphikisiwe kancane, anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enesibindi futhi ekhanyisa ilanga. Amahlumela afana nempaphe enhle ekhalipha kahle kuze kube sekupheleni. Umugqa owodwa ukhula kuze kufike ku-70 cm ukuphakama futhi udala isikhwama esincane kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo siyakuthanda umswakama futhi sikhule emasimini e-coniferous, nasemaphethelweni emifula namachibi. Ngokuvamile iningi lamogoryadorny elitshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nama-slides alpine. Ukuqukethwe ekhaya, kubuye kulungele. 
Okuqakathekileko kokukhuphula le fern ukugcinwa njalo komswakama ebhodweni. Njengezinye izinhlobo, kudinga ilanga eliqondile. Ukushisa kwehlobo ehlobo kusukela ngo-16 kuya ku-24 ° C. Esinye isici somugqa ohlangene ukuphikisana nokunyuka kwesithwathwa. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo kudinga ukuchelela okunengi, kodwa ngokufika kwebusika, ungahambisa njengenhlabathi eyomile. UFern angondliwa kanye nosuku ngamanyolo amaminerali ahlanjululwe.
Pelley
I-Pelley, noma, njengoba kuthiwa nayo, i-push-button fern endle, ingatholakala kulo lonke elaseMelika. Njengesitshalo sasekhaya, i-pellet ayidlangalaleni, njengoba kucatshangwa ngephutha ngokuthi isitshalo esingenangqondo kakhulu. Ukusakaza amagatsha kufinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwesigamu semitha. Kodwa ekuphakameni akukhulumi ngaphezu kwe-25 cm. Amaqabunga amancane, ahlangene, angenelela phakathi nendawo yezinyosi. Ngokuphambene nawo wonke amahemuhemu, kulula kakhulu ukukhula ngamapelisi. 
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-fern, ingaba endaweni eyomile. U-Pelleya ubekezelela ngokwanele isimo sezulu esomile, kodwa udinga ukuphalaza okungapheli ngamanzi angabanda, lapho ephendula khona kahle. Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, amaqabunga amasha akhula, futhi ama-endala aphelile. Lapho isondlo sasekhaya sifana nengxenyeni esempumalanga yekamelo ngokukhanya okungafani. Ehlobo, gcina izinga lokushisa ngo-22 - 25 ° C, futhi ebusika ngo-13 kuya ku-15 ° C. Uma utshela, vumela inhlabathi yome kancane futhi igweme amanzi, futhi ngesikhathi seqhwa, kuncishiswe ukunciphisa kuze kube kanye ngesonto. Yondla isitshalo kanye ngenyanga nge umquba eziphilayo ezihlanjululwe.
Uyazi? Lokho esikubiza ngokuthi amaqabunga ama-fern empeleni amagatsha anezimpande.
I-Pteris
I-Pteris ibhekwa njengenye yezitshalo ezingenakuzithoba nangokuthula. Itholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba, kokubili endle nasekhaya. Ibukeka njenge-shrub encane encane eneqabunga elincane elihlukahlukene lazo zonke izinhlobo nobukhulu. Zigwetshwe ngombala obala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omhlophe omhlophe. Kubonakala sengathi i-fern room fern futhi kuzodinga ukunakekelwa okuncane kakhulu. Esimweni sensimu, le nhlobo ye-fern ibhekwa njengobungane kakhulu kwezinye izitshalo futhi izojabula ngokuhambisana nanoma iyiphi insimu eluhlaza. Izindlu zikhula izinhlobo eziningana zalolu hlobo lwamafern. 
I-Pteris ngaphandle kwemiphumela ingabekezelela izinguquko ezincane ekushiseni nasekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ukuze uthole ukuphila okunethezeka kwe-fern ehlobo, gcina izinga lokushisa ngo-20 - 22 ° C, futhi ebusika ngo-10 kuya ku-13 ° C. Ukunisela esimweni esishisayo kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke, kubanda kuncishise ukuqina kuya izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Ukuze ukondle, sebenzisa umanyolo obunzima we-fern okungaphezu kwesisodwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Futhi uvikele i-pteris kusuka emaphethini, ngoba uma iqhuma, ingakwazi ukuchitha amaqabunga ayo.
Kubalulekile! Ama-ferns we-thyroid anobuthi.
I-Tsirtomium
I-Cytromium nayo isitshalo esingapheliyo. Amagatsha ayingcosana, ngezinye izikhathi afinyelela ku-70 cm ubude. Amaqabunga amancane, abukhali, aphihliwe kancane. Lesi sitshalo sihlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, kanti i-wax encane yokugqoka emaqabunga ikhanya kahle kakhulu elangeni. I-Cortomium ikhula kancane kancane, futhi njengomuntu omdala amashidi amasha avela kuwo ngonyaka. Le fern ibhekene nobusika-eqinile futhi ingakwazi ukubekezela kalula isimo sezulu esomile endlini. 
Kunconywa ukuthi ube ne-fern enjalo enyakatho ye-sill e-penumbra elula. Ukuphuza isitshalo ehlobo kufanele kube izikhathi ezimbalwa ngesonto, futhi kubanda kakhulu kanye noma njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu ludla lukhuni. Ukushisa okukhulu kwehlobo kungu-23 - 25 ° С, futhi ngesikhathi sezulu esibanda 15 - 18 ° С. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, i-fern idinga umswakama owengeziwe. Kungenziwa ukukhulelwa kanye njalo emva kwezinyanga ezintathu ngamaminerali okuhlanjululwa ngamaminerali noma indaba ephilayo.
I-Polypodium (i-Centipede)
I-Centipede iyisitshalo esenziwe ngokwezifiso se-fern, ayitholakali ekuqoqweni ekhaya. Ukukhula kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana kunenhla. Lolu hlobo lwama-fern luneziqabunga ezipholile. Amaqabunga aluhlaza obunjani obuhlukahlukene obubunjwa nobukhulu obuvela emthonjeni okhuni emigqeni, ehlonishwa yilo leli gama. Ukukhula kwekhaya le-fern enjalo khetha indawo evulekile nge penumbra enhle. Udinga ukugcina umswakama ohlala njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seqhwa. Ukushisa kufanele kugcinwe emingceleni eqinile: isikhathi esifudumele, 18-20 ° C, ngesimo sezulu esibanda 10-14 ° C. I-polypodium kufanele iphuze ngamanzi afudumele kakhulu, kaningi, isebenzisa ukuhlunga. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, yondle nge umanyolo ocebile ngezimbali ezihlobisa kanye emva kwamasonto amabili. Beka i-polypodium ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kuma-heaters. 
Sikutshele mayelana nezimbali ezithandwa kakhulu ekhaya. Iningi lazo alilona elikhethile njengoba lingase libonakale. Kudingeka babonise ukunakekelwa okuncane nokunakekelwa, futhi ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe uzoba nelenhlanhla ngokwanele ukubona lokho kuqhuma kwesibindi.
