Umthengisi womthengisi ovamilengesiLatin, senecio vulgaris, isitshalo esivamile kakhulu futhi sikhula cishe kulo lonke elase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika.
Endle, kwaziwa njengokhula. Kungokomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae.
Ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi u-Jacob ubhapathizo kleynianoma nje senecio (ngegama lesiLatini).
Kuvame ukutholakala, namagama ayo athandwayo - i-yellow-thistle nemifino enika ukuphila. Isizathu sokuthi uhlobo lwezinhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi.
Bangabheka ngendlela ehlukile, kodwa into eyodwa iyazihlanganisa - ijusi elinobuthi. Naphezu kwalokhu, uSenecio uthathwa njengesitshalo somuthi.
Ukubukeka
Hlanganisa nge-stem ephakeme, eboshiwe, hhayi emagatsheni amakhulu, kufika ku-50 cm high.
Umthengisi womthengisi ovamile ibhekisela ezitshalweni ze-biennial.
Unesilinganiso sokukhula esijwayelekile. Amaqabunga ahlukile, ama-pubescent amancane, aluhlaza-aluhlaza. Iqhakaza ngonyaka wesibili wezimbali eziphuzi, eqoqwe ngamabhasikidi.
Njengezimbali ze-dandelion, emva kokuqhakaza, ziphenduka imbewu eningi nge-parachute.
Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sika godson sisukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba. Izimbali ziphuzi, ubude buyi-6-8 mm, ububanzi buyi-5 mm, ifomu le-tubular, izimbali zomsongolo eSenecio azenzeki.
Isithombe
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya
Umthengisi itholakale kuphela emvelweni, sekuyisikhathi eside sekubona ukunambitheka kwabafaki bezimbali futhi uzizwa kahle emakhazeni ekhishi ekhaya kanye nezimbiza zembali.
Ukunakekela I-Klein ayinzima futhi ayidingi ulwazi olukhethekile, udinga nje ukulandela imithetho ethile yokuqukethwe.
Ukukhanyisa
USenecio uthanda ukukhanyisa okukhanyayokodwa akufanelekile ukuyigcina ekukhanyeni kwelanga isikhathi eside.
Ilanga lingashisa ukuze amaqabunga azophendulela aphuzi futhi aphephe.
Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, lesi sitshalo silahlekelwa ukubukeka kwayo okuhlobisa, amahlumela ayobe eningi kakhulu.
Ikamelo elimnyama kakhulu kubangela ukuvela kwamahlumela abuthakathaka namaqabunga, okuzofa maduzane.
Ukushisa
Le nkomba iyashintsha kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ehlobo izinga lokushisa lomoya ukunamathela kuyoba ngama-25 ° -30 ° C.
Kusukela ekwindla, izinga lokushisa emoyeni ekamelweni kufanele lihliswe kancane kancane, ngakho ebusika akudluli ku-15 ° C, kodwa awehli ngaphansi kwe-7 ° C. Ukushisa okuphakeme kakhulu kuholela ekugugeni okusheshayo kwesitshalo nokulahlekelwa kwamaqabunga.
Umswakama womoya
I-Senecio ayinaki isimo sezulu esomile futhi ibekezelela kalula. Ukuphalaza kwangaphandle noma omunye umswakama awudingi (ngaphandle kwezimo zokuvimbela izinambuzane).
Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuvikela isitshalo emifuleni eqondile yomoya oshisayo emithonjeni yokushisa.
Ukudubula
Ibhuku lomhlabathi lingenza ngaphandle kokusika izihlahla, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ukunikeza isitshalo ukubukeka okuhlobisa.
Ngokuvame ukutshelwa amahlumela avelele ehlathini.
Lokhu kwenziwa entwasahlobo, kuyilapho kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli, ukusika izidakamizwa kuzodala ukuhamba kancane kokukhula.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngefungus noma amabhaktheriya, emva kokudubula, ukusika kunconywa.
Isisombululo sokugcoba amalahle noma se-fungicide sifanelekile kule njongo.
Ukunisela
Ngakho-ke i-Krestovik ibhekisela kulabo abathandayo, bayakwazi ukubuthelela nokugcina umswakama isikhathi eside ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga neziqu.
Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, umswakama ngokweqile uvame ukugxila ezimpandeni futhi kuholele kokubola kwawo.
Ngaphambi kokuchelela udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba usomile ngempela.
Ukunisela Amanzi athambile ekamelweni lokushisa angcono kakhulu. Entwasahlobo nehlobo, ukuchelela kabili ngesonto kuyokwanele.
Kusukela ekwindla, imvamisa yokuphuza iyancipha kancane kancane, ukuze imise ngokuphelele ebusika.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isondlo sokudla Kumele kube ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Agasti, kanye njalo emva kwamasonto 3-4. Isetshenziswa umquba oxakile oqukethwe nge-nitrogen ephansi.
I-nitrogen eyengeziwe iyolimaza isitshalo. Umanyolo ovelele osetshenziselwa i-cacti nama-orchid.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kakhulu kunobangela ukuguga okusheshayo kwesicabucabu.
Ukuzala
Ukuzala kwe-senezio kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana:
I-Seminal. Ngokwenza njalo, ukubuyabuyelelwa kwembewu akuvame ukusetshenziswa, ngenxa yokuhluma kwembewu empofu. Kodwa uma imbewu ihlanzekile, khona-ke ungaba nomphumela othile.Ngemuva kokusabalalisa komfaniswano, kudingeka bahlanganiswe nesihlabathi namanzi kancane. Lapho izithombo zihluma, zifakelwa zibe izimbiza ezincane.
- Vegetative. Ukuze ukhiqize ngendlela yemifino, udinga ukuthatha ukudubula okuphezulu kwesitshalo (kufika ku-10 cm) bese ushiya ukuze usomile cishe usuku.
Hlanganisa inhlanganisela elungiselelwe yesihlabathi nomhlaba noma i-peat. Namanzi kancane bese ushiya ekamelweni elifudumele ngokukhanyisa okwanele.
- Ukukhiqizwa ngokubeka. Eceleni komuthi omdala kuyinto ebhodweni elincane eligcwele i-substrate.
Ama-crushers ayizintambo azikhetheli okunomsoco kakhulu, kepha azilahlekile. Udinga ukukhetha elinye lamahlumela aphansi, ulibeke ebhodweni, ulifake emhlabathini bese ulilungisa.
Lapho izimpande ziqalisiwe, isitshalo esizimele singahlukaniswa nomzali.
I-Seminal. Ngokwenza njalo, ukubuyabuyelelwa kwembewu akuvame ukusetshenziswa, ngenxa yokuhluma kwembewu empofu. Kodwa uma imbewu ihlanzekile, khona-ke ungaba nomphumela othile.Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngokuvamile, lokhu i-gray rot ne-powdery isikhutha. Ukuguquka kwenzeka uma umswakama wenhlabathi uphakeme, kukhona ukungabi nokukhanya noma ekamelweni elipholile kakhulu.
Izimpawu zesifo - izindawo ezomile nomngcele ophuzi.
Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, kuyadingeka ukwelapha isilwane esiluhlaza nge-oxide yethusi bese uqeda izimbangela zesifo.
Idonsa likaMealy izici ezimhlophe ziqhakaza emaqabeni ahlukahlukene kanye namahlumela esitshalo.
Ukwenyuka kwe-nitrogen okuqukethwe kudala ingozi yesifo.
Ukuze uphilise, zonke izifo ezigulayo kumele zisuswe, futhi yonke isitshalo iphathwa nge-basezol ngokulingana namanzi 1: 1.
Of izinambuzanengokuvamile evame ukwanda kwesibindi, kunezinhlobo ezintathu:
- isicabucabu
- i-aphid
- izimpethu ze-mealy.
Isibungu se-spider Iqala kuphela endaweni emile futhi efudumele. Ukuba khona kwayo kunqunywa ukubonakala kombukiso omncane ngaphakathi kwekhasi. Amaqabunga ngokwawo aphendukile.
Ngokuba ukubhujiswa komkhawulo Isitshalo kumele siphathwe nge-aktellikom. Uma kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka, udinga ukuvuselela umoya ekamelweni, uphinde uphese umhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele.
Aphid greenhouse Idla uketshezi lwamagqabi namahlumela, okwenza baphenduke baphuzi futhi bome. I-inflorescences ishintsha umbala, futhi amafihlekile angeke aqhakaze. Izindlela zokulawula zifana nokuphikisana nomkhaza.
I-Mealybugs (ama-citrus kanye nolwandle) ubeka amaqanda kumaqabunga e-senezio, futhi abantu abadala bayancelisa ijusi leqabunga. Ngokumelene nezinambuzane, ungabona isisombululo sephuzo noma isobho.
Uma kudingeka izinyathelo ezinkulu, khona-ke i-karbofos emulsion izokusiza.
Izindawo zokwelapha
Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, isitshalo sonke sisetshenziswa, ukuqoqwa kungenziwa lonke ihlobo. Utshani obomile kufanele kube emthunzini, kodwa ngokushayela umoya.
Izinto eziwusizo ezitholakala esitshalweni:
- i-ascorbic acid;
- senecifilin;
- i-alkaloids;
- i-rutin;
- i-sentionion;
- amaminerali amaminerali.
Emithi yokwelapha, iSenezio isetshenzisiwe kokubili ngaphandle nangokomlomo (ngaphakathi).
Amalungiselelo aqukethe lesi sitshalo asetshenziselwa ukuyeka ukuphuma nokuphulukiswa kwesilonda.
Uma isetshenziswe ngomlomo, amanani amancane we-decoctions kanye nama-tinctures ajabulela isimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi.
Kodwa uma izinga lidluliwe, umphumela uzoba ohlukile.
Izinto eziqukethwe ku-crusad zine-antispasmodic nokulimala okulimazayo, imiphumela ye-hypotensive ne-anti-inflammatory.
Futhi, i-ukania isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izilonda zamathumbu kanye nezidakamizwa, okusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphumeni kwangaphakathi.
Izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezithombeni ezifana nokuphathwa ngempumelelo:
- emathunjini amakhulu namancane;
- i-gallbladder.
Izindlela Zokusebenza
Ukuze ulungise ukumnika, uthele ithisipuni 1 yamakhambi omisiwe aqoshiwe ngengilazi yamanzi abilayo bese uvumele ukuba ufeze amahora amabili. Ukucindezela futhi uthele ukuthola ingilazi egcwele. Thatha izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla, isipuni esingu-1. Ukumnika ukuphumelela kuphumelele isifo se-peptic ulcer.
Ukwelashwa kwe-cholecystitis, i-colitis ne-asthma, ungenza ukuphuza utshwala.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-gramu ayi-10 wezinto zokusetshenziswa azithelela amagremu angu-40 kagwayi (70%) futhi afakwe emavikini amabili. Thatha izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku, amaconsi angu-30.
Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle i-gruel eyenziwe ngotshani omisiwe noma olusha oluhlanganiswe namafutha e-sunflower.
Izifo futhi uthi lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngesisekelo se-honeyberry:
- isifo sobindi nesifo sezinso;
- i-glaucoma;
- i-asidi ephansi yesisu;
- umfutho wegazi ophansi;
- ukukhulelwa
Lapho ukwanda kwezifo, amakhambi okwelapha angasetshenziswa kuphela njengokungeza ukwelashwa okuyinhloko.
Uma unikeza i-godson ukunakekelwa okufaneleyena kuyoba ukwengeza okukhulu kwezingaphakathi izakhiwo futhi kuzojabulisa iso. Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yokuqukethwe.
Labo abafisa ukusebenzisa isitshalo ngenhloso yokwelapha, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iSenecio isitshalo esinobuthi, kanti ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kuyadingeka ukuba uhambisane nezilinganiso ezifanele nezilinganiso.
