Izinambuzane ezincane eziyingozi ezincane ziyisizathu esiyinhloko sokusakaza kwezifo kanye nokuvela kwezifo ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokudluliselwa komuntu ogulayo kumuntu onempilo, kusetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziningi zokuvimbela ama-disinfectants, ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa izimo zesibhedlela. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula izinhlobo nezinqubo zokuvimbela, kanye nokuchaza izindlela zokulungiselela amakhemikhali kanye nokuphepha kokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Injongo yokusebenza
Ukuze uqonde imisebenzi yokuxazulula izixazululo ze-disinfecting, okokuqala udinga ukunquma ukuthi kuyini. Ezimweni eziningi, leli gama lisho izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali ezenzelwe ukubhubhisa ama-agent angama-infectious on the surface abaphathayo. 
Ngenhloso efanayo, ukugxila okukhulu kwezidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kungasetshenziswa, kodwa, noma kunjalo, umgomo ufanelwe wonke umuntu - ukucima umthombo wokutheleleka nokukhipha igciwane ekamelweni ukuze bathole ngokuphepha abantu kulo.
Ngokuyinhloko, ama-disinfectants asetshenziselwa izikhungo zezokwelapha, nakuba zivame ukusetshenziswa ezikoleni nasezinkulisa, ngokulungiswa okuncane kokubunjwa.
Uyazi? Izindawo ezithandayo zomzimba womuntu ngamagciwane kukhona ikhanda (izindawo zalo ezinomsila) nezandla. Ngokuvamile, ama-microorganisms azifihla ngaphansi kwezipikili, ezingxenyeni ezihlangothini nasemaphethweni wezintende zezandla.
Izinhlobo zokungasebenzi nge-disinfection
Ngokuya endaweni ethize kanye nezinga lokutheleleka, i-prophylactic kanye ne-disinfection eyigugu iyabonakala, futhi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuhlukaniswe nakamuva nakamuva. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. 
I-Prophylactic
Lolu khetho lufanele kuphela njengesilinganiso sokuzivikela esingavumeli ukubonakala noma ukusakazeka kwesifo. Ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela kufanele kuqhutshwe njalo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ingozi yokugula isifo esithathelwanayo isanda kakhulu.
Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngezibhedlela, imitholampilo, izikhungo zokubonisana kwezokwelapha, izindawo zokuqoqwa kwabantu abaningi (isibonelo, iziteshi zesitimela, izindawo zokuphumula zomphakathi, ezokuthutha), amabhizinisi embonini yokudla, izikole nezinhlangano zasenkulisa.
Ukuze kugcinwe izimo zokuhlanzeka, i-Brovadez-plus, i-Farmiod ne-Virotz isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izilwane, kanye ne-potassium permanganate kanye ne-iodine isetshenziselwa ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusekelwe esimweni somsebenzi wesakhiwo esithile, imithi yokuvimbela kufanele iqhutshwe yizinhlangano zebhizinisi namanye amabhizinisi lapho kunengozi eyengeziwe yokwanda nokusabalalisa kwama-virus.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lokungcola zingabhekwa njengokuhlanzwa kwezakhiwo zomsebenzi nezindlu zokugezela, ukuhlanza izingubo, ukususa izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali, ukugeza izandla nezitsha, futhi okumele kwenziwe njalo ekhaya. 
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, uma zonke lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zizokwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwabahlanzi be-bactericidal noma ama-disinfectants akhethekile (uma sikhuluma ngengozi enkulu yokutheleleka).
Focal
Lolu hlobo lokungasebenzi nge-disinfection luhilela ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingathí sina, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ubhekane nokugxila okuqinisekisiwe kokutheleleka noma ukusola kokusabalalisa. Ngokuvamile lezi zihlukahlukene zihlukaniswe zibe zamanje nezokugcina.
Eyokuqala yenziwa ngaphakathi endlini nomuntu ogulayo, kanti okwesibili kunikezela ukuqedwa kokuqedwa ngemuva kokudluliswa noma ukukhishwa.
Okwamanje
Ukuchithwa kwesifo samanje - isimo esiyimpoqo ezibhedlela noma ekhaya, lapho kukhona umthombo oqondile wokutheleleka (isibonelo, umuntu ogulayo). Ukucubungula njalo kuyisimo seminyango esithathelwanayo yezibhedlela, amakamelo okusebenza, ukuxhaphazwa kanye nama-laboratories, abasebenzi babo abhekana nezicabha eziphilayo ezinobungozi nsuku zonke. 
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-disinfection enjalo ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwama-microorganisms we-pathogenic kanye nokuxhumana kwabo nabantu abanempilo ngaphandle kokugxila okukhona kakade.
Izizathu ezivame kakhulu zalolu hlobo lokungasebenzi nge-disinfection zifaka:
- ukuhlala isikhathi eside isiguli egumbini lokukhonkolo ngaphambi kokuhlala esibhedlela;
- ukwelashwa isiguli ekhaya kuze kutholakale;
- ukuthola umthwali wokutheleleka esibhedlela ngaphambi kokuba asuswe kwi-dispensary.
Inhlangano yokwenza imisebenzi ye-disinfecting ezindaweni zokuhlala ngokuvamile iyenziwa yi-medical officer owaziyo isiguli, futhi yenziwa yile ndlu ngokwayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi zonke izinyathelo zenhlangano zithathwa ngabasebenzi be-sanitary-epidemiological service, kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ezikhungweni zezokwelapha kanye namabhizinisi ngabanye.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhipha imishanguzo eyenziwa ngabasebenzi be-sanitary-epidemiological service kubhekwa njengendlela engafanele yokuxazulula le nkinga, ngoba ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo eziningi kunqanyelwe futhi kungenakulawulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Okokugcina
Lolu khetho lokusebenza nge-disinfection luyenziwa ukuhlanza igumbi ngemuva kokuthola isiguli noma ezinye izinto eziphethwe kuwo. 
Njengangaphambili, inhloso eyinhloko yokwelashwa okunjalo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha ngokuqeda zonke izici ze-pathogenic.
Ukwelashwa kokugcina okuyimpoqo okumele kwenziwe ngemuva kokukhishwa, ukuhlukaniswa noma ukushona kwesiguli, ikakhulu uma kuziwa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusakazeka kwezifo ezinjalo njenge-cereal, kolera, i-typhoid fever, i-leprosy, i-ornithosis, i-diphtheria, izifo zezinyosi, isikhumba nezipikili.
Futhi, lolu hlobo lwe-disinfection ngeke lube ludinga kakhulu kwi-foci yezifo ezithathelwanayo noma uma kwenzeka ukusolakala ukuthi u-hepatitis we-viral, i-poliomyelitis, isisu, ukutheleleka kwamathumbu emathunjini, njll. Uma kwenzeka izifo ezithathelwanayo ezincane, ukucwiliswa kokugcina kwenziwa ngokucabangela isimo se-epidemiological jikelele.
Izindlela zokusaphazamiseka
Kuzo zonke izimo ezichazwe, umuntu angasebenzisa izindlela zomuntu siqu zokuqeda amabhaktheriya, ahlukaniswe abe yizinto eziphilayo, amakhemikhali (iqembu elikhulu kunazo zonke) nenyama.
Biological
Kulokhu, inkinga yezincane ezincane ezixazululwayo ixazululwa ngokusebenzisa amanye ama-microbes - ama-thermophilic noma abaphikisi. 
Lolu khetho lufanelekile ukungcola kwamanzi ahlanzekile emasimini okunisela, ezindaweni zokuqoqa udoti, imfucuza, izinsalela zemvelo kanye nomquba.
Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezilwane nasemabhizinisini, futhi ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni cishe akwenzeki.
Amakhemikhali
Leli qembu lihlanganisa izindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zokunqamuka kwensimu yendawo - besebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Ama-disinfectants asekelwe kubo abhubhisa izindonga zama-bacterium kanye nama-virus futhi awanciphise izinto ezinobuthi eziphilayo.
Ukuvama okuphezulu kokusetshenziswa kwalendlela ethile kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala. 
Izidingo eziyinhloko zokuxazululwa kwezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo ziwukuphepha okuphakeme komzimba womuntu, ukutholakala kahle kwamanzi emanzini kanye nokukwazi ukugcina izindawo zabo zokubulala amagciwane lapho bexhumana nezidakamizwa eziphilayo.
Ukukhethwa kwe-disinfector kwenziwa ngesisekelo semvelo ye-pathogen, izimo ezungezile kanye nohlobo lwendawo, kodwa i-vircon ne-chlorhexidine ithathwa njengezigaba ezihlukahlukene.
Physical
Phakathi kwezindlela zokubhekana nezinambuzane ezinobungozi, abilayo, ukubala, ukukhanya kwelanga, ukushisa kwamanzi, noma amakamelo okucubungula anezibani ze-UV ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinto ezithathelwanayo zingashiswa.
I-agent ye causative yezifo ezithathelwanayo ayikwazi ukubhekana namazinga aphezulu okushisa, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kokushisa kubhekwa njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuqeda. 
Ukufaneleka kwesinye salezi zindlela kunqunywe ngokususelwa kuhlobo lokuphathwa komhlaba, izici zegumbi nezinye izinto zangaphandle.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uzuze umphumela ophumelela kakhulu wenqubo yokucwilisa, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningana eziqinisekisiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isibonelo, i-UV irradiation ihlangene kahle nokuhlanzwa okumanzi, futhi ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi ungayidlulisa ngokusebenzisa isihlungi bese ubilisa ngaphezulu.
Ngokwehlukana kunesidingo ukunikezela nezindlela zokucwiliswa kwemishini, ngokusekelwe kokulahla into enesifo. Ezimweni eziningi, le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukucwilisa inhlabathi ngokususa isendlalelo sayo esiphezulu.
Thola nokuthi kungani ungayilalisa kanjani indawo ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ngokuba ukungcola kwanoma iyiphi indawo noma ikamelo lonke lingasetshenziswa cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali, kusukela kuma-aerosols, amadala, izixazululo zamanzi kanye nama-emulsions kuya ama-powders, amaphilisi kanye nama-granules emanzini angenawo amanzi. 
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo kwama-disinfectors kubhekwa njengokwejwayelekile:
- Izinto eziqukethe i-chlorine. Kuthiwa ikakhulukazi i-chloramine, i-bleach, i-calcium hypochlorite. Lokhu akuyona kuphela indlela endala kunazo zonke yokubhekana namagciwane, kodwa futhi enye yezinto ezilula nakakhulu kakhulu, ngoba ikuvumela ukuba ususe amaqembu ahlukene ama-agent aphethwe yisikhathi ngesikhathi. Izinselele eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa ama-agent ezinjalo ziwumphumela olimazayo ezindaweni eziningi, ubuthi kubantu nakwezemvelo.
- Izinto ezisekelwe emoyeni osebenzayo (ngokuvamile i-hydrogen peroxide, i-potassium permanganate, i-Permur). Wonke amalungiselelo avela kuleli qembu ahlukaniswa ukucwasa ngokweqile kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokungeneka kwemvelo, ngesikhathi esifanayo emele usongo olunzulu kumaningi ezincane eziziwa namuhla.
- Ama-Compounds Based Based (isibonelo, iVeltolen, i-Vapusan noma i-Biodez-Extra). Akulungele ukuhlanza izindawo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo azikhulule ezincane ezincane, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi angalimazi ukugqoka. Impendulo eyinhloko yikhono lokulwa nenani elinganiselwe lamagciwane we-pathogenic.
- Amalungiselelo afaka ama-amine aphakeme (isibonelo, "Amiflayn"). Lokhu kuyisivikelo esisha futhi esincane kakhulu esivikela ukutheleleka. Zonke izingqungquthela zibhekene nesenzo esiningi esikhulu nesenzo esibucayi kakhulu.
- Utshwala ama-disinfectors (emele i-ethanol, i-isopropanol, i-propanol). Benza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokunciphisa ingxenye enkulu yamagciwane, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi angasetshenziswa cishe noma yikuphi uhlobo lwendawo, engashiyi lutho kubo. Kodwa-ke, ukwehluleka kwezidakamizwa zokuphuza utshwala ngokuvamile akuvumeli ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezimweni zamabhizinisi noma kwezinye izindawo zezimboni. Iqiniso liwukuthi lezi zinto ziqhuma futhi zivutha umlilo, okungeze kwalokho, zidinga ukuhlanza kwangaphambili kwendawo ephathwayo.
- Ukwakhiwa kwe-Aldehyde (ngokuvamile ithola "i-Glutaral", "i-Bianol", "i-Lizoformin"). Iningi lazo libhekene nokusebenza kahle nokusebenza okubanzi, kuyilapho kugcinwa ubuqotho bendawo ephathwayo. Izinkinga eziyinhloko yizinga eliphakeme lobudakamizwa, isidingo sokwelashwa kokunye kokungcola.
- Amafomu we-Guanidine (phakathi "Bior" ethandwa kakhulu, "Polisept", "Demos"). Lezizinto ezinobuthi obuphansi ezingenza ifilimu ye-bactericidal (ikhulisa umphumela wokuzivikela) futhi ifakwe ngokucophelela ezindaweni eziningi ezizophathwa. Njengama-amacala wangaphambilini, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amathuluzi, kuzodingeka uhlanza ubuso.
- Ama-Phenol Based Compounds ("I-Amotsid"). Inzuzo eyinhloko yesikhathi sokulimaza kwamagciwane, futhi ukungalungi kubandakanya ukugqwala okukhulu, yingakho izingoma ezinjalo zingavamile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Uyazi? Ukwakhiwa kwe-alkaline yomlotha nomhlabathi kuvumela ukuba babhubhise amabhaktheriya amaningi, ngakho-ke abhekwa njengabathinteli abakhulu kunawo wonke - lokhu kubonakala ngisho nodokotela.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha
Lapho usebenza namakhemikhali, kufanele uhlale uqaphele kakhulu, njengoba kunengozi yokulimaza impilo yabo.
Ezimweni zezibhedlela noma kwezinye izikhungo ezikhethekile, umuntu oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile wenza umsebenzi wokulungisa wonke amagciwane, futhi wonke umsebenzi wokuxhumanisa nokuxubana kwemithi ethile kwenziwa endaweni enomoya omuhle ngokusetshenziswa kwempoqo yamagilavu enjoloba, ama-suit protective kanye nama-gauze bandages (mhlawumbe iziphefumula ezikhethekile). 
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi zonke izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuchithwa kwe-disinfection zihlukaniswa izinga eliphakeme lobudakamizwa, akumangazi ukuthi kunemithetho eminingi elawula ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenza nabo.
Lezi zidingo zihlanganisa:
- Ukwamukelwa ukusebenza nge-disinfecting izixazululo kuphela zezakhamuzi ezifinyelele eminyakeni engama-18 futhi eziye zafundiswa (isisebenzi sinikezwa ngolwazi ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, ukuvimbela kanye nosizo lokuqala uma kunobuthi, njll);
- ukususwa emsebenzini nomakhemikhali wabantu ababhekene nokuziphendulela;
- Bonke abasebenza ekukhunjweni kwelineni, izitsha noma ezinye izinto ezibhekene nokutheleleka, zenziwa kuphela ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ngokuhlelwa kwesistimu ye-ventilation;
- Esikhathini esifanayo esakhiweni esihle, ukudala ama-disinfectants kufanele kwenziwe, futhi zonke iziqukathi ezinezixazululo namathuluzi afakwe kuwo kufanele zivalwe ngokuqinile ngesembozo;
- amasheya okuxazulula izifo ezibulalayo kufanele afakwe ezindaweni ezivaliwe zokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ngabantu;
- zonke izigaba zokuhlanza nokucwiliswa kwegazi kufanele zenziwe ngokulandelana okuqondile okuzoqinisekisa ukukhishwa okuphelele kwezinhlayiya zamakhemikhali kanye ne-detergents ezivela ezindaweni;
- emva kokuxhumana nemithi yamakhemikhali, bonke abasebenzi kufanele bageze izandla zabo bese bezincisha ngekhilimu.
Le mithetho yokuphepha evamile iyadingeka kuzo zonke izimo zokuthintana nesisombululo se-disinfecting futhi kumele zigcinwe ngokugcwele. Uma uxhumane namehlo, bahlanza ngamanzi amaningi.
Kubalulekile! Izidingo zokuphepha eziqondile ezengeziwe zivame ukufakwa "Ezinkombandlela" zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
Imithetho yokupheka
Ukuze ulungise noma yisiphi isisombululo se-disinfecting, uzodinga iziqukathi ezincibilikisiwe noma zezingilazi ezinezimbongolo ezinamathele, izipuni zokulinganisa nama-mugs, izicathulo zokhuni zokugqugquzela, amanzi kanye nama-disinfectants.
Ukulandelana kwazo zonke izenzo kanje:
- Thela ikomishi yokulinganisa inani elifanele lamanzi.
- Cast in a container ehlukile 1/3 ketshezi.
- Thela noma uthele inani elidingekayo le-disinfectant.
- Hlanganisa yonke induku yokhuni.
- Engeza amanzi asele uphinde uhlanganise konke kahle futhi.
- Vala ngokushelela isixazululo nge-lid.
- Kulebuli esichaza usuku lokulungiselela, igama lamakhemikhali asetshenzisiwe, i-% kanye nosuku lomngcele wokusetshenziswa (abasebenzi bezokwelapha bafaka igama labo nesignesha).
Ukuze ulungise isisombululo se-bleach, i-1 kg yendaba eyomile kumele ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-9 wamanzi abandayo, ngoba ivele iwubeke nge-spatula.
I-lime le-chloric isetshenziselwa ukucubungula izindawo zokugcina izithombo zokushisa entwasahlobo, ekulwa nezifo nezinambuzane ze-currants, ama-asters, ama-lilacs, ama-phlox, nama-melon, amazambane, ama-eggplants, i-zucchini, utamatisi.
Inhlanganisela enjalo ngaphambi kokusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kufanele ihlelwe usuku, ivuselela kabili kuya kwezintathu. Isixazululo esiphelile sithunyelwa ebhodleleni elimnyama, eligqinsiwe nge-cork. Uma udinga ukulungisa isisombululo sezingqinamba ezahlukene, ungalandela izincomo ezilandelayo:
- 0.1% - kuya ku-9.9 amalitha amanzi e-100 ml yesisombululo se-bleach 10%;
- 0.2% - ngo-9.8 l wamanzi udinga ukuthatha i-200 ml yesisombululo esifanayo;
- 0.5% - ngamanzi angu-9.5 l amanzi 0.5 l we-10% isisombululo se-bleach;
- I-1% - i-9.0 l yamanzi ithatha isisombululo se-1 l se-10%.
Umxube we-chloramine ulungiswa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, usebenzisa izilinganiso ezilandelayo:
- I-1% - i-10 g yemithi ixutshwe ne-990 ml yamanzi;
- I-3% - 30 g ye-chloramine ihlangene ne-970 ml yamanzi;
- I-5% - 50 g yezinto ezincibilika ku-950 ml of liquid.
Yiqiniso, emva kokuxuba itanki ngokubunjwa, kubalulekile ukuthi ubhale ukuthi yini esetshenziselwa ukuthi kungakanani.
Isitoreji
Isitoreji esifanele sazo zonke izixazululo ezilungiselelwe ukukhipha imishanguzo ye-disinfection isinye sezidingo zokuphepha zokuqala. Okokuqala, нужно позаботиться об отдельном помещении для организации подобного мини-склада (его оборудуют всеми необходимыми стеллажами и полками для раздельного хранения дезинфицирующих и обычных моющих средств).
Kubalulekile! Ama-anti-disinfectants amancane kufanele abekwe kuma-rack metal, futhi amabhodlela okuglasi kufanele abekwe kuma-pallets.
Okwesibili, ingaphakathi lekamelo kufanele lenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukubekezelela kalula ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali (kungaba amathayili, amatayela noma udwebe wamafutha). 
Okwesithathu, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngehholo eliphelele elizokhipha njalo imfucuza eyingozi ekamelweni. Ukushisa ekugcineni kokuxazulula izixazululo kufanele kube njalo ngaphakathi kwe-0 ... +18 ° С.
Ngokuqondene nenqubo yokugcina ngokwayo, zonke izixazululo kufanele zifakwe eziqukathweni ezihlukene ngemininingwane ecacisiwe emalebula (igama, inani, ukuhlushwa kwemithi esebenzayo, usuku lomkhiqizo, impilo yeshalofu, njll).
Isitokisi sama-disinfectants kwenyanga yonke kufanele sigcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-garaji, ngaphandle kwezinto zomuntu siqu nokudla. Futhi kuyadingeka ukuba ungabandakanyi ukuxhumana okungenzeka nezixazululo zabantu abangagunyaziwe.
