I-Orchid - enye yezitshalo ezingavamile kakhulu zezimbali zasekhaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalimi abaningi bathi yi-Cattleya Orchid okuyinto enhle kakhulu futhi elula ukunakekela.
Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela yokunakekela isitshalo ekhaya, izindlela zokukhiqiza, kanye nezinambuzane nezifo ezingathinta ubuhle obushisayo.
Incazelo eningiliziwe
Izinkomo - enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-orchids. Izimbali zinezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezincane kakhulu kuya ezinkulu, futhi umbala wazo uhluka kusuka emhlophe kuya kumnyama omnyama. Zine-okuthiwa "lip", ehlukile embala kusuka emakhaleni embali. Ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa nephunga elimangalisayo.
Ezimweni zezitolo ungathenga i-hybrid Cattley, okuyinto ngokujwayelekile ihlukaniswe yaba entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Lesi sigaba sincike esikhathini sokuvuna sesitshalo. Futhi, izinhlobo ze-orchid ezingxubevange zijwayele ukulungiswa.
Ezitolo zama-flower ungathenga i-hybrid Cattleyas, ejwayelekile ngokuhlukaniswa ibe yintwasahlobo nekwindla. Lesi sigaba sincike esikhathini sokuvuna sesitshalo. Futhi, izinhlobo ze-orchid ezingxubevange zijwayele ukulungiswa.
Indawo yasekhaya yezinkomo yiNingizimu neSentral America. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, i-flower yaqala ukutholwa yizizwe zaseYurophu futhi yathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha. Ezindaweni eziphilayo kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-65 zalezi zinhlobo. Lokhu kubhekisela ku-epiphytic, ngoba iningi likhula phezu kwemithi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi litholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Kusuka kuvidiyo ungabona incazelo ye-Cattleya orchid:
Umlando we
Imfuyo iyisitshalo nje esishisayo. Lezi zimbali zikhula emvelweni emadwaleni nasemithini. Izimbali zazo ezivame kakhulu zigcina isikhathi eside. Ngasekugcineni kwe-XIX - ikhulu lama-XX leminyaka yokuqala, amaconsi amakhulu amakhulu aqala ukukhula ngamandla ukuze ahlobise ama-corsages wezehlakalo ze-ballroom nezokuhlwa. Lesi siko sisaphila, ikakhulukazi e-United States.
Leli gama labizwa ngokuthi uWater Catley, umnikazi weqoqo lokuqala le-orchid e-England. Nguye owathi, ngo-1818, waphawula okokuqala i-Cattleya labiata (i-Cattleya labiata) - i-orchid eyaba yikhombisi ye-"orchid fever" emhlabeni we-horticultural.
Izikhumbuzi nezithombe zabo
Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-65 zezilwane zemfuyo emvelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lezitshalo ze-hybride liye labonakala: kokubili izinhlobo ze-interspecific nezinhlobo ezihlobene. Phakathi kwazo kungatholakala njengezinhlobo ezincane, ubukhulu bawo obungadluli amamitha ambalwa, kanye nezitshalo ezinezimbali ezinkulu nemibala ehlukene. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana ne-pallet yezinkomo zemvelo, ngaphandle kwe-blue and white blue.
Ezinkulungwaneni zezinhlobo ezikhona, sibhala kuphela odume kakhulu.
I-Bicolor
Inombala ogqamile we-purple lip namaphilisi abomvu obomvu. Ikhula kuze kube ngu-60 cm ukuphakama.
Bowring izinkomo
Ukuphakama kwe-stem kungafinyelela ku-70 cm ubude, futhi ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ukukhula akudluli ku-35 cm. Umbala obomvana uhlukile obala ophuzi obomvu kuya kwezindebe ezibomvu.
Izinkomo ze-forbesii
Isitshalo esincane esikhula eBrazil. Akukhuli ngaphezu kwe-20 cm. Izimbali zincane, zinombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge pink pink noma white lip.
Imfuyo labiata
Efanelwe izimbali ze-wavy ze-pink noma izimbali ezibomvu ezine-lip eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enendawo ephuzi. Izimbali zikhulu kakhulu - kufika ku-20 cm ububanzi.
Imfuyo Varshevicha noma i-Giant
Izinkomo zezintaba zaseColombia. It has a stem enkulu (ingafinyelela 25 cm ububanzi) ngezimbali ezimnandi. Umbala unombala omhlophe noma omhlophe-obomvana onombala omkhulu we-wavy wombala ophuzi nebala eliphuzi.
Amathiphu okuNakekela ekhaya
Ukulungiswa komhlaba nokumbiza
I-standard standard ye-Cattley iyigxolo elihlanzekile ngaphandle kwezinhlanganisela. Kodwa ukuze wenze inhlabathi ibe yande kakhulu futhi ihlale iqinile, ungangeza izingxenye ezengeziwe. Lokhu kungaba: i-sphagnum moss, amalahle noma i-peat. Okufanelekile kuloluhlobo lwe-orchid kungaba yimbiza elibala elingalutholi ukukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babe nokubonakala okukhangayo nokuhlelekayo, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zeziqukathi ezinjengalezi, ungakhetha okuhambisana nesinkwa sakho nosayizi.
Ukushisa
Imfuyo iyisitshalo esinothando lokushisa, ikakhulukazi phakathi nenkathi yezimbali. Iningi lonyaka, okungukuthi kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, ukushisa okudingekayo kwembali kuyinto + 22 ... +25 degrees phakathi nosuku no-17 ... amazinga angama-250 ebusuku. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni kufanele libe ngu-16-18 degrees. Ezinye zezinhlobo zezinkomo zingakwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa ngisho nangaphansi, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi sezimbali. Ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwezimbali eziningi akunconywa ukuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande.
Umswakama
Umswakama kufanele ube ngaphezu kwesilinganiso. Ukuze izinkomo, ukupomfaza ngamanzi ahleliwe ekamelweni lokushisa kuyasiza. Yenza le nqubo ngcono ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ikakhulu ehlobo.
Izibani zokukhanyisa
Njengazo zonke izitshalo ezishisayo, ama-orchid athanda ukukhanya okukhulu. Izitshalo ezindala zingasebenzisa amahora amaningana ngosuku ngelanga eliqondile, ngaphandle kokushiswa, ngaphandle kwekhefu lokudla kwasemini, lapho ilanga lisebenza ngokukhethekile. Thola ukuthi isidingo sama-orchid ekukhanyeni singaba esimweni samaqabunga.
Ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okujwayelekile, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogcwele kahle, uma zishisa, ziba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi uma kungekho ilanga, amaqabunga awo avuselelwa ngombala omnyama oluhlaza. Ebusika, lapho ukukhanya kwemvelo kunganele, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo, njengezibani ze-fluorescent.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kwe-orchid kwenzeka lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-substrate loma. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba awumile ngokuphelele, ngoba ungabangela ukulibaziseka kwezimbali. Amanzi akufanele asetshenziswe ekamelweni lokushisa.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuza i-Cattley ukucwilisa ibhodlela emgodini wamanzi amahora angu-5-10. Ngaphezu kwalendlela, futhi ikakhulukazi ekamelweni elizungezile, ungasebenzisa ama-humidifiers noma izimbiza zendawo kulesi sitsha nge-claydite emanzi. Uma ukuchelela, kubalulekile ukucabangela isikhathi sokukhula se-orchid, uma sekuyisikhathi sokuqhakaza - bese ukuchelela kufanele kube nokuningi, kuyilapho kuphumula - kulinganise.
Amanzi ngenkathi yokuchelela akufanele awe phezu kwefihlekile nombala obala, amaqabunga kufanele ahlanzwe futhi aphuculwe, kungcono ukwenza izindwangu ezikhethekile zama-orchid.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukondla izinkomo kudinga:
- Phakathi nokukhula kwe-pseudobulb.
- Lapho i-spike flower ikhula.
- Lapho i-orchid ikhula, umanyolo awusasetshenzisiwe.
Izitshalo kufanele zikhetheke ama-orchid, futhi ikakhulukazi unakekele ukwakheka kwawo. Ukuze kutholakale izinkomo, ukubunjwa okuphezulu kokugqoka nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium Kunconywa.
Ukufakelwa
I-Kattleya ayithandi futhi ayibekezeli ukufakelwa kwesitshalo, kodwa kufanele yenziwe kanye ngonyaka. Esinye sezimbangela ezinkulu zokufakelwa kwesitshalo yi-oxidation yenhlabathi. Into enzima kunazo zonke ongayithola uma izimpande zesitshalo zikhuphuka embizeni. Lokhu kungaba inkinga ngokukhethekile uma imbali isivele ikhule futhi uhlelo lwempande lukhule kakhulu. Uma i-orchid ikhula embizeni yemifino eguquguqukayo, kufanele ihambe kancane emaceleni ahlukene, bese isuswa ngokucophelela.
Uma kwenzeka isitsha sinzima, udinga ukufaka ithuluzi, isibonelo ummese, ungene esitokisini bese uzama ukuyijika ibe yisitsha kuze kube lula ukuyivala emadongeni. Ngemuva kokukhipha i-orchid, kubalulekile ukuhlanza izimpande ze-substrate esetshenzisiwe.
- Ukwenza kube lula, udinga ukufaka imbali emanzini afudumele imizuzu engu-15-20.
- Khona-ke sihlanza izimpande: sibamba emanzini ngesandla esisodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo sisusa izimpande eziboshwe ezihlangothini eziphambene.
- Uma kunezimpande ezibolile noma ezomile ohlelweni lwempande, kufanele zihlungwe ngokucophelela ngamathuluzi oyinyumba bese zixiliswa nge-disinfected ngokusikeka kwazo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini entsha, lesi sitshalo kumele somiswe. Ehlobo kuhle ukusebenzisa i-balcony noma i-gazebo.
Kuvidiyo ungabona indlela yokutshala kahle imfuyo:
Indlela yokukhiqiza?
Isitshalo sanda ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, kokuba okungenani ama-8-10 ama-bulb.
- Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuzalanisa, udinga ukulungisa imbiza entsha nokusekela isitshalo. Ibhodlela le-substrate kumele lifakwe esitsheni ngamanzi afudumele okwesikhashana.
- Emva kwalokho, udinga ukuhlanza izimpande zezimpande ezilimele kanye nama-bulb.
- Qaphela ngokucophelela i-shrub ibe yizikhonkwane, ukhumbula ukuthi okungenani i-Budget eyodwa, izimpande eziningana kanye okungenani ama-bulb amathathu kudingeka kwenye kanye nengxenye. Amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamahlathi kufanele ahlolwe ukuze avimbele izifo.
- Isenzo sokugcina ukubeka izimpande ezitholakale ezimbizeni ezahlukene.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane zingathinta i-orchid yaseKatlei.
Phakathi kwabo kukhona:
- Nciphisa kanye nesicabucabu avele uma kwenzeka ukoma okuphezulu kwesikhala esiseduze. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka yizi zinambuzane, udinga ukugcina umswakama obalulekile.
- Shchitovka kungasuka ezihlotsheni ezivele zithathelelekile futhi kuboniswe njengamamaki amnyama emaqabunga. Izindawo ezithintekile zihlanzwa ngezinambuzane.
- I-Mealybug ne-Aphid kubonakala emoyeni owomile. Kususiwe ngezinambuzane noma isobho nesisombululo se-alkali.
- I-fly fly ibonakala njengamabala aphuzi futhi amhlophe emaqabunga futhi eholela ekufeni kwabo. Yilahle ngokugubha ngesisombululo sesepha.
Manje uyakwazi ukunakekela izinkomo ekhaya. Ukunakekelwa kwe-orchid kubalulekile. Ngezandla ezihlakaniphile, le mbali izonikeza ubuhle obungenakulibaleka futhi kuyoba iparele leqoqo lezimbali ekhaya.
