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Ukulima kwezinkukhu

I-Guinea fly broiler: izinhlobo zohlobo, imithetho yokugcina

Ukuzijayeza kuvame kakhulu emazweni aphesheya, lapho inyama yokudla kanye nemikhiqizo yamaqanda kuyabaluleka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ze-Guinea zizuzisa ngokuqukethwe. Abanikezi izinkinga zomlimi, cishe abagulayo futhi ngokushesha bavumelane nanoma yiziphi izimo. Futhi izinhlobo ze-broiler nazo zihlukaniswa nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Yikuphi lokhu okuhlukahlukene, ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani, ukuthi uyayidla nokuthi kuphi okuzoyiqukatha kuzoxoxwa kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Iyini inkukhu ye-broiler yenkukhu

Imikhakha ye-broiler yanoma iyiphi inyoni ihlale ilula ukubona umzimba wayo inyama, ubukhulu obukhulu nokuziphatha okuqondile.

Uyazi? Owokuqala ukufunda ngokukhona kwezinyoni zezilwane zasendle kwakuyizizwe zaseNingizimu Afrika. Futhi kulekhulu leminyaka BC. i-er Le nyoni yatholwa amaGreki namaRoma asendulo, awadumisa ezingeni elingcwele. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, udumo lwezinyoni ezimibalabala selusakaze kakhulu eNtshonalanga ye-Asia naseByzantium. Kwakuyizilwane ezibizayo kakhulu, okungabantu abacebile kuphela abangazikhokhela.

Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ze-Guinea luyisithelo somsebenzi ophikisanayo wobanikazi abaphikelela futhi ohlala njalo, owagcina efuna ukuthola inyoni ekhiqizayo kakhulu enegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ukuphikisana kakhulu nezimo ezimbi eziphilayo kanye nezindleko zokuphila ezanelisayo.

Incazelo nokubukeka

Izinyoni ze-broiler eziqhelile zibonakala emapulini abo aphikisayo. Kuye ngohlobo, kungenzeka ukuthi lube mhlophe, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lubhemayo ngama-white specks futhi lumboze ngokuphelele umzimba wonke.

Ngokuqinisekile uyoba usizo ukwazi izici nendlela yokuphila yezinyoni ezivamile.

Ukukhethwa kwale nyoni kubhekwa ngumthethosisekelo omkhulu nomzimba womzimba. Bazuza njengefa ku-okhokho basendle:

  • ama-paws anamandla athola umbala ompunga;
  • Amaphiko amancane aqinile ahambisana nomumo;
  • ende entanyeni ehamba phambili, ephenduke ngokushelela ibe yi-torso;
  • Ubhontshisi obubunjwa obuningi obuphakathi;
  • emuva emuva;
  • umsila omfushane ne-pubescence ephansi;
  • intshebe engenaswele;
  • amathanga abomvu nezibomvu esikhumba okulenga emaceleni omabili wekhanda elingenayo i-pendent;
  • ukukhula okukhanyayo okwesibhakabhaka phezu komqhele naphansi kwentamo.
Kwezinye izinhlobo, izibonakaliso zangaphandle zingase zihluke ngokuphelele ezingeni elihambisana ne-variegated feather, izindandatho zezindlebe ezinemibala eminingi, noma ukutholakala kwe-tuft emgqeni.

Lesi sidalwa esiphilayo siholela emhlambini wezinkomo futhi, naphezu kwesimo saso, siyaqhubeka siba namandla. Unobungane nazo zonke izakhamuzi zendlu, kodwa uhlala kude nabo.

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, inyoni ye-Guinea ibonisa ukukhuthazela okukhuthele nokumelana nokubandayo. Kungagcinwa kokubili epeni nase-aviary evulekile. Okungalungi kuphela kwe-pearl exotism ayikho kahle isisindo somama.

Ukukhiqiza

Izinyoni zaseGuinea zinemfanelo elandelayo yokukhiqiza:

  1. Ukuhlatshwa, lesi silwane sesivele sifaneleka ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesifazane balinganiselwa ku-1.5 kg, kanti abesilisa banesisindo esingu-200 g ngaphezulu. Isisindo esiphezulu se-broilers asidluli 3.5 kg.
  2. Kuzo zonke i-kilogram yokukhula, ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwansuku zonke kungu-2.8 kg.
  3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni ibhekwa ngamazinga aphakeme kakhulu amaqanda amaqanda. Ngonyaka, inkukhu, ngokuya ngezici zesiphambano, inika amaqanda angama-120-150, okuyilowo nalowo olinganisa u-45-50 g ngokujwayelekile. Ahluke enkukhu ebhokheni elinobucayi elinamaqabunga amancane. Ngokwezinto ezakhiwa izakhi kanye namavithamini, amaqanda ama-hen-broilers aholela ekuhlaleni kwemikhiqizo yokudla ewusizo kakhulu ye-antiallergenic.

Izinhlobo zama-broiler izinkukhu

Ezilwaneni zanamuhla, umqondo wezinyoni ze-Guinea uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-20 zezinyoni ezivela emiphakathini ehlukene yomndeni waseFazanov. Abaningi babo bahileleke ekukhuleni kwemikhiqizo ye-broiler, eyaziwayo namuhla ebangeni elibanzi kakhulu. Cabangela othandwa kakhulu kubo.

Sikukwazisa ukuba ucabange zonke izici zezinhlobo zezinyoni zasendle nezintambo ezidumile kakhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi izinyoni zezinyane laseZagorskaya.

IsiFulentshi

Lezi zihlukahlukene zivela eFrance futhi zihlukaniswa ngamapulangwe amaningi aphuzi, inqwaba enkulu yomzimba, kanye nomsila omfushane wehla phansi. Lezi nzalo zinezinhlanzi ezincane, ezingenalutho ezinomzimba obunamafutha obuhlaza ngaphansi komlomo, intamo ende enhle negciwane elihlelekile.

Ngenxa yamapulangwe ayenziwa kahle, angakwazi ukuhamba kalula kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanolwazi baneluleka ukwehlisa amaphiko emncintiswaneni. Uhlobo luyadingeka nabalimi abaningi futhi namuhla lithatha ukuhola kokulinganisa ukuthandwa. Lokhu kubangelwa amanani aphezulu enyama kanye nemikhiqizo yamaqanda. Abantu abavuthiwe balinganiselwa ku-3 kg. Phakathi nonyaka, izinsikazi zenza amaqanda angama-150 anesisindo esingama-50 g ngamunye. Ingxenye encane ye-broiler yesiFulentshi ibonakala nge-bluish tinge emnyama ekhanya lapho iphekwe. Iyakuthanda kakhulu kumdlalo.

Zagorsky ezimhlophe

Lezi zinhlobo, njengezinyoni zendabuko, zibonakala ngombala onamabala omningi we-plumage kanye ne-sternum emhlophe emhlophe, ehamba kahle entanyeni nasesisu. Impaphe yezibonelo ze-pedigree ibonakala ngokuphefumula nokukhuphuka kwe-fluffiness.

Uyazi? Inyoni yaseGuinea, njengezinyosi, iqala ukushaya inhliziyo yonke umhlambi lapho ubona ingozi: izinja, amakati noma ngisho nomfokazi. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinyoni zikhaluma lapho zihlukana nomhlambi, futhi zikhombisa ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zendlu.
Inyama yezinyoni ze-Zagorsk white-breasted Guinea inyanga ifana nokunambitheka njengezinhlobo zendabuko zale nyoni. Ngenxa yenani elincane lamafutha ekubunjweni, libuye libe ne-blue bint tints, echaphazela ukuboniswa kwezidumbu. Ngenkathi enezinyanga ezingu-10, owesilisa ulinganisa u-2 kg, kanti inkukhu inika amaqanda angama-140 ngonyaka. Ngosayizi nokukhiqiza, lezi zinqamuzana ziphansi kakhulu kubahlobo bazo baseFrance.

Umhlophe waseSiberia

Ama-broilers aseSiberia ahlukaniswa nombala wabo omhlophe omsulwa wezimpaphe, kanye namacici abomvu okukhanyayo, ubhevu namapayipi. Lezi zitho zomzimba zibukeka zihluke kakhulu, zikhanga. Inyoni inegciwane lesandulela ngculazi elinamandla, libekezelela ukushisa, ukushisa, ngokushesha livumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuboshwa futhi kuphephe ngokuphelele ekudleni.

Imfuyo ye-broiler yezinyoni ze-guinea ihlolwe inyama yokudla. Funda mayelana nezinzuzo zezinyoni ze-Guinea.

Abamele balolu hlobo bakhula ngokushesha. Abesilisa abavuthiwe balinganisa 2 kg. Futhi abesifazane, ngaphezu kwalokho, babhekwa ngamazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza amaqanda. Ngonyaka bafaka amaqanda angama-150 ngesisindo esijwayelekile sama-50 g.

I-Cream (i-Suede)

Lolu hlobo lwe-broiler, kanye nomhlophe waseSiberia, alukho izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokubukeka. Ibhekiselwe emthunzini obomvu we-monotone obuneminwe nendawo ebomvu yesikhumba.

Uyazi? Ngenxa yobude bokugcina, amaqanda okukhukhuka ayedingeka kakhulu ekudleni kwabagibeli nabahamba ngezinyawo. Zibuye zithathwe njalo ngezihambeli zabahloli bamazwe baseMelika.

Izinkomba zokukhiqiza, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-hybridi ngenhla, izinyoni ze-suede ziphansi kakhulu. Abantu abavuthiwe banesisindo esingu-1.5 kg futhi bakhiqiza amaqanda angaphezu kuka-110 ngonyaka ngesisindo esijwayelekile esingu-42 g.

Izici Zokuqukethwe

Izimbiza zaseGuinea zinenzuzo ekunakekeleni, njengoba zidla kahle, zikhethekile ekudleni, zinobungane futhi zingazinakekela. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinyoni ezingavamile kuncike kakhulu ezimweni zokuhlala. Ukuze ukwandise, i-tsarsarkovy abanolwazi abaneluleke ukuba bahlomise kahle indlu futhi bazinakekele ngokuhlelekile. Indlela yokwenza lokhu, sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Cabanga zonke izici zokuqukethwe kwezinyoni ze-Guinea ekhaya, ikakhulukazi ebusika.

Izidingo zamakamelo

Izinyoni ze-Pearl zijabulela isikhala samahhala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo njengama-corrals ahlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, umbelethi kufanele aqaphele ukuba khona kwezinkukhu ezifudumele kanye ne-aviary evinjelwe kusengaphambili, kungenjalo amawadi akhe azojwayele ukuchitha ubusuku emithini futhi ngokushesha angagijima. Izakhiwo kanye nendawo yokuhamba ngezinyoni ze-guinea zixazululwa ngalezi zingubo ezilandelayo:

  • emitha ngayinye yesigcawu endlini yenyoni akumele ibe ngaphezu kwabantu abadala ababili;
  • Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa endaweni efanayo zingahlwanyelwa kuze kufike kweshumi;
  • igumbi kumele libe nomoya womoya nsuku zonke, ngoba ama-exotics awabekezeleli umoya omile;
  • ngaphakathi kwendlu yenkukhu, endaweni yokufinyeleleka, abaphuza kanye nabaxhasi abafakiwe, futhi ama-perches nezidleke nazo zihlelwe;
  • iphansi limbozwe utshani obujulile noma ukulala, futhi isihlabathi somfula sisetshenziselwa izinkukhu;
  • insimu ehamba ngezinyawo esekelwe ukuthi i-square 1 kufanele iwele ngamamitha angu-30 square;
  • I-enclosure kumele iqinisekiswe ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili ngenetha;
  • endaweni egcinelwe izinyoni ze-guinea, izihlahla nezinye izimila zifisa kakhulu, okuzosiza ukudala isimo sobubanzi.

Imithetho yokunakekelwa

Ukunakekela ama-broilers of hens akufani neze nokuqukethwe kwezinkukhu. Kulesi sici, umlimi wezinkukhu kufanele ahlele njalo imisebenzi elandelayo:

  • kanye ngonyaka, indlu idinga ukuhlanzwa ngokujwayelekile, okubandakanya ukususwa kwelamba, ukugeza nokubulala imishanguzo phansi, ukugcoba izindonga;
  • ebusika, njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-3-4 umbhede kufanele uvuselelwe, ufafaze ungqimba oludala;
  • ngisho nasendlini yezinyoni, lapho izinyoni ze-pearl zigcinwa khona, azikho iphunga elimnandi, usadinga ukuvuselela igumbi;
  • ekushiseni, shintsha amanzi emathanjeni okuphuza kabili ngosuku bese uwageza nsuku zonke;
  • Izikhathi ezingu-3 ngosuku ngesikhathi esifanayo ukondla amawadi, emva kokuhlanza abahlinzeki bezimpahla ezivela ekudleni okudlule;
  • qiniseka ukuthi ebusika ukushisa endlini ye hen akuwa ngezansi +12 degrees Celsius, futhi umswakama womoya uhambelana no-65-70%;
  • ngesikhathi sokunciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kweqanda lokubeka ama-hens kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke izibani kusukela ngo-7 ekuseni kuya ku-10 ntambama.
Omunye wemibandela yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kweqanda yenkukhu - ukukhanyisa igumbi

Okufanele ukondle izinyoni

Izinyoni zaseGuinea ziyizinyoni eziqondile kakhulu, njengoba zingakwazi ukuzinakekela ukudla. Zidla kahle, ziqoqe zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, futhi zizingela nezinambuzane ezincane nezinduku. Kodwa ukuthembela emagcekeni asendle angama-ward wokuzivikela akufanele. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala kudingeka bafundiswe ukuhlela ukudla ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kubalulekile! I-Guinea yezinyoni zezinyoni ayibange ibangele ukubola, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubesifazane abakhulelwe, omama nabanakekeli.

Futhi ngokucabangela umgomo oyinhloko wokuzalanisa i-broiler, okuqukethe ukujula okukhulu kwenyama, ukudla okunomsoco kwezinyoni kufanele kube nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezicebile kumaminerali namavithamini. Ake sibone ukuthi kungenzeka yini nokuthi yini engenakunikwa abantu abadala nezilwane ezincane. Izinyoni zaseGuinea ziyakwazi ukunakekela ukudla

Izinyoni ezindala zeginea

Lezi zinyoni ezingavamile zidla konke. Kodwa ngokudla kwabo okuphumelelayo ukuzalanisa kufanele kube nokulinganisela. Okuhle, iqukethe imikhiqizo elandelayo:

  • oats - 20 g;
  • ibhali - 20 g;
  • ummbila - u-21 g (okusanhlamvu okungakatshalaliswa kungashintshwa ngokudliwa kokudla ngendlela yamazambane abilisiwe, okusanhlamvu, i-cottage shizi);
  • ukolweni wekolweni - 20 g;
  • isidlo senhlanzi - 5 g;
  • izaqathe eziluhlaza - i-20 g (leyo nto ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ingumthombo oyinhloko we-retinol ne-keratin, nakuba idliwa ngokunganaki);
  • i-clover, i-alfalfa, i-meadow ingxube yotshani, amaqabunga eklabishi, i-quinoa, inambuzane, amaqabunga ama-birch amancane, ama-dandelions, ama-burdock phezulu-25 g;
  • izinaliti eziqoshiwe ezivela e-spruce - 15 g;
  • imvubelo - 6 g (ukwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwamaqanda-laying);
  • amafutha okudoba, inkunkuma noma inyama ebilisiwe ebilisiwe - 3 g (wangena kuphela lapho izilwane ezifuywayo zingenakudla ensimini noma emadlelweni, lapho umuntu angabamba izibungu, amagundane, ama-slugs namaxoxo);
  • ufulawa usawoti - 0.3 g;
  • imifino ehlanzekile - ama-50 g (ngamabhodi agijima mahhala ngokugcwele agcwalisa izidingo zabo zalesi sithako, akuyona into engathandeki ukunikeza utshani obunamahloni noma obuhlaza);
  • Ukudla okumbiwa ngamaminerali (izingxenyana ezincane zegrivel, isikhohlela esichotshoziwe, i-seashell echotshoziwe yolwandle noma imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile, umuthi okhuni, isanti elikhulu lomfula);
  • ukondla - 50 g (kuhle ukuba ukondle owomile);
  • Ukudla - 10 g (isithasiselo siyadingeka uma kunesifo samaprotheni).
Kunconywa ukuthi ukondle izinyoni ezivuthiwe ngamahora angu-7, 12 no-18. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuguqula amanzi emanzini ngendlela efike ngesikhathi.

Kubalulekile! Isidingo saminyaka yonke sezinyoni ezindala ekudleni okusanhlamvu kufanele kubhekwe njengalingana no 33-36 kg. Ebusika, izinyoni ze-Guinea, uma zisegumbini elifudumele, i-76 g yokudla okusanhlamvu kanye no-3-4 g wezilwane (ngosuku ngosuku) ziyanele.

Intsha

Ukudla kwendoda kufana nokudla kwezinkukhu. Umehluko kuphela ku-protein yokuncoma kwansuku zonke ephakanyisiwe, okufanele ibe ngu-24% we-feed total. Njengoba izinkukhu zivuthiwe, lesi sibalo sinciphise sibe ngu-17%. Ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwezingane, ekudleni kwakhe kuhlinzekwa:

  • ukolweni wekoro (owanikwa kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila, kusukela ngo-1 g, okwandisa kancane kancane kuya ku-10 g ngonyaka wezinsuku ezingu-90);
  • Iqanda elikhuni elinama-inkukhu (eliphakanyisiwe ngesonto lokuqala lokuphila);
  • ubisi obumhlophe obisikiwe ebisi;
  • ama-corn kernels (anganikezwa ezinsana, kusukela ngo-1.8 g futhi alethe ingxenye ngosuku lwama-50 lokuphila kuze kube ngu-4.6 g);
  • Ufulawa we-oat (kusukela kwesigamu sesigamu kuya ngosuku lwe-120 lokuphila, isabelo sikhula sibe ngu-13.5 g);
  • ufulawa wekoroyi (izilwane zezilwane zelulekwa ukuba zengeze amagremu ayi-3 alezi zakhi ezinyangeni ezingu-2.5);
  • isilwane (at 5.7 g unikeza kuphela ngosuku 59 wokuphila, kancane kancane ukwandisa isilinganiso nsuku zonke kuya 20.7 g);
  • ama-barley kernels (asetshenziswe ekudleni ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala kanye nengxenye yansukuzonke ka-4.2 g);
  • ukudla kwenhlanzi (okunikezwa kusukela ngosuku lokuqala kuya ku 1-3 g);
  • ubisi omuncu (okuwusizo njengokudla kokuqala okulinganiselwe kumthamo we-3 g, kancane kancane ukwandisa isilinganiso sansukuzonke kuya ku-14 g);
  • imifino emisha (amatshitshi amasha asanda kukhishwa ama-dandelions ne-alfalfa);
  • i-clover hay (Kunconywe ngo-13.3 g kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala);
  • Imvubelo ka Baker (unganika u-1-2 g kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-40 zokuphila).
Ama-nestlings, njengezinyoni ezindala, kufanele adle izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku. Ukunwetshwa okunamandla kufanele kwenziwe kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu.

Izinkukhu zezilwane zezinkukhu kufanele zijwayele izintuthwane zokuzalisa izinyoni zezinkukhu endaweni ye-incubator, futhi zifunde indlela yokunakekela izinyoni ze-guinea.

Ukuzala izinkukhu ze-broiler

Ukuhlela kahle izinkukhu zokuzalanisa izinsiza kuzosiza amathiphu alandelayo:

  1. Kudingekile ukukhulula amawadi endlini, ngemuva kokudilizwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze inyoni encane-feral ijwayele indawo yokuhlala futhi ibuyele ngokuzimela ekhaya ngemva kokuhamba. Uma ukondla ngokuhlelekile ngesikhathi esifanayo, izilwane ezifuywayo zigijimela abahlinzeki, futhi ziphinde zigijime kuze kudle.
  2. Ukuhlolwa okubanzi kokuzaliswa kwemikhiqizo ye-hybride kubonise ukuthi izinyoni ze-broiler azidingi "izimo zokushisa eziluhlaza". Ngokuba induduzo yabo, ipeni elihle kakhulu futhi i-aviary evulekile. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa ukuba bakhule izinyoni ezinyangeni ezinyangeni ezintathu, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi bayeka ukukhula kwabo.
  3. Ngisho nezinkukhu zokuqala zezinkukhu zizokwazi ukubhekana nokuzalana kwezinyoni zezinyoni emasimini asekhaya. Izilwane ezifuywayo zijwayele ukujwayela abantu abazinakekelayo, futhi bahlangana nabantu abangabazi kakhulu. Abanamahloni kakhulu futhi bayamethemba ngephutha umholi wemfuyo yabo. Egcekeni ababonisi ukuhlukumeza kwezinye izilwane.
  4. Njengezinkukhu, lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuqhuma emhlabathini ukuze zifune izinambuzane nezimpethu, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukumba indawo encane e-aviary, uphinde uthule inqwaba yesihlabathi somfula noma umuthi wokhuni eduze. Izinyoni ziyojabula kakhulu ngokuba nezibhuku ezinjalo.
  5. Ngezinye izikhathi kunezimo lapho izinyoni eziningana zikwazi ukweqa ucingo. Ngokuyisimo, abazange baphume futhi bavame ukubuyela emuva. Ukubamba, udinga ukwakha ukubonakala kweengozi eseduze. Khona-ke izinyoni zigxila kuphela ezitheni ezingaba khona futhi zikhohlwe ngemvelo.
Kuzuzisa kakhulu ukuzala izinyoni ze-broiler ngoba lezi zinyoni ziwumthombo wenyama ewusizo futhi enomsoco nemikhiqizo yeqanda, eyaziwa emhlabeni jikelele njengedliwayo yokudla. Sithemba ukuthi izeluleko zethu zizokusiza ukuba udale indawo enokunethezeka yezilwane ezifuywayo futhi uhlele ukunakekelwa okusemandleni abo.

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