Esikhathini sokulima okulimazayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza okwedlulele kuyindlela eyamukelekayo kakhulu yokukhula kwezitshalo ezithisa ukushisa. Utamatisi, enye yezitshalo, isivuno esiphezulu esingatholakala kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo.
Ukusebenzisa izithombo zokugcina ezilula kukuvumela ukuba uthole izithelo zokuqala utamatisi ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utamatisi esitsheni sokushisa uveza isivuno izikhathi eziningi. Kunalokho lapho ikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ibuye isetshenziswe isikhathi sokunikezwa kwemifino ehlutshiwe ehlathini. Nakuba, lapho utshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, kubalulekile ukukhipha izithelo ezingavuthiwe, ezithinta ukunambitheka kwazo.
Izinhlobo zokushisa
Ukukhula utamatisi ngaphansi kwekhava kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo ze-hybrid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe ezinhlotsheni ezinjalo ukubeka umkhawulo ukukhula. Izinhlobo kufanele zibe medium and undersized. Kuzo zokugcina izithombo, kunconywa ukutshala ama-hybrids kuphela, ngoba ziphikisana nezifo futhi zingathinteki kakhulu izinambuzane.
Othandwa kakhulu futhi uphumelele ekukhuleni ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ngokusho balimi abanolwazi yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Samara - utamatisi uhlobo lwesibindi sokubunjwa kwezithelo. Izithelo zifika ku-90 gr., I-Smooth, efanelekayo kokumakhansela.
- U-drop drop - ushukela ebangeni, umbala ophuzi.
- I-Labrador - mfushane, izithelo 50-60 gr., hhayi izinyathelo. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyakwazi ukubopha izithelo ngisho nezimo ezimbi.
- I-Talalikhin 186 - izithelo ezizungezile, kufika ku-100 gr., ubude obude. Ukungahleleki kwezinhlobonhlobo akulona ukumelana nokulimala okuphelile.
- Unyaka omusha - izithelo ziphuzi, zinkulu, ezifanele ukugcina isikhathi eside. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo, isivuno esihlukene somngani wezitshalo.
- Usayizi waseRashiya - isaladi, izithelo ezibomvu kuze kube ngu-500g. Bush srednerosly, ukumelana nezifo.
Ukukhula
Ukutshala izithombo zotamatisi
Ikhwalithi yesithombo - ingxenye yempumelelo ekutholeni isivuno esihle sotamatisi.
Ukuze uhlwanyele, lungiselela amabhokisi, uwagcwalise ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi eyinzalo. Ukuxuba okulungiselelwe okulungele ukulungiselela utamatisi.
Noma i-substrate yezingxenye ezine zezwe le-sod nezingxenye ezimbili zesanti.
Ukwandisa inani lokudla okunomsoco, isikhuni esincane sokhuni siyanezelwa engxenyeni (10 l. I-Glass).
Imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela Kungcono ukuhluma ngezicubu ezimanzi. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5, ziyavuvukala, futhi zingafakwa emhlabathini. Yiba nembewu kufanele kube nzima ngokwanele, ngoba akukho isiqinisekiso sokuthi bonke bazohluma. Spread imbewu phezu komhlaba, ufafaze nge ungqimba inhlabathi ka 1.5-2 cm, ukumboza ibhokisi nge ifilimu. Ukuhluma kufanele kwenziwe ekushiseni kwama-22-25 degrees, endaweni ekhanyayo.
KUBALULEKILE! Qinisekisa ukuthi ilanga aliwi ebhokisini, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu iyovele ibilise, futhi ngeke ulinde amahlumela.
Uma nje amahlumela okuqala evela, ifilimu kufanele isuswe, futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lihlehliswe kuma-degree angu-18-20 ukuze izitshalo zingaboni. Lapho utamatisi enamaqabunga angempela, isithombo swoops kude 8-10 cm kusuka komunye nomunye.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Ama-karoti, anyanisi, ukhukhamba, kanye ne-zucchini kungaba yizimbangi zamatamatisi esakhiweni.
KUBALULEKILE! Awukwazi ukutshala endaweni lapho bakhula khona amazambane, pepper.
Futhi akunjalo Kunconywa ukutshala utamatisi endaweni efanayo okuyinto bakhula ngenkathi yokugcina. Umhlabathi kule ndawo usuphelile, njengoba utamatisi akhulile lapho, wakhipha amaminerali adingekayo.
Uma indlu yakho yokushisa iphathekayo, cabanga ngalesi simo. Endaweni yokushisa emile, inhlabathi kufanele ithathelwe indawo. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, enokuqukethwe okwanele kwesanti noma i-peat. Udinga futhi ukwenza i-humus ebolile kahle. Kodwa ungangeze kakhulu, kuzoholela ekukhuleni kwamaqabunga.
KUBALULEKILE! Ungafaki imibhede ngaphansi kwetamatisi ngefriji entsha. Izimpande zalezi zizoshisa, futhi izithelo ngeke ziboshwe.
Kubuye kubalulekile ukugcina ubuningi bomhlabathi, ukunciphisa ngokusebenzisa ufulawa wama dolomite noma i-lime ekhanda.
Ukutshala izithombo
Ngaphambi kokuba ubeke umquba wezotamatisi endaweni ehlala njalo endaweni yokushisa, kufanele ube nomoya ophansi, ojwayele ilanga.
Uma utshala izitshalo ezingakalungi emhlabathini, zizoqala ukuthenga, zishise phansi kwelanga, futhi zingase zife.
Inqubo ekhuni iqala ngenkathi ebandayo, ngosizo lwezimoto ezivulekile.
Ungathatha amabhokisi ensimu ebhodini ukuze ijwayele ukushisa okuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini kuyadingeka ukunciphisa imvamisa yokutshala izithombo.
Lapho sekuqala izinsuku ezifudumele, phuma amabhokisi wezithombo emgwaqweni bese ubeka endaweni evikelekile emoyeni naselanga. Ungavumeli ilanga phezu kwezithombo, ikakhulukazi ngesonto lokuqala. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu, faka amabhokisi endaweni yokushisa ukuze izitshalo zijwayele izimo zayo. Ifilimu noma uhlaka phakathi nosuku lokuvula.
Lapho nje usongo lweqhwa seludlulile, utamatisi atshalwe endaweni yokushisa. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi no-May.
Utamatisi amahlumela atshalwe ibanga lika-35-40 cm kusuka komunye nomunye, ukuhlukanisa umugqa - 50-60 cm. Uma amahlathi elula, ungawafaka emthambekeni, onomqhele ohlangothini olusenyakatho. Njengoba sesijwayele, isihlahla sizokhuphukela eningizimu, futhi sizokwenza uhlelo oluqinile lwempande.
Emva kokutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa, bayanisela futhi umhlabathi uhambelana ukuze ungenzi i-crust. Ngemuva kwesonto emva kokutshala, izitshalo ziphathwa ngesifo ngokubhebhethekisa.
Senza ukushisa okushisa
Ukwenza utamatisi ngezandla zakho akulona nzima kakhulu. Ungakha i-greenhouse evela ezintweni eziningi. Izinketho ezimbalwa ezilula zokutshala utamatisi wokushisa Kusukela esithombeni sizocubungula:
Gcina ukushisa kwamapayipi
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukushisa okunjalo zingamapayipi epulasitiki. Kuzo zakha uhlobo lomhubhe ensimini. Kunconywa ukuba nensimu ekuqondeni entshonalanga-empumalanga. Amapayipi (noma izinduku zensimbi) anamathele emhlabathini ebangeni elingama-60-80 cm komunye nomunye. Okuphezulu okumbozwe ngefilimu yepulasitiki noma impahla engeke yenziwe. Ingcenye yezinto zokugqoka ihlelwe yizinto ezinzima. Lolu hlobo lokushisa oluhlaza lufanelekile utamatisi obuncane.
Ukushisa for utamatisi kusuka ozimele zakudala
Isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamafreyimu asetshenziswe asetshenziselwe, abekwe esitezi sokhuni. Nquma ubude nobubanzi besakhiwo bese wenza isisekelo se-greenhouse, ukushayela izikhonkwane phansi emhlabathini. Faka izikhonkwane ngentambo bese ubeka isisekelo sezitini, ziboshwe ngesinamende emgqeni. Esikhathini esisekelweni senziwe isigxobo sezinkuni sobude obufunayo. Inombolo yemigqa yamapulangwe inqunywa ukuphakama kwe-greenhouse. Akunconywa ukwenza i-greenhouse ngaphezulu kuka-1.2 wamamitha ukuphakama. Amafreyimu ahlaselwa ngakunye uhlangothi lwaloluhlaka, ukuze bakwazi ukuvuleka phezulu.
Enye inguqulo ye-greenhouse elula futhi engabizi kakhulu kusuka kuzimele ezindala ongayibona kule vidiyo:
Ukushisa ngaphansi kwetamatisi ehlanganiswe ne-foil
Ngoba lokhu kuklanywa kwenziwa ngamapulangwe enkuni ehlanganiswe nefilimu. Kuzofuneka izingqimba ezine ezizindongeni eziseceleni kanye noyedwa noma ezimbili ukuze ubeke phezulu. Ubukhulu bamafreyimu buxhomeke kubukhulu besamba sokushisa okuhleliwe.
Ukunakekela
Kunemithetho eminingana elula yokutshala utamatisi endaweni yokushisa. Kusukela ekunakekeleni okulungile kwetamatisi kuxhomeke enani lezithelo ezikhishwe ezihlahleni. Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kunezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Ukunisela kanye nomanyolo
Amanzi utamatisi kufanele kube ngokulinganayo, ngoba umswakama ngokweqile ku-greenhouse kuzoholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo. Amanzi ngenkathi yokuchelela kufanele afinyelele ezimpandeni, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ezinyathelweni eziningana, kulindeleke ukuba uketshezi lufakwe. Faka isicelo sokugqoka phezulu utamatisi izimila ezikhethekile eziyinkimbinkimbi.
KUBALULEKILE! Ungadli utamatisi ammonium nitrate. Ukusuka okunjalo kuzokuqala ukwanda okukhulu kwamahlamvu, kanti izithelo ngeke zakhiwe.
Masking (ukunquma)
Izitshalo ezinamathambo ezincane ezitshalo ezibamba ukushisa ziphazamisa ukwakhiwa kwezithelo kuzo, ngakho-ke iziqu ezengeziwe zisusiwe kubo. Amagatsha angaphansi aphuma esitokisini (izingane zokutholwa) asuswa nge-secator. Ezinye izinhlobo kufanele futhi ziqede phezulu.ukuze izihlahla zingaboni. Lezi zindlela zisiza izitshalo ukuba zenze inani elanele lezithelo, futhi zingasebenzisi amandla ekukhuleni kweqabunga.
Ibhande le-Garter
Ukuze izihlahla zingangeni ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo, ziboshiwe emaphethini anamathele ku-20 cm ukusuka ku-stem emhlabathini.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokugada kahle. Into eyinhloko akumele ukhohlwe ukuthi intambo kufanele ibe buthambile futhi ingalimazi amahlumela amancane.
Ukulima nokukhuphula
Izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi, utamatisi ku-greenhouse kufanele akhululwe futhi ahlume. Ukukhululeka kunikeza ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni, kanye ne-hilling kusiza ukwakha izimpande ezengeziwe kwisiqu.
Ukuvimbela izifo
Kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-20 inqubo yezitamatisi amalungiselelo ethusi ukuvikela ngokumelene nokulimala okuphelile.
Ukukhuthazwa kwesakhiwo sezithelo
Kukhona amalungiselelo akhethekile yokwandisa ukwakhiwa kwama-ovari kumatamatisi. Hlanganisa lezi zitshalo phakathi nezimbali. Ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-boric acid 1g. ilitha ngalinye.
Ukushayela umoya
Utamatisi awuthandi umswakama nokushisa ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-30Ngakho-ke, i-greenhouse kufanele ivuliwe kancane kusukela ekupheleni noma amafomu kufanele aphakanyiswe. Lapho sishisa isimo sezulu esishisayo, indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa ngokuphelele, ihlanganise utamatisi kuphela ebusuku.
Uma iqhwa livela
Uma usongo lwe-frost ebusuku lwenzeka, utamatisi udinga ukushisa okwenziwe ukushisa okwengeziwe. Ukufudumala ngesikhathi sokupholisa ebusuku, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ama-biofuels. Lokhu kubandakanya imikhiqizo yezitshalo nezilwane ezikhiqiza ukushisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Umbhede ofudumele ubeka endaweni yokushisa ngokusizwa umquba, amahlamvu, utshani. Zonke izingxenye zixubene, futhi zigcinwe embhedeni ngaphansi komcabango womhlaba. Ingxube ingcwatshwa ekujuleni kwe-50 cm, ungqimba lomhlaba uchithelwa kusuka phezulu, u-30-35 cm high. Ukushisa kukhiqizwa embhedeni onjalo ngezinsuku ezingu 60-70.
- Ukushisa kwamanzi. Ngaphansi komkhathi we-greenhouse ungafaka amabhodlela epulasitiki agcwele amanzi. Amanzi atshisa emini futhi akhiqize ukushisa ebusuku.
Uma nje umboza i-greenhouse ngefilimu ngobusuku obubodwa, ukushisa kwamanzi kuzogcina izinga lokushisa kuze kube sekuseni futhi utamatisi wakho ngeke ubambe iqhwa.
- Ukushisa ukuchelela. Uma kukhona usongo lokupholisa ebusuku, ungasebenzisa indlela yokushisa yokuphuza.
Inhlabathi evuthayo ntambama endaweni yokushisa ithela amanzi kusihlwa futhi ivalwe ngokushesha ngefilimu. Ukushisa okukhishwe ngesikhathi sokunisela kuyosindisa izitshalo, njengoba izinga lokushisa phakathi kwe-greenhouse lizoqhubeka kuze kube sekuseni.
Ukothula utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa kuyinkqubo edinga ukunamathela eminye imithetho. Ukuthobela okuqinile kuphela kuzokuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esicebile kusayithi lakho.
