I-Pelargonium isitshalo esitshalwa emithini evela emndenini wakwaGeranium. I-India kanye neNingizimu Afrika kuyizwe lakubo, kepha sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka le mbali ikhule ezweni lethu njengekhaya. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-geranium, induku encane kanye ne-crane. Kodwa-ke, i-geranium ne-pelargonium ziseyizitshalo ezihlukile. Owokuqala unamandla wokulwa nesithwathwa esinamandla. Eyesibili ikhephu, i-thermophilic crumb. Kuhogela iphunga elithile kusuka koxhumana naye omncane. Kwabanye, ubonakala enokhahlo futhi engathandeki, kanti abanye bamane nje bamhlonele. Kuyakholelwa nokuthi i-pelargonium ekhaya ithuthukisa i-microclimate, futhi yenza ubudlelwane bemindeni bufudumale.
Ukubukeka
IPelargonium iyi-evergreen perennial. Utshani bayo obuqinile bumelela ngokuqinile igatsha bese bakhe isihlahlana. Bangama-meaty impela. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezineziqu eziqonde noma ezifakiwe. Bakhula ngokushesha ngosayizi. Ngonyaka nje, imbali ingakhula ngo-20-30 cm. Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwezitshalo zasendlini kungama-60-90 cm, kutholakala ngokuthena okujwayelekile nokuphinda kuvuselelwe.
Amaqabunga e-pelargonium ayizithophuthi, ayakhula futhi. Ingaphezulu leshidi alinalutho, licwebezela noma libubende. Umbala ubonakala uhlaza, kunezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesimo, amapuleti amaqabunga ayindilinga, anenhliziyo enomzimba noma wesandla. Ukukhululeka kwemithambo ye-radial kuyabonakala ebusweni.
Ekhaya, ukuqhakaza kwe-pelargonium kungahlala cishe unyaka wonke, kepha kuvame ukwenzeka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Emajumeni amaqabunga naseziqongweni zamahlumela, kukhula isivande esijikeleze isikhathi eside. Iphatha isambulela, cishe i-inflorescence eyindilinga. Izimbali ezisezintanjeni ezifushane zitholakala eduze komunye nomunye. Adwetshwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene ebomvu, mhlophe nphuzi. Ukwakheka kwe-whisk kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo. Imvamisa iqukethe amacembe ama-5, ahlukile ngosayizi.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo ziyavuthwa - amabhokisi embewu. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokugcwele zivula ngaphansi, kufana nomlomo wesigaxa. Empeleni, igama elithi "pelargonium" livela egameni elithi "crane".
Izinhlobo zePelargonium
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-250 zezitshalo ezikuhlobo lwe-pelargonium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zezimali ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene ziyaqhubeka nokuphikisana mayelana nokuhlukaniswa. Ezinhlwini ezitshaliwe, ziyisithupha kuphela, kepha inani lezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa limane likhulu.
IPelargonium yi-zonal. Uhlobo lwakhona lwalusakazeke kakhulu futhi lungelokuqala kokutshalwa. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-75,000. Isitshalo esinezimpande ezinamagatsha anamanzi, esinamachaphaza aminyene, sinamaqabunga ayindilinga sikhula ngokushesha. Eplatheni leshidi engxenyeni ephakathi kukhona indawo elula (indawo). Sizungezwe ukugoqa okukhanyayo. Izimbali ziningi kakhulu. Kuze kufinyelele izambulela ezinkulu eziyishumi ezinemibala egqamile ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-Foliage ifaka iphunga elithile. Izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu anengqondo:
- IPelargonium ibunjiwe i-tulip. Ngisho nezimbali eziqhakaza zihlala zimincane impela futhi zifana ne-tulip buds. I-inflorescence ngayinye ithwala inani elikhulu lezimbali.
I-Pelargonium tulip - I-Terry pelargonium. Imbali ngayinye inamaphara ayi-9 noma ngaphezulu:
- i-dovepoint - isihlahla esimfushane ngezimbali ezinkulu eziphinki nezimhlophe;
- i-brookside Katerina - izimbali ezi-pink ezikhanyayo;
- i-magnus - isihlahla esicwebezelayo, esikhula kancane futhi esinamaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama siqhakaza izimbali ezibomvu;
- ama-saxdalens selma - aqeda kakhulu ukuqhuma kwama-rose aminyene;
- i-wendy real - isitshalo esincane esine-salmon-pink corollas;
- udadewethu henry - isihlahla esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo esinamaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama sichitha ama-inflorescence amnyama apinki;
- igolide elinesibindi - amaqabunga aluhlaza egolide ahlanganiswe nama-salmon buds;
- i-pensby - isihlahla esincane esinama-inflorescence aminyene wama-buds athambile apinki;
- I-Kenny's Double - isitshalo esiphakathi nendawo ngasikhathi sinye sikhiqiza ama-inflorescence amaningi ngezimbali ezibomvu ze-raspberry.
I-Terry pelargonium - I-Pelargonium roseaceous (pink). Izitshalo ezinezimbali ezingama-terry ezibukeka njengama roses amancane.
- isithwathwa se-april - izimbali ngesimo samaroses amade amhlophe anomngcele wepinki emaphayini;
- ishalofu moira - isihlahla esimfushane esimbozwe izimbali zamakhorali, ezinjenge-rose;
- i-anita - iqhakaza ngezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe-ezipinki futhi ikhule ngamaqabunga amakhulu acwebezelayo;
- I-vectis rosebud iyisihlahla esiminyene esihlangene esinamahlamvu aqhamile abomvu.
IPelargonium reticulum - I-pelargonium engaphindwa kabili. Izitshalo ezinezimbali ezilula ezinhlanu.
- i-bob newing - amaqabunga esundu e-angular ahlukaniswe ngombala oluhlaza okomnyama, omhlophe no-pink, izimbali zicacile, zibomvu.
I-pelargonium engaphindwa kabili
IPelargonium pelvic (enkulu). Izithombo ezinwabuzelayo zikhula ngo-25-100 cm ubude. Zimbozwe ngamaqabunga abushelelezi angalingani ne-ivy. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, izimbali ziphindwe kabili noma zilula. Aqoqwe kuma-inflorescence aminyene. Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zamehlo aluhlaza - izimbali ezinesiqingatha noma eziphindwe kabili zombala onsomi-onsomi esikhungweni zinamehlo aluhlaza.
I-Royal pelargonium. Muhle kakhulu, kodwa isitshalo somody. Ihlukaniswa ngosayizi wayo omkhulu kanye nezithombo ezinamandla ezinamagatsha anamanzi. Umqhele omnyama ungaphezulu kuka-50 cm. Amahlamvu abanzi we-serated afana ne-maple. Izimbali ezinkulu ezinamaphalishi ahlanganisiwe akhula ngo-4-7 cm ububanzi. Umbala ulawulwa ngumbala onsomi, opinki, obomvu. Ama-petals ahlala ehlukahlukene. Izitshalo zidinga isikhathi sokuphumula. Izimbali azihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-4.
IPelargonium ye-Grandiflora (izimbali ezinkulu). Isihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi afinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama simbozwe ngamaqabunga athambile noma asusiwe kuma-petioles amade. I-Foliage ayinalutho noma i-pubescent kancane. I-peduncle ngayinye ithwala izimbali ezingama-1-3 ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-3-4. Imivimbo ebomvu itholakala ezinhlangwini ezimhlophe. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngo-Ephreli-Juni.
Ingelosi kaPelargonium. Uhlobo luye lwatholakala ngenxa yokukhethwa kwe-interspecific. Ihlukahluka ngamahlamvu amancane (1-2 cm ubukhulu) amahlamvu kanye nezithombo ezinwabuzelayo. Lesi sitshalo sincane kakhulu futhi sikhula ngokushesha. Ihlakaza izimbali ezilula ze-asymmetric ngezinsimbi ezinkulu eziphakeme. Izinhlobonhlobo "imvukuzane" ikhula iqine, iziqu zayo zikhule, zimbozwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo. Iziqongo zihlotshiswe ngama-inflorescence ngamacembe amhlophe nangama-burgundy.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ekhaya, i-pelargonium isatshalaliswa ukusikwa kanye nembewu. Indlela ye-vegetative isetshenziswa kaningi, ngoba ilula ngangokunokwenzeka futhi inezimpawu zokuhlukahluka kwesitshalo somama. Ama-pelargoniums amaningi adinga ukuthenwa njalo, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthola. Imvamisa thatha amahlumela angu-2-15 cm ubude ngezindawo ezingama-1-2. Isilayidi senziwa ngokubhekisisa ibanga elibukhali kude ne-5 mm ukusuka esizeni. Uma kunezimbali, zisuswa ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zomzimba. Amapuleti eshidi amakhulu asikwa phakathi. Kuyinto elula ukusika izimpande emanzini, futhi lapho izimpande zivela, zitshale enhlabathini evulekile, evundile. Ngokushesha ungakhomba amahlumela ezimbizeni ezinamanzi kodwa hhayi ezimanzi. Okwe-zonal pelargonium kulondoloze izinga lokushisa lika-20 ... + 25 ° C. Izingelosi, zasebukhosini ne-ivy zidinga ukugcinwa ku + 18 ° C. Inqubo yokubamba imbala ithatha amasonto ama-2 (zonal) iya ezinyangeni ezi-3 (yasebukhosini). Izimbali zokuqala zingavela phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ukukhulisa i-pelargonium kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kufanele uqale ulungiselele lokho kokutshala. Imbewu enesikhumba emincane iyacekeleka. Ngemuva kwalokho zibekwa ethangeni elimanzi usuku. Izitshalo zikhiqizwa ezimbizeni ezingajulile ngenhlanganisela ye-perlite ne-peat kuya ku-3-5 mm. Afafazwa ngamanzi futhi ambozwe ifilimu. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku + 21 ... + 23 ° C. Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15. Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa bese isitsha sidluliselwa egumbini elinokukhanya okugqamile. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ayi-2 ezitshalweni, athelwa ezimbizeni ezihlukile. Izinhlobo zethu ezincane zidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ngakho zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwasemuva.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
I-Pelargonium, ngaphandle kwendalo yasebukhosini, iyizitshalo ezingatheneki, kepha zonke kufanele zikhethe indawo enhle futhi zinake ngezikhathi ezithile.
Isibani Isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya kwemini ende nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile ngeke kulimaze. Ebusika, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isibani sangemuva ukuze iziqu zingeluli.
Ukushisa IPelargonium izoba ntofontofo ngo + 25 ° C. Ehlobo, kuyalulekwa ukuletha imbali kuvulandi noma ku-veranda. Ebusika, kunconywa ukuhlinzeka ngokuqukethwe okupholile (+ 12 ... + 14 ° C). Lokhu kuvusa ukubekwa kwezimbali eziqhakazayo.
Umswakama. Isitshalo sivumelana kalula nomswakama ojwayelekile wasendlini. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela zesikhathi sokushisa lapho izeluleko zamaqabunga zingomile. Ukuvimbela, umqhele uyafafazwa kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza. Zama ukuvimba amanzi ukuthi awaqoqeke ngamaconsi.
Ukunisela. IPelargonium ayihambisani nesomiso, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunika owasemhlabeni okwesithathu ukuze ome. Amanzi amaningi kufanele akhishwe.
Umanyolo. Ngomhlabathi ovundile kahle, ukondla okujwayelekile akudingekile. Kwanele ukufaka umanyolo amahlandla ama-1-2 ngokuvama kwamaviki ama-2-3 ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa kanye nokuqhakaza. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zamaminerali ezinokuqukethwe okuphakeme kwe-phosphorus. Izinto eziphilayo azingathandeki.
Izihlahla. Kujwayelekile kuwo wonke ama-pelargoniums ukwelula, ngakho-ke izitshalo ziyanqunywa ngezikhathi ezithile, zishiya amafindo angama-2-2 emhlabathini. Ukuthenwa kwamahlamvu aphuzi nokomile nawo ayenziwa. Kulokhu, isisekelo se-petiole sishiyelwa esiqwini.
Ukufakelwa Izitshalo zitshalwa njalo emva kweminyaka engama-1-3. Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Imbiza kufanele ikhethwe ngosayizi ophakathi hhayi omkhulu kakhulu, kepha iyaqina. Ungqimba olugqinsi lwezinto zokudonsa uthululwa phansi. Engxenyeni yenhlabathi engeza isihlabathi, i-peat, i-turf kanye nenhlabathi yamaqabunga ngamanani alinganayo.
Izifo nezinambuzane. Lapho inhlabathi igcwala noma kumanzi egumbini, i-pelargonium imvama ihlushwa izifo zokukhunta (i-grey rot, ukugqwala). Kusenesikhathi, bazama ukususa izindawo ezonakele futhi baphathe ukwelashwa kokubulala isikhunta. Uma kungenzeki ukusindisa imbali yonke, sika izingcezu eziqwini ezinempilo. Inhlabathi ithathelwa indawo ngokuphelele, ibhodwe lihlatshwe ngamanzi abilayo. Izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezivamile yizimbungulu, ama-mealybugs, izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-spips kanye nama-aphid. Akunzima ukuwasusa ngosizo lwama-insecticides, kepha kubalulekile ukubona izinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuze lokhu, kuhlolwe ngokuphelele ngezikhathi ezithile.
