Umlimi oyisivinini ohlanganyela ekutshalweni utamatisi, kufanele azi izifo ezingathinta lesi sitshalo ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwawo. Lokhu kuyimfuneko edingekayo kulabo abafisa ukuthola isivuno esinempilo nesivulekile ngokunambitheka okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa nge-fusarium - isifo esijwayelekile kakhulu samatamatisi. Sifunda ukuthi yikuphi, yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuba khona kwesifo, futhi sibone indlela yokubhekana nayo.
Uhlobo luni lwesifo futhi luvelaphi
I-Fusarium iyisifo esivamile futhi esiyingozi kakhulu sefungal. Lesi sifo esithathelwanayo singabangelwa isikhunta se-genus Fusarium. Ingazibonakalisa cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zezulu.
I-fusarium ithinta izicubu kanye nesimiso sezinsiza zemifino. Lesi sitshalo saphela, izimpande nezithelo ziqala ukubola. Inkinga nayo iwukuthi i-pathogen iyakwazi ukuhlala enhlabathini isikhathi eside, kanye nezinsalela zezitshalo, emva kwalokho kungenzeka ukuthi zishaye izitshalo ezintsha ezitshalwe.
Ukutshala okuthintekayo ngaphambili kanye nezinsiza zembewu kungase kubangele ukuthi kwenzeke lesi sifo. Noma kunjalo, njengoba kuboniswe ngabalimi abanolwazi, ukungabi khona kokukhanyisa nokuqina kwamasimu nakho kungabangela ukubonakala kwe-fusarium. 
Okubaluleke kakhulu yisici sezemvelo. Uma ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezinkulu kutholakala kude negadi, kungaba nomthelela omubi ekuvuneni kwetamatisi isiko.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angaphansi komhlaba, okweqile noma ukuntuleka kwamanyolo e-nitrogen kanye ne-chlorine aneziqu, okweqile noma ukuntuleka kokunisela, amaphutha ekushintsheni kwezitshalo angabangela ukuqhuma kwesibhamu.
Uyazi? Kwaphela isikhathi eside, utamatisi ayebhekwa njengokungabonakali kuphela, kepha futhi unobuthi. Abasimili bamazwe aseYurophu bawakhula njengezindawo zokuhlobisa, bahlobisa isikhala nxazonke. Kusukela kusuka phakathi ne-XIX leminyaka, lesi siko saqala ukukhula ensimini ye-Ukraine, iMoldova neBelarus.
Kungani kuyingozi
Ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani ne-tomato fusarium, udinga ukuqonda ingozi ebeka kulokhu isitshalo. I-Fusarium iqala umthelela wayo omubi ngokuqothula uhlelo lwempande.
I-fungus ingena emhlabathini kuqala ibe izimpande ezincane kunazo zonke, emva kwalokho idlulela ezikhudlwaneni njengoba izitshalo zikhula. Khona-ke lesi sifo ngokusebenzisa izitsha singene esitsheni bese sisakazeka emaqabunga.
Amaqabunga aphansi asheshe aphele, kuyilapho abanye beqala ukubonakala kwamanzi. Izitsha ze-petioles namahlamvu zibuthakathaka, zilukhuni, ziqala ukugoqa eduze kwesiqu. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liwela ngaphansi kwe-16 ° C, izitshalo ze-tomato zizofa ngokushesha. 
Uma kungekho izinyathelo ezithathwa ukuphatha lesi sitshalo, khona-ke emavikini angu-2-3 isivuno sizobhujiswa ngokuphelele. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukulwa nalesi sifo ngokushesha.
Izimpawu zokunqotshwa
Izimpawu zibonakaliswa kusiqondiso esiphakeme.
- Okokuqala, lesi sifo singacatshangelwa emaqabungeni aphansi enkambeni yamatamatisi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, i-Fusarium ithinta wonke amahlathi. Amahlamvu aphenduka imivimbo ephuzi noma ephuzi iqala ukukhanya.
- Ama-leaf stalks aphelile, kanti amaqabunga ngokwawo aphelile emathinini, emva kwalokho awela.
- Amahlumela aphezulu omuthi utamatisi aqala ukuphela. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lesi sitshalo soma ngokuphelele futhi sifa.
- Isigaba sokugcina sesi sifo ukufa kwesimiso.
- Lapho isimo sezulu esinyene ngezimpande singase sibonakale sibonakala sivule umthunzi okhanyayo, futhi ekushiseni kwezibonakaliso nakakhulu nakakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Izimpawu ze-fusarium zingabonakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokutshala nezimila zika utamatisi. Ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi isigaba esiyinhloko sokuqothulwa kocansi kwenzeka.
Indlela yokuvimbela ukugula
Sethula izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela ezosiza ekunciphiseni amathuba okugubha utamatisi.
Hlanganisa ukuzungeza
Ukuvimbela ukugubha ama-utamatisi kulula kakhulu kunokuba uyiphathe. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcina imigomo yokujikeleza kwezitshalo kwisayithi. Kunconywa ukutshala isiko lesitamatisi unyaka ngamunye ensimini entsha.
Ama-eggplant, i-pepper, i-physalis, namazambane ama-precursors amahle. Kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukwengeza inani elikhulu lomanyolo ophilayo ngaphansi kwama-precursors.
Uma lokhu kuphelile, ngeke kube nesidingo sokuhlakulela inhlabathi ngamanyolo we-nitrogenous angasusa ukubunjwa kwe-Fusarium.
Kubalulekile! Kunconywa ukubuyisela utamatisi ensimini engakaze ibe khona ngaphambi kwesikhathi sonyaka ka-3-4.
Ukulungiselela ukulungiselela imbewu
Ukuze uvikele izitshalo ezivela esibhedlela, kunconywa ukuba uguze imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amathuluzi weqembu le-benzimidazole, elihlanganisa "Fundazol" ne "Benazole".
Kudingeka baqobe imbewu ngaphambi kwamasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. I-1 kg yembewu izodinga cishe 5-6 g wezidakamizwa.
Isidakamizwa sidinga ukuchithwa emanzini, emva kwalokho isisombululo esilungile siphululelwa kwisipirisi sandla. Imbewu kufanele ifakwe kwisitsha. Ukusebenzisa ibhodlela le-spray, udinga ukufakafaza imbewu bese uyixuba, ngokulinganayo isakaza umkhiqizo phezu kobuso bayo.
Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-20-30 Imfucumfucu kufanele ihlakazeke ukuze imiswe ngokugcwele, bese ufakwa emasakeni bese uhamba ugcinwe kuze kufike isikhathi sokuhlwanyela.
Ukushiswa kwe-soil
Ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi esiqhingini, imibhede nayo idinga ukuxilongwa nge-fusarium. Ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo se-utamatisi, inhlabathi kufanele ikhunjulwe nge-sulfate ye-copper, 70 g yayo kufanele ihlanjululwe kulelo bhakede lamanzi.
Ungaphinda uhlanganise ufulawa noma i-doll enhlabathini, okuzosiza ekunciphiseni amathuba okubonakaliswa kwe-fusarium, ngoba ama-fungus-pathogens awawuthandi uhlobo lomhlabathi olungahambisani ne-calcium eningi.
Ekwindla, emva kokuvunwa kwezitshalo, ungeza ngokungezelelwe indawo nge-lime (100 g ngalinye 1 sq. M). Futhi ekwindla, ungasebenzisa umbhede ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma ingxube yomlotha nesulfure ephuphumayo. 
Gubungula izimpande ezitshalweni kwisisombululo
Abanye abalimi abenzi nje kuphela ukwelashwa kwembewu nenhlabathi, kodwa futhi nezithombo ngaphambi kokutshala. Uhlelo lwempande lwezithombo zotamatisi lungathathwa ngesisombululo se-antifungal imizuzwana embalwa, bese kumiswa kancane bese kufakwa emhlabathini.
Uyazi? Utamatisi ane-chromium, esiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokugcoba nokugcoba umuzwa wendlala. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho kusetshenzwa ukwelashwa okushisayo izimfanelo eziwusizo utamatisi ziphucukiswa kuphela. Kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi lithinta utamatisi elimazayo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba ugweme ukuwagcina esiqandisini.
Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umgadi wensimu kufanele azi ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela isifo sefungal:
- Ukuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Fusarium kungaba nomhlabathi owomile kakhulu nomswakama ophezulu. Kule ndaba, kubalulekile ukuhambisa umoya wokushisa njalo ngangokunokwenzeka, uma utamatisi ukhula kuwo, hhayi embhedeni ovulekile.
- Kubuye kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi bese uyihlanza igciwane ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi. Kudingeka ukhiqiza ngosizo utshwala wonke amathuluzi okusebenza - imimese, izikhali, izintambo, ucingo (garter).
- Utamatisi isiko kudinga ukukhanya okwanele. Ngakho-ke, uma kunokuntuleka kokukhanya kwemvelo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ama-incandescent ama.
- Kubalulekile ukunikeza izithombo zamatamatisi ngezimo zokushisa ezivela ku-16 kuya ku-18 ° C.
- Izinto zembewu akufanele zikhekhe kuphela, kodwa futhi zifudumeze ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
- Utamatisi ezihlahleni kunconywa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphambanisa ekuphakameni kuka-13-15 cm.
- Ukucindezela i-fungi i-pathogenic ingaba ifilimu emnyama, okufanele ibe imibhede eningi.
Izidakamizwa ngokumelene ne-fusarium
Izidakamizwa ezisiza ukulwa ne-fusarium zihlukaniswe zibe yizinto eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali. Ake sihlolisise ngamunye wabo.
Biological
Amalungiselelo e-biological asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-fusarium, ayinakho izingxenye zamakhemikhali. Lena iqoqo lamabhaktheriya alwela ukulwa ne-fungus.
Isimiso sokusebenza kwabo silula: ama-bacteria amahle kakhulu emhlabathini, kancane kunamabhomu ama-microorganic ayingozi. Izindlela zokuzisebenzisa zimi kanje:
- "I-Trichodermin" isungulwa ku-substrate yezithombo zamatamatisi. Thatha imali engu-2 g ehlathini ngalinye.
- I-"Trichodermin" efanayo ingasetshenziswa enhlabathini ngesilinganiso se-1 kg ngalinye ngamamitha ayi-skwele ayi-10. m
- Utamatisi osetshalwe kakade embhedeni uphuziswa ngesisombululo se "Planriz" noma "Pseudobactrin-2". Ukulungisa isixazululo ngokuya imiyalelo. Esiqhingini esisodwa kuzodinga cishe 100 ml of fluid.
Amanye ama-biological agents angasetshenziswa ekulwa neFusarium yi "Trihotsin", "Alirin-B" ne "Hamair". Kulabo abakhula utamatisi ngesilinganiso esikhulu, ama-isolates angamahle angaba nesithakazelo. 
Lokhu kusho ukucubungula okukhulu kwensimu. Bakwazi ukukolisa isayithi ngama-bacteria anenzuzo, ngaleyo ndlela bakhulise ukumelana kwesiko kuya eziphilayo ze-pathogenic.
Amakhemikhali
Amakhemikhali asebenza kangcono kunama-analogues eziphilayo. Kodwa banesici esibaluleke kakhulu: ngemuva kokwelapha isakhiwo ngezinhlelo ezinjalo amasonto amaningana, akunakwenzeka ukudla izithelo ezikhulayo lapho.
Lokhu kumele kukhunjulwe futhi kusetshenziswe okungenani amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna okuhlosiwe.
Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, ukulwa nokukhwabanisa okubambisanayo, kuyadingeka ukwengeza inani elikhulu le-lime noma i-dolomite ufulawa phansi. Kungenzeka futhi ukwelapha utamatisi obusika ngokulungiselela okuqukethe ithusi nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Kungenzeka yini ukulwa nesigaba esisebenzayo sokuthuthukiswa
I-Fusarium yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu samatamatisi, ngoba kokubili izinhlamvu nezifungi ezibangelwa lesi sifo ziphikisana kakhulu nokuhlasela kwamakhemikhali. Iqiniso liwukuthi inqwaba yefungi ayikho ngaphandle kwesitshalo, kodwa ngaphakathi, yingakho kunzima kakhulu ukuyisusa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka nakancane. 
Izithombo, ezathinteka kakhulu yilesi sifo, aziselapha. Kudingekile ezimweni ezinjalo ukususa iziqongqo ngezinsizi bese ushisa, ngoba isivuno ngeke sisebenze noma kunjalo, futhi ukutheleleka esihlahleni esibulalayo kuzosakazeka kubantu abaphilile.
Uma umgadi wezitshalo engathathi isenzo sokuphatha isitshalo sesitamatisi isikhathi eside, isivuno siyobhujiswa emavikini amabili nje amabili.
Izinhlobo eziphikisayo
Izinhlobo zika utamatisi ezingafuni, cishe azikho. Kodwa kukhona labo abaye baqhubeka bephikisana ne-fusarium. Lezi yizinhlamvu "Indaba", "uCarlson", "Rusich" ne "Sun".
Futhi, njengokwenza okuboniswayo, izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezinesikhathi eside eside zokwakheka kwezithelo ziphikelela. Lokho kungabizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo "De Barao", "Swallow", "Meron F1", "Orco F1", "Pink Giant" nabanye.
Njengoba ubona, i-fusarium wilt yisifo esingathandeki futhi esiyingozi kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga ukutholakala kwayo kusayithi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi ukuthatha ukwelashwa kwezitshalo. 
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ikhwalithi eliphezulu nokuhambisana nokujikelezwa kwezitshalo ezifanele.
