Okuthakazelisa kunazo zonke ngemifula "engapheli": incazelo, izithombe nezincomo zokutshala nokunakekela ibhalsamuki yensimu

Ibhalsamu yaseJalimane - omunye wabamele abakhulu kakhulu bezitshalo. Ekhanyayo, enemibalabala, engathobekile, yaba umhlobiso omuhle wezindawo eziningi zomhlaba.

Lesi sitshalo asikhiphi kumnikazi wayo isikhathi esiningi nomzamo, uma wazi izidingo ezilula nemithetho yokunakekelwa.

Mayelana nabo kuzochazwa ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko. Uzofunda futhi ngemvelaphi yalesi sitshalo nezinhlobo zayo eziyinhloko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyoba nezithombe zalesi simbali esihle, ngakho ungajabulela ubuhle bayo.

Incazelo ye-botanical

Ibhalsamu yaseJalimane - imbali enotshani, ummeleli we-genus Impatiens. Uma uhumusha le mbali ngesiLatin, uthola "ukubekezela". Njengomthetho, iqhuma ehlobo kuze ku-Agasti, lapho izithelo zivela. Amabhokisi ezithelo aphikisiwe lapho eqhakaza, kanti imbewu encane iyawa phansi. Baxhuma ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuya kumamitha amabili ububanzi.

I-Balsam yaseJalimane isitshalo esinobuthiLokhu kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ngabe izingane zidlala kaningi emhlabathini futhi izilwane zigijima nxazonke.

Umlando we

Le mbali yalethwa eYurophu ngekhulu le-16. Wahlala emahlathini ashisayo e-Afrika, ngasogwini lwaso olusempumalanga. Futhi, lesi sitshalo singatholakala eNdiya, eNgilandi nase-Ukraine. Ekuqaleni, izinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa ikakhulukazi ezitshalwe izimbiza zazivame kakhulu.

Kamuva, abantu bajwayelene nezinhlobo zemigwaqo ebhalsamu, ezazijwayele iziqephu zomhlaba futhi zathola igama layo lendawo - i-Wet Vanka. Leli gama livele ngenxa yokubona ibhalsamu. Abalimi bezimpapa babona ukuthi uma kunomsoco okhulayo, kwakhiwa amaconsi amanzi emaphethelweni amaqabunga. Leli ketshezi lifihliwe yisitshalo ngokwaso. Manje ibhalsamu ivame kakhulu ezweni lonke, ikakhulukazi entshonalanga nasempumalanga yeSiberia.

Ukubukeka kanye nezici

I-Balsam yaseJalimane inesibindi kakhulu. Iqukethe izimpande ezinezintambo kanye nomqhele okhanyayo obomvu, ngezinye izikhathi obomvu. Amaqabunga amaqabunga anezinyosi ezincane ezikhula kuze kufike ku-10 cm ubude zenze isitshalo sibe mnandi ngisho nalapho kungekho khona izimbali. I-stem emnyama eqondile inamagatsha amaningi. I-inflorescences ebomvu, ebomvu kakhulu nebomvu ngosayizi ophakathi, abe nesimo esingavamile. Amafomu ama-spout eside phakathi nembali.

Izinhlobo ze-hybrid zinenhlobo ehlukahlukene yezinhlobo ze-palette. Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe babele cishe izinhlobo ezingu-400 zalesi sitshalo esihle. Kunezinhlobo zemifino ezincane, kanti kunezitshalo ezinobukhulu obufinyelela ku-120 cm.

Uyini umehluko emkhatsini wezihambi ezingaphandle kanye negumbi?

Ukuhlukanisa ibhalsamu yensimu ezivela ezihlotsheni zasendlini ekuboneni kuqala kulula. Asikho isidingo solwazi olukhethekile. Ikhula emgwaqeni futhi inokwedlula okunye, njengesihlahla esicacile. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuphawulekayo uma isitshalo sithola ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Izinhlobo zebhandi ziqhakaza ikakhulukazi ezimthunzini eziphuzi, kanti izinhlobo zasendlini zinemibala enhlobonhlobo enkulu.

Kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo zemigwaqo zinemithi yokwelapha.. Ibhalsamu yaseJalimane isetshenziselwa kakhulu imithi yendabuko futhi isisiza ukubhekana nezifo eziningi. Izingxenye ezinamafutha ezinamaqabunga ezinamaqabunga aqukethe i-ascorbic acid, izinto eziningi eziphilayo kanye ne-flavonoids - izinto zezitshalo ezisuka kumakhi antioxidant. Ezinhlotsheni zasekhaya izici ezinjalo azikho.

Omunye umehluko obalulekile kusukela ebhalsamu ekhaya ukusuka ekhaya ukuthi imbali yokuqala yonyaka. Kodwa ubuhle bayo nezimbali ezihlakazeka nxazonke zomqhele ziyisizathu sokungabi nalutho ngokugcwele.

Izinhlobo kanye nezithombe zesitshalo se-herbaceous

Ezinhlobo ezingu-400 zebhalsamu engadini, ezinye izinhlobo zithandwa kakhulu.

Imbali yezimbali

Lapho izimbali zebhalsamu zineziqabunga ezingabonakali, futhi I-inflorescences ihlanganisa cishe yonke indawo yesitshalo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalolu hlobo lwesibhalsamu engadini: Isikhwama, i-Candy, i-Duet, i-Symphony.

I-hybrid engapheli: i-New Guinea

I-Balsam yaseBuinea i-hybride ehlala njalo ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezilwane ezithile. Kuze kube manje ayikho imbewu yalolu hlobo lwezitshalo ezweni lethu. Kodwa futhi unezinhlobo zakhe: i-Java, i-Macarena, i-Mini Gini, imvula yamanzi.

Izitshalo ezingenakuhlobisa lezi zinhlobo: I-Iron-Nose, ejwayelekile, encane, i-Balfour, i-Niamiamsky.

Ngaphansi

Ukubukeka okuncane kwebhasamu akukhuli ngaphezu kwe-15 cm. Iqoqo eliqinile lezimbali ligcwele kakhulu kangangokuthi yenza isitshalo sibonakale njengesixhaso esisodwa. Ihlukana nabalingani bayo ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezibunjiwe nemibala. Ibhalsamu ekhula kancane ekhula kuze kube seqhwa ekwindla.

Izici zokufika endaweni evulekile

Uma umhloli wezitshalo efuna ukutshala ibhalsamu endaweni ethile engadini, kufanele awazi imithetho ethile yokukhula nokunakekela lesi sitshalo. Ukwenza lokhu, khetha indawo lapho kunezintaba ezihlakazekile zelanga kanye nesithunzi esiningi. Indawo enjalo ingase ibe ngaphansi komqhele omkhulu womuthi, eduze nodonga olusentshonalanga lendlu. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala siyakusasa. Lapho ama-frosts esevele esehambe, futhi izinga lokushisa aliyeki phansi ngaphansi okungenani ama-degree angu-5. Izitshalo ezincane zingase zife ngo-zero.

Ngemuva kokutshala kungcono ukuthi ungafaki ngokushesha umanyolo emhlabathini. noma ukugqoka. Lesi sitshalo kumele sivumelane nezimo ezintsha futhi ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ungeza ezinye izakhi.

Indawo engcono kakhulu yokutshala kuyoba yindawo echibi elingasemanzini. Noma mhlawumbe kunomthombo othile esakhiweni noma emthonjeni ovulekile ovulekile. Lesi sitshalo sithanda umswakama. Indawo enjalo iyoba yindawo enhle yokukhula kwayo.

Ukukhanyisa nokubeka imibhede yemifino ensimini

Indawo efanelekile yokutshala lesi sitshalo esihle kuyoba yindawo evulekile. Imisebe eqondile yelanga ingonakalisa imbali. Ama-ultraviolet ashisa amaqabunga, eshiya ukushisa okukhulu phezu kwabo. Isitshalo esinomswakama sikhala phambi kwamehlo ethu. Okunye ukukhanya kuvunyelwe ngokuvikela amagatsha ezihlahla noma izitshalo ezinkulu. Yebo, uma kukhona umfula noma omunye umuthi wamanzi. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuchelela, ngoba kubalulekile ukuba u-balsamine uvame kakhulu.

Izidingo zomhlaba

Inketho engcono kakhulu ingaba yindawo evulekile, emanzi futhi ebuthakathaka. Ukuze uhlasele ibhalsamu kudingeka ulungise ingxube yesihlabathi, i-peat kanye ne-humus. Kuyoba kuhle ukwengeza umhlabathi weqabunga. Uhlaka oluphezulu lomhlaba kufanele luhlale luqukethe umswakama, lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi udinga ukuwazisa ngokucophelela isitshalo.

Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwamahlathi ebhalsamu

Ibhalsamu yaseJalimane ivumelanisa kahle nezimo eziningi.. Ukuhamba kwakhe, eqinisweni, kuqukethe kuphela ukuchelela nokususwa kwezinsimu ezingafuneki ezingasinda esitshalweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-weeding evamile iyasiza inhlabathi ukuba ihlale ingabonakali futhi igubly. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwempande luphefumula bese lukhula ngokugcwele. Uma izinsuku zasehlobo zishisa kakhulu, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe njalo kusihlwa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokwanele ukuze uchithe kahle umhlabathi ku-30-40 cm ejulile.

Ukutshala ibhalsamu kukhona izinto eziwusizo ezicebile nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Ngokuntuleka kwalezi zinto, amahlamvu aphela, ama-inflorescences abe amancane, nezifo ezihlukahlukene zivela.

Izifo ezivamile nezilokazane

Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo esiphilayo, ibhalsamu nayo inobuthakathaka bayo futhi inokwethenjelwa kuma-parasites ahlukahlukene.

• Phenduka. Le fungum phytopathogenic kanye nama-bacteria ahlasela amaqabunga ebhalsamu uma ukuchelela kwenzeka kanzima futhi kukhona ukunqwaba kwamanzi. Ukugeleza kwenhlabathi kuyakuba yisisombululo kule nkinga.
• Isibungu se-spider. Uphuza ijusi kusuka esitshalweni, futhi lukhula esikhathini esiyizinsuku. Lapha kuzosiza isisombululo seseva, esidinga ukufuthola imbali esivela ku-spray. Izingqungquthela zamakhemikhali zisetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni eziphakeme kakhulu.
• Ama-virus. Qonda ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi singakwazi ukuguqula amaqabunga. Amachashazi aphuzi avela ebusweni bembali. Ngokuvamile imbangela yegciwane ikhona kuba khona ama-aphid. Futhi nalo udinga ukulwa kuphela izindlela ezikhethekile zamakhemikhali.

Izitshalo zonyaka, ezifana nebhalsamu, emva kokuba izimbali zisuswe ngokuphelele enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuthuthukisa izifo nezinambuzane zancipha. I-prophylaxis enjalo izovimbela ukuphindaphinda kwezifo ekuhambeni okulandelayo.

Kunezifo ezithinta isitshalo. Nazi ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu.

1. Amahlamvu awela ngenxa ye-hypothermia noma ukuntuleka kokukhanya. Inkinga efanayo ingaba nokomile ngokweqile kwenhlabathi.
2. Ama-Buds awela, njengoba kwakukhona ukunqwabelana komhlabathi noma okungalungile, ukulungiswa okunamandla kwesitshalo ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha.
3. Eqinisiwe iziqu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya.
4. Ukunciphisa izimbali, ama-inflorescences ajwayelekile, ngoba ayinalo izakhi kanye nokudla okunomsoco.

Ngokunakekelwa kahle, lesi sitshalo asithathi inkathazo enkulu futhi sizokujabulela impilo, ubuhle nobuhle bayo.

Kungani ungaqhakazi?

Kubuye kwenzeke ukuthi ekubukeni isitshalo esinempilo futhi enhle, esingenakuthola izinambuzane futhi singenayo izibonakaliso zesifo, asiqhakazi. Ngakho ngisho nokunakekelwa okuphelele, kukhona okungahambanga kahle. Kubalulekile ukuthola isizathu futhi usiqede. Izizathu zingase zibe ukuntuleka noma ukudlula ukukhanya, ukuchelela, ama-microelements, izinguquko zokushisa nokuningi okuningi. Konke lokhu sekukhulunywe ngenhla, futhi uma zonke izimo zifinyelelwa, kukhona iseluleko esisodwa esisele mayelana nokuhluma kwebhasamu.

Ibhalsamu idinga isikhathi sokusika futhi ususe amahlumela amadala, ajwayelekile futhi amakhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekwakheni amahlumela amasha amasha, azoqala ukunikeza izimbali eziningi.

Izindlela zokuzala

I-balsam yokutshala ingaba ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.

Imbewu

1. Imbewu kudingeka iqoqwe lapho izithelo zivuthiwe.
2. Imbewu yokutshala ezingxenyeni ezingajulile noma amabhokisi.
3. Thela uhlaka oluncane lomhlaba phezulu bese uthele amanzi phezu kwalo.
4. Ikhono liyakwazi ukumbozwa nge-foil, ukushisa okunjalo kuzovumela amahlumela ukuba ahlume ngokushesha.
5. Izitshalo zokugcina izithombo zingcono kakhulu endaweni efudumele futhi efudumele.
6. Uma amahlumela okuqala ebonakala, udinga ukuhlela kabusha imbali e-window ekhanyayo.
7. Ukunisela kwenzeka njalo, kepha ukuqhuma kwamanzi akuvumelekile.
8. Izinsuku emva kwezinsuku ezingu-20 ziqala ukufakelwa izingane ezingxenyeni ezihlukene. Kulezi zindebe ezilahla kahle.
9. Izithombo zivuthwa futhi ziqine.
10. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthukuthelisa izitshalo bese uzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu zemvelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuzithatha kakhudlwana endaweni engenawo othungelekile ngemisebe yelanga. Ebusuku, kungcono ukubuyela ekhaya.
11. Uma nje amaqabunga angaba ngu-10 avela ezitshalweni, ungaqhubeka nokuwafakisela emhlabathini wensimu.
12. Thelela amanzi emgodini uphinde ususe ibhalsamu kuze kube sezingeni lamaqabunga wokuqala.

Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ngoJanuwari izonikeza izihlahla zezimbali ngoMeyi.

Izihlahla

1. Bamba isikhwameni esilungele ukusetshenziswa-10-15 cm. Kubalulekile ukushiya umhlabathi omningi ezimpandeni ukuze ungawaphuli.
2. Emgodini, ukujula kwama-20 cm.Thela amanzi bese ubeka ibhalsamu ngezansi, ugcwale ngomhlaba.
3. Ukuze izihlahla zihlanyele kangcono futhi zishesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okukhethwa kukho kungaba ukuthatha indawo endaweni abafuduka kuyo. Izwe elinjalo kufanele lixubane nomhlaba engadini. Lokhu kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukucindezeleka okubangelwa ushintsho olukhulu ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi.

Ibhalsamu lifana nomhlaba we-acidity obuthakathaka. Kodwa inhlabathi enjalo inika ukungcola peat.

Ibhalsamu yaseJalimani ihlanganisa ubuhle obuhle: ubuhle, izinzuzo, izakhiwo zokuphulukisa. Imbali enjalo izokujabulela lonke ihlobo futhi iyoba umthombo wokuthokozisa ubuhle kumndeni wonke.