Izinsimu ze-Apple ezweni lethu zimangale ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo. Engadini yomkhulu wami, indawo ebaluleke kunazo zonke yayiyizinto ezihlukahlukene ze-Shtriepel, omakhelwane bakubiza ngokuthi iSreyrey noma i-apple yesihlahla se-apula emigqumeni. Ekwindla, umkhulukazi wayezikhukhumeza ngamapulazi amathanga amnandi ngejusi lokufafaza, inyama enomuncu. Apple Shrifel ungowokuzalwa emazweni aseBaltic.
Abasimili, abanqotshwa ukunambitheka okumnandi kanye nokuvuna okuqhubekayo kwezilimo ezihlukahlukene, kancane kancane basakaza izithombo ze-apula esihlobonhlobo Shtrigel (Streyfling) kulo lonke izwe.
Izimpawu zezinhlobo zama-apula Shtreyfling
Ukuqhafaza - ezihlukahlukene zakudala nge ekwindla fruiting. Izilinganiso ezifanele kakhulu zezulu zakwaShitriepel zilinganisela. Umuthi ukhula ngokuzithandela futhi uveza izithelo eRussia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe aseSoviet Union yangaphambili.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-Apple Shtreyfling - lokhu kuyinambitheka engenakuqhathaniswa yama-apula kanye nokumelana okumangalisayo okubandayo. Ngezihlahla ze-apula ezivuthiwe ngesikhathi sehlobo, kunezakhi ezanele zokwanela. Basiza isihlahla ukuba simelane nama-degree angu-25 eqhwa. Kungabhalela kuphela amathiphu amahlumela amasha wonyaka.
Incazelo yomuthi
Umuthi omdala we-apula Shtreyfling ukhula ufike kumamitha angu-8 ubude. Lesi sitshalo sinomqhele omkhulu, osabalalisa. Izinhlobonhlobo zijwayele ukukhula konyaka kwamagatsha amasha, ngakho-ke umqhele uyaqina. Isihlahla sidinga ukusika izihlahla zonyaka.
Izimbali zomgqoke zinhle kakhulu, izimbali zinkulu, zimhlophe nge-pink tint. Ama-flower petals ahlangene, ngokuvamile amagale amahlanu embali. Amaqabunga e-Apple anama-gray, aluhlaza, amaqabunga amaqabunga avulekile, ahlangene. Iqabunga lihlala ngokuqinile phezu kwe-petiole ebomvu. Amagatsha anamandla, amaqabunga anamandla, aphezulu. Lapho uneminyaka eyishumi, umqhele we-apula wesihlahla Shtreyfling ufinyelela kumamitha ayisishiyagalombili ububanzi.
Abanini bezamasimu bafumana isivuno sabo sokuqala sama-apula ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesithupha, futhi kungase kuhlanganise nama-apula ayishumi nambili.
Ukukhula, i-Shtreyfling cultivar iqala ukukhiqiza isivuno esiningi, ngokuvamile umuthi wama-apula omdala uzozala 300-400 kg wama-apula.
Ngokulinganisa, izitshalo zokuqothula zingalingani, ngonyaka owodwa umuthi we-apula uvele uqhekeke isithelo, futhi unyaka owodwa awunalutho emagatsheni - umuthi uphumula kusukela ekuvuneni konyaka odlule.
Izinhlobonhlobo zithanda inhlabathi emanzi, futhi lapho uphuza insimu, ama-apula akhula kakhulu. Ezimweni ezimile, isivuno asikho.
Incazelo yezithelo
- Ama-apples Shtriepel (Shtreyfling) ane inyama enhle ephuzi ephuzi, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu nephunga elimnandi elimnandi. Ama-apula alezi zihlukahlukene adliwa fresh futhi asetshenziselwa ukwenza juice, jams kanye nokulondoloza.
- Ama-apula ahlotshaniswe nxazonke aphethwe izimbambo zama-wavy ezibonakala ngokucacile phansi kwesithelo. Ngenkathi uthulula, ama-apula aphuzi nombala ohlaza, okuthi, uma uvuthiwe, uguqula umbala obomvu, obomvu.
- Izithelo zika Apple zinkulu futhi ziphakathi. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-fetus - ama-60-80 amagremu. I-Apple ikhasi elibushelelezi, elincane, elinomshini we-waxy. Izinhlamvu ze-sunflower zibomvu, zihlangene.
Ama-apula wekhalori aphansi I-Autumn ezimthende isetshenziswa ekudleni. I-Pectin ezitshalweni zinciphisa amazinga e-cholesterol egazini, inomthelela we-choleretic, isiza ngokuqothulwa. E-apula, hhayi amaningi ama-khalori, kodwa amaningi amavithamini nezakhi. Cishe wonke amavithamini, ngaphandle kwamavithamini D. kuphela.Ama-apula athile ngobuningi be-potassium, i-magnesium nama-manganese. Ijusi le-Apple liqukethe i-zinc, iodine kanye ne-pectin eningi. I-Pectin ikhuthaza ukuqina kwe-apple jam ne-jelly.
Uyazi? Zonke izinhlobo ze-apula ezizenzekelayo zilungile, kodwa yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Shtriepel ehlukaniswa yinto ehlabayo, enhle kakhulu, encibilika emlonyeni omuncu-omuncu omnandi nombala omuhle wesithelo.
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
I-shriepel (Shtreyfling) ama-apula ahlukahlukene agcinwa isikhathi eside, kepha ngokuphila kwelanga elide angase alahlekelwe yi-juiciness ne-ukunambitheka kwawo okumangalisayo. Ngakho-ke, uma isivuno sikhulu kakhulu, iningi labo lizama ukulifaka ekusebenzeni kuze kube yilapho selilahlekelwe isethulo sabo.
Izinzuzo ezingenakunqotshwa zomuthi wase-apula Ukuhlaziya okuchaza ngalezi zihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:
- isivuno esihle kakhulu;
- ukunambitheka okukhulu nephunga lezithelo;
- ukugcina izinga lezithelo ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu;
- ukufaneleka ukucubungula ibe ijusi nokwenza imishado;
- ibanga lokumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukuphikisana okulinganiselwe kwesikhumba nokukhulelwa kwesibhamu.
Izinsalela izinhlobo Zigcina:
- ukuvuthwa okuphuthumayo kwesitshalo;
- ukushintshwa komnyaka ovuthiwe futhi oqinile;
- izithelo azigcinwa kwisitoreji kuze kufike entwasahlobo;
- ezihlukahlukene azibekezeli isomiso eside.
Ukuhlanzwa kwezinhlobo ze-apula I-Autumn emigqa
I-Apple tree ehlukahlukene I-Shtreyfling, elinye igama elithi Autumn elihlotshisiwe, alilisebenzisi ezihlukahlukene zokuvuna impova. Ukuhlanzwa kwemifino ye-apula Shtreyfling kwenzeka ngosizo lwezinye izinhlobo zemithi yama-apula. Izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-apula njenge-Antonovka, Slavyanka, Welsey, Papirovka noma Rossoshansky emigqabhagqabha zifaneleke kunabasizi be-pollinator abangcono kakhulu be-Shtriepel (Shtreyfling).
Uma ubeka insimu udinga ukucabangela ukutshala kwezinhlobonhlobo zempova.
Uyazi? Ngezinhlobo ezingu-10 zama-apula I-Autumn emigqabhagqabha (i-Shtreyfling) idinga ukutshala izihlahla ezintathu zama-apula noma ezine, ezifanele izinhlobo zempova.
Izici zokutshala izinhlobo ze-apula zezithombo
I-apple tree ekwindla imithini enamandla, futhi ukutshala nokuyilondoloza kufanele kuhlolisise izici zayo. Phakathi kwezihlahla ze-apula, lezi zihlahla ezinkulu azivame ukutholakala, ngakho-ke izithombo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlwanyela kude kakhulu ukuze izihlahla ezivuthiwe zibe nokukhanya okwanele nendawo yokuhlala esikhathini esizayo.
Kubalulekile! Izindwangu ezineminyaka emibili zinezimpande kangcono. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kudingeka uhlole ngokucophelela izimpande zesithombo. Ungavumeli isikhunta phezu kwabo. Izimpande akufanele zibe zomile, phila ku-cut, enhle. Uma izimpande zenzalo zibude obuhlukene, zihlanjululwe nge-shear engadini ngaphambi kokutshala.
Izinsuku zokufika nokukhethwa kwendawo
Imithi yase-apula encane itshalwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Imigomo yokutshala izithombo inqunywa indawo yendawo yesimo sezulu, indawo lapho insimu yesikhathi esizayo ibeka khona.
Izithombo ze-Apple zitshalwe enhlabathini lapho iqhwa liye laphela khona, futhi lifudumala kancane. Ukutshala kwe-apula kwezihlahla ze-apula kuhluke ekwindla eyodwa kokunisela okuvame kakhulu nokuningi kwe-seedling.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zaseRussia, e-Urals, e-Belarus, kungcono ukutshala i-apula isihlahla I-autumn emiswe ekwindla. Izihlahla ze-Apple ezitshalwe ngo-Agasti nasekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokusinda ngokushesha nje lapho ukushisa kwehlobo kuphelela kancane. E-Ukraine, izihlahla ze-apula, ezitshalwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Septhemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, zihlome kahle.
I-autumn inhle yokutshala izithombo ngoba inothile emswakama, futhi lokhu kungenye yezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesimiso sezimpande zezithelo. Ngaphambi kwezitshalo ezincane ezicindezelayo zokushisa ehlobo, izithombo ziyokhula futhi zithuthuke izinyanga ezingu-9.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-apula udinga ukukhetha indawo yokutshala esikhathini esizayo. Lapho ukhetha isayithi, kunconywa ukugwema izindawo lapho izihlahla zezithelo sezivele sezikhulile.
Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukulungisa umgodi wokutshala i-apula ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlosiwe (umhlabathi emgodini kufanele ulungise kancane):
- Susa ngokucophelela ungqimba oluphezulu, oluvundile lomhlabathi kanye ne-turf. Ukubeka eceleni.
- Ukumba ngokwengeziwe kumamitha angama-30, umgodi uyancipha njengoba kudingeka futhi wenziwe.
- Ukulungele ukufika umgodi ekujuleni kwe-50 cm, ububanzi - hhayi ngaphezu kwamitha. Ngaphansi kwegodi eliqediwe ligugule ngaphakathi kwe-bayonet ye-spade.
- Emgodini oqoshiwe wegodi eliqediwe lakhiwa i-turf ekhethiwe ngaphambilini. I-Sod kumele ibekwe izimpande, utshani phansi. Utshani obubolile luzosebenza njengomquba owengeziwe womanyolo.
- Phezulu kwe-turf bayidla ama-humus avela emanzini amaningi noma amahhashi (kuze kufinyelele ku-3 amabhakede). Akuyona nje imifino yezinyoni. I-pair of amalitha enkuni nombhakede wamaqabunga avuthiwe, ingilazi ye-superphosphate ne-3 tbsp. nezinkezo ze potassium sulfate. Konke kuhlanganiswa kahle, ukunikeza ingxube ejojowe nge-oksijeni nokufaka isandla ekubunjweni kokubunjwa.
- Ekupheleni komsebenzi, ungqimba onhlabathi oluvundile, olususwe ngesikhathi sokumba, lufakwa emgodini.
Uma ingadi inomhlabathi wobumba, umgodi wokutshala ubamba ama-1.5 ububanzi ububanzi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze enhlabathini enzima izimpande zenzalo zibe nendawo yokukhula nokusabalalisa.
Ngaphansi komgodi wokuloba ubumba kwakukhona ubumba obunwetshiwe (izingcezu zezitini, amatshe amatshe) kanye nesihlabathi somfula sokudonsa amanzi.
Umgodi wokuhlwanyela okunjalo uyosiza ukugwema izimpande ezivuthweni ngenkathi yemvula.
Uyazi? Umgodi wokuhlwanyela ngokucophelela uzokunikeza amandla ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni okunempilo kwezithombo ze-apula.
Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo ezincane
Izihlahla ze-Apple ziyizihlahla ezide kakhulu ezinekhanda elimnandi, futhi kudingeka uzitshale kude kude okungenani ngamamitha angu-4-5. Indawo ensimini engaphansi kwamamitha amahlanu. Uma ukuhlwanyela kukhula, izihlahla ezikhulile zizoncintisana ngomzimba kanye nomswakama emhlabathini, ukuze kukhanyiswe kangcono. Esigadini esinjalo, izihlahla eziningana zizocindezeleka futhi ziyobe ziphoqelekile. Izithelo ezivela emapulazini ase-apula esivinini esinyene zithola eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, futhi zincane.
I-apula-tree imiswe kahle phakathi kwegodi lokutshala, induku ibanjwe eduze kwayo, okuzogcina umuthi usuke uvinjiswe yimimoya. Umgodi ugcwala kuze kube yilapho inqwaba yomhlabathi idala ngaphezu kwayo. Intamo yentambo yomuthi ingcwatshwa ngesikhathi sokutshala. Kumele kube yi-3-4 cm ephakeme kunezinga lomhlabathi. Ekupheleni kokutshala, umhlabathi ozungeze isithombo se-apula uyanyatheliswa kancane futhi uphuze kahle.
Izici ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula
Lezi apula azizithobeki ezimweni zokulima, kepha namanje kufanele ulandele imithetho ethile ekunakekeleni.
Izinhlobonhlobo zithanda ukuchelela okunengi, izihlahla zidinga ukwelashwa ezivela ezinambuzane, izihlahla ezifika ngesikhathi zokukhula komqhele.
Ukuvikeleka ngokumelene nezifo nezinambuzane
Ngemuva kokutshala izihlahla zomuthi we-apula ekuseni, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela i-autumn ye-apple emithwetshiwe kusuka ezinambuzane.
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avule. Izihlahla ze-Apple ziphathwa ngamalungiselelo alandelayo:
- Isisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi ngamanzi, ihlanza ama-40 g we-oxychloride yethusi ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Lesi silinganiso sesisombululo sizosiza umlimi ukuphatha izihlahla ezimbili noma ezintathu.
- Isidakamizwa "Inta-vir", ngesilinganiso se-tablet eyodwa yomuthi ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ngosizo lwe-"Inta-Vira", izibungu ezibulala izinambuzane eziye zagwedla emagqeni e-apula zibhujiswa.
Ngo-Septhemba-Okthoba, kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukuphuma komuthi womuthi wesihlahla nge-humus, ungqimba lwe-humus luthululelwa ku-20 cm ukuphakama. Lokhu kuyoba ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-apula, futhi kuzosindisa izimpande zayo ngokuqandisa ebusika obunzima.
Ukunisela izihlahla ze-apula
Izihlahla ze-Apple Izinhlobo ze-Shtreyfling zifuna kakhulu ukuchelela. Ubuningi bamanzi obutholakala yi-apula buhlobene ngokuqondile nobungako, ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yesithelo. Ngenkathi yonyaka, uqhuba ukuchelela okuningana okudingekayo:
- Ukunisela kokuqala kwezihlahla ze-apula kwenziwa ngoMeyi, lapho umuthi uqala ukuqhakaza.
- Ukuphuza kwesibili kwenziwa ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, lapho ama-apula ahlanganisiwe eqala ukwandisa ukukhululeka.
- Ukunisela ukushaja amanzi ngamanzi ekwindla kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala, ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ziyingozi futhi ziphuza kaningi, udinga amanzi ukuze inhlabathi inamanzi ngaphezu kwemitha ejulile enhlabathini. Ukunisela okunjalo, i-hose ifakwe eduze kwe-apula kanye namanzi avunyelwe ukugeleza kuwo emfudlaneni omncane kakhulu. Phakathi nosuku inani elanele lomswakama lihamba ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Ukudla nini futhi kanjani
- Ngo-Meyi, ngokushesha nje lapho i-apula ikhula, bayondla umuthi nge-urea. Inani lemanyolo edingekayo libalwe ngalendlela elandelayo: Isixazululo sama-10 amalitha amanzi kanye nesigamu seglasi ye-urea sithathwa yonke imitha yendilinga ezungeze umgqomo.
- Ukugqoka ngoJuni kuhlanganisa ukungeza izici zokulandelela emhlabathini: 2 amagremu we-sulphate yethusi kanye no-0.5 amagremu ka-boric acid anikezwa ku-10 amalitha amanzi. Isixazululo sithululwa phezu kwenhlabathi futhi, ngemva kokubanjwa, sidonsa isigamu sokupaka kudovu. Imbewu yezimpande (lupine, rye, noma lwesinaphi) zihlwanyelwa ezweni elivuliwe.
- NgoJulayi, izitshalo ezinotshani ezikhulile ziguqulwe kanye nomhlabathi owuhlaza. Njengoba zibolile, ziyocebisa inhlabathi nge nitrogen yemvelo futhi ziyoba umanyolo omuhle kakhulu we-apula ekwindla emigqabha.
- Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izihlahla ze-apula zondliwa ngenhlanganisela enjalo: ama-20 g we-superphosphate nama-35 g we-calcium chloride asetshenziswa kuwo wonke amamitha enhlabathi azungeze isiyingi somzimba. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuwanele ukuqinisa umuthi obuthakathaka ngokuvuna nokusiza ukuba usinde ebusika ngokuphepha.
Indlela yokucwenga
Ukuhlunga - ezihlukahlukene ngomqhele osakazekayo kanye nesiqu esiphakeme. Ngakho-ke, ukusika izihlahla ze-apula kanye nokubunjwa kwayo kuqala kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala noma wesibili ngemva kokutshala. Ngokubunjwa okuqondisiwe, emva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, ungathola umqhele ohanjiswe kahle, ngamagatsha angawafihli futhi angaphazamisi ne-fruiting.
Izihlahla zonyaka zingenziwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngenxa yokudubula okuvuselelayo, kungenzeka ukukhulisa i-fruiting yama-apula ngeminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.
Isihlahla sama-apula efriziwe singasindiswa ngokusika izicucu zamagatsha awonakele. 
Imigomo yokuvuthwa nokugcinwa kwesitshalo sezinhlobo zama-apula I-autumn emigqa
Ukuvuna izinhlobo ze-apula Ukuqala ukuqala lapho ama-apula avuthwa. Ngokuvamile lesi sikhathi siqala ekuqaleni - phakathi kukaSeptemba. Yize lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingenakwenzeka ukuhlakaza izithelo, kodwa zingathathwa ngesikhathi, ama-apula angaphezu kwamandla agcinwa kabi nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuvunwa okuhle kuzokujabulisa umlimi kuphela ngonyaka weshumi nambili emva kokutshala i-apula. Umuthi oneminyaka eyishumi uzokhiqiza amabhakede amahlanu wezithelo; isihlahla sama-apula eneminyaka eyishumi nambili siyakwandisa isivuno saso sibe ngu-100 kilograms sama-apula. Ukuvunwa kwe-apula Isivunguvungu esiminyaka emashumi amathathu ubudala sifinyelela ku-300-400 kg.
Ama-apula ahlungiwe agcinwe ekamelweni elipholile ngokomoya ngaphakathi kwesitsha esenziwe ngamapulangwe noma epulasitiki. Ukushisa kusitoreji kugcinwa phakathi kwe +2 no +5 ° ะก.
Ama-apula ebangeni lama-Shriepel (Shtreyfling) kunalokho ahlukahlukene etafuleni, kanti izikhathi zokugcina azilona isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-2.5-3 zokugcina, ama-apula alahlekelwa yi-turgor, aqala ukubola. Ngokucabangela ukulondolozwa kwesikhashana, bazama ukuwasebenzisa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthi isikhathi sokugcina siphelelwe yisikhathi noma siwacubungele sibe yizibhamu futhi silondoloze. 
Kubalulekile! Ukugcina ama-apula ebusika ekhaya kungenziwa isikhashana isikhathi eside, uma ugoqa i-apula ngayinye ephepheni ngaphambi kokuyibeka phansi.
Izihlahla ze-Apple Shtreyfling zinezivuno ezinhle kakhulu futhi zinambitheka kakhulu ngama-apula. Ngako-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala ipulazi udinga ukuzijwayeza ngemithetho yokutshala nokuzinakekela. Ukuhambisana nazo zonke izinkolelo ekunakekeleni i-apula kuqinisekisa ukuvuthwa kwe-apple eningi engadini yakho.
