Izinhlobonhlobo ze-dessert yaseRussia Winter Beauty yimbangela yokuwela kwe-Red Delicious ne-Antonovka evamile.
I-hybrid yatholwa emasimini aseMoscow, ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Leli klasi linikezwa indawo yokuqala phakathi kokuhle kakhulu, ngoba ngezinzuzo eziningi, ukuhlukahluka akukona okuncane okusobala. Esihlokweni sethu sizonikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yomuthi we-apula we-Winter Beauty nemithetho yokukhulisa lokhu okuhlukahlukene.
Umlando wokuzala
Ubuhle bezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Winter ezihlobene nomqondo we-Apple ekhaya. Lokhu kubonakala kwavela ngenxa yemizamo yensimu yase-amateur E. M. Kamenderovsky. Wamukele ukubonga kwe-Winter Beauty ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-Red Delicious ne-Antonovka evamile.
Kodwa umsosayensi wasemuva wayengenakuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo umuthi we-apula phakathi kwabantu, ngakho-ke u-V. Suslov weza ukumsiza. Wanquma ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela ehlukahlukene kakhulu ye-apula emhlabeni. USuslov wayengusosayensi wezomnotho, kodwa lesi simo asizange sibe yisithiyo ekufuneni abalandeli phakathi kwababelethi. Le ndlela enameva kwakudingeka ihambe ngobuhle beBusika ngaphambi kokuthi ikwaziwa emibuthanweni eminingi yabalimi. Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula Ubumnandi bobuhle babuthandwa abaningi.
Kulezi zifunda, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zikhulile ngempumelelo: i-Orlik, i-safari yasePepin, indodakazi kaMelba, iJubilee yaseMoscow noMarat Busurin.
Izithombe ze-apula izihlahla Winter Beauty
Hlola izithombe zezinhlobo ze-apula ubuhle bebusika:
Izinzuzo kanye nokuziqhenya kwamadijithali amateur ukubuyekezwa
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinezithelo ezinkulu. Usayizi wabo ufanelekela ngaphezu kokulinganisa, okukhulu.
I-apula eyodwa ingafinyelela ku-200 g. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, isithelo esisodwa singafinyelela 400 g.
Ngokuvamile lokhu kuhlukahluka kusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-jam ne-jam., i-apula iwayini (cider). Konke lokhu kubonga ukunambitheka okuhlukile. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko, ngokusho kwezakhamuzi zasehlobo kanye nabalimi, yizincazelo ezilandelayo zalolu hlobo:
- ama-apula amakhulu futhi anamanzi, okungajwayelekile ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika;
- Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zibhekana neziqhwaga ezinzima;
- Izithelo zisetshenziselwa ukulondoloza nokudala iwayini;
- kuye ngokuthi ukunakekelwa nokudla lezi zinhlobonhlobo kunezinhlobonhlobo zokunambitheka;
- izithelo zibukeka kahle.
Ukuze ukulungiswa kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-cider nabo basebenzisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo: iPapirovka, Orlovim, ihlobo legolide, i-Anis.
Lezi yizibuyekezo ezinhle mayelana nalezi zihlukahlukene kusuka kubalimi abanolwazi. Impendulo kuphela abaye bayiphawula isekelwe isitoreji. Yize lezi zihlobo zasebusika, izithelo zobuhle beBusika azigcini kahle kakhulu. Emabhokisini enkuni nasemakamelweni owomile, ama-apula angalalisa kuze kube nguJanuwari.
Ngemuva kwaloko, amafomu okubola omile phezu kwekhasi, ekubhubhiseni ngokuphelele izithelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-apula agcinwa efrijini, lapho akwazi khona ukuqamba amanga kuze kube ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli.
Izimpawu kanye nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
Lesi sihlahla se-apula singe-layer yangaphakathi. Ikhula kuze kube ngamamitha angu-5-6. Umqhele unomumo ohlotshaniswe ne-conic, amagatsha aphikisayo, aphakathi. Amagatsha amakhulu amahlumela akhule e-angle engama-degrees angu-60 kuya esihlahleni, uhlukile weze.
Ukuthela
Izithelo zohlobo lwe-apula le-Winter Beauty zivuthwe ngasikhathi sinye, ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba (cishe izinombolo ezingu-25). Isikhathi sabathengi siqala ngokushesha ngemva kokususwa esihlahleni. Izithelo zinejamo elungile, isisindo sawo singama-gramu angu-200.
Umbala oyinhloko wesithelo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umbala wokumboza - ukuhlunga okubomvu okwesibhakabhaka. Kutholakala kuningi lezithelo noma ngaphesheya kwayo. Esikhumbeni akuwona amaphuzu angaphansi okubonakalayo. Inyama yama-apula ihlelwe kahle, i-snow-white, isibalo sabantu abavamile, ama-juicy, ama-prickly. Iphunga elilinganiselwe ukulinganisa. Ukudla kuyamnandi, kumnandi futhi kumuncu.
Ngomuthi owodwa, isivuno singathola u-150 kg wezithelo. Ukukhiqiza kungaphezu kwesilinganiso. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-skoroplodnym ehlukahlukene, izithelo ezivela eminyakeni engama-4-5 emva kokutshala. Ngezinga eliphansi, imvamisa yefruiting ingavela.
Izitshalo eziphezulu nazo ziboniswa: i-Orlovskoye Polesye, i-Veteran, i-Kuibyshevsky, u-Vityaz noMarat Busurin.
Ukuphila kwesihlahla sekuyiminyaka engama-50. Futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele, isikhathi sokulinywa nokuphila isikhathi sifike eminyakeni engu-70.
Ubumnandi be-Winter Beautying
Ngakho-ke umuthi we-apula washeshe wahlala phansi futhi akazange aphethwe izifo, ukwehla kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla, ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, ijusi cishe liyeka ukujikeleza emithini, okwenza kube lula ukudlulisa amakhaza ngokuvamile:
- Ukupakisha akufanele kungcwatshwe ngokujulile. Intamo yentambo (ukuguqulwa kwezimpande kwisiqu) kufanele ibe 5-7 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
- Ukukhula kwezitshalo kudinga ukulungiswa komhlaba. Ihlanganisa izigaba eziningana:
- ukumba umgodi we-cubic ngobukhulu buka-60x60x60 cm;
- Ama-humus amahhashi noma umlotha onama-peat kufanele abekwe phansi;
- konke uthele amanzi;
- Umquba uchithelwa ngendwangu encane yomhlabathi;
- kulandelwa uhlaka lweshlabathi.
- Izithombo ziyathunyelwa emgodini, izimpande kufanele ziqondane ngokulinganayo, bese zifafaza umhlaba.
Ukunakekela
Ukondla Ubuhle Busika kuyadingeka entwasahlobo nasekwindla enezinhlobo ezehlukene zomquba ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen. Uma umhlaba ucebile izakhi, ke ukudla okuvamile akudingeki. Uma inhlabathi ingumhlabathi, imanyolo iyadingeka minyaka yonke.
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokuduka, ama-80-100% wezimbali kufanele aqedwe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuphila lomuthi. Okulandelayo udinga ukunquma isitshalo sesitshalo esisahlaza (isithelo esisodwa nje).
Ukunisela kwenziwa izikhathi 4-5 ngenyanga ngebhakede lamanzi elilodwa ngomuthi omdala ongu-1, izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchelela okuhle ngoJulayi no-Agasti. Qedela ukuchelela ngo-Agasti, kungenjalo kukhona ukukhula okwesikhashana kwamahlumela, okuba nomthelela omubi ebusweni bebusika.
Lesi sihlahla se-apula singamelana nesithwathwa, kodwa ukuze sisindise isitshalo kusuka emaqabungeni asebusika kanye nobusika obunqamule, kubalulekile ukuwugubha nge-humus yamahhashi eduze kwesiyingi somuthi, ukugoqa isiqu ngezinto ezikhethekile zokukhosela noma izintambo ze-nylon. Amathayi kaKapron noma inetha elikhethekile lokusetshenziswa kwezinyosi lisetshenziselwa ukulwa nezinhlamvu nezinsebe.
Ukuphikisana nesithwathwa nakho kungabonga izinhlobo: Arkadik, Aport red red, Lada, Jubile yaseMoscow naseMoscow Late.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula engxenyeni yombuthano wesondo. Azikho izitshalo okufanele zikhule kuwo, kufanele zisuswe ukhula, zikhululiwe.
Ukusebenza kwe-Apple
Entwasahlobo emva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuphatha amagxolo omuthi nge-lime ingxube, okuzosabisa izinambuzane. Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala, umqhele uphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze uhlabe. Ngemuva kokuvela kwama-ovaries we-inflorescences, umuthi uphathwa ngezindlela zokulahla izinambuzane. Ukucubungula njalo kuyadingeka futhi emva kokuvela kwezithelo zokuqala.
Ukudubula
Isici esibalulekile sokunakekelwa kwesihlahla ukusika izihlahla. Akukuvumeli kuphela ukulungisa isivuno, ubukhulu besithelo, kodwa futhi nokulwa nezifo:
- lapho utshalwa, amagatsha esitfombe anqunywa ku-1/3. Lokhu kuzoqala uphawu lomqhele ngokushesha;
- ukusika izihlahla zenziwa njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinso;
- lapho kusetshenzwa izihlahla ngokugcwele, ukusika kuyenziwe eduze kwesisekelo, akusikho iziqu ezisele;
- amagatsha anezithelo, ehla emhlabathini, udinga ukuhlanza.
Ukucutshungulwa kuyadingeka njalo ngonyaka ukwandisa izivuno. futhi kuvimbele ukutholakala kwezinambuzane nezifo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Isihlahla se-Apple ubuhle Ubusika bumnandi bukhulu kakhulu futhi buphikisana nezifo. Akuvamile ukuphuza i-powdery isikhutha, ukulimala okuphuzile nokuhlasela kwe-aphid. Iyanamathela esikalini (okungavamile ukuthinteka yi-fungus) kanye neqhwa phansi kuya ku--34 degrees.
Ukuze uvikele izilokazane entwasahlobo, isiqu se-apple sihlanjululwa ngodaka, kanti ebusika, isiqu kufanele sigqoke nge-nylon pantyhose noma inetha elikhethekile kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwezinyosi.
Siyakwamukela imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezinambuzane ezihlahleni ze-apula ezihlokweni ezikhethekile zesayithi: ama-silkworms, i-hawthorn, i-codling moth, izithelo ze-sapwood, i-apple moth.
Isiphetho
Uma wena, uma ufunde incazelo yezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-apula izihlahla Winter Beauty, ufuna ukutshala lesi sihlahla endlini yakho, ngakho kufanele wazi ukuthi ngokukhethwa okulungile kwe-sapling, kanye nokucabangela zonke izidingo, ukutshala akuthathi isikhathi esiningi. Futhi ukulungisa izihlahla ezifanele, ukunakekelwa nokudla komuthi kuzokukwenza kube namandla, njalo unikele izithelo ezihlwabusayo futhi ezinhle.
