Esikhathini sethu sezulu, u-anyanisi utshalwe iminyaka emibili. Ngonyaka wokuqala bahlwanyela imbewu - chernushka. I-anyanisi sevok ikhula ekwindla kusukela kulezi zinhlanzi, kanti entwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo itshalwe emibhedeni. Kuzo ama-bul amakhulu akhula ekwindla. Anyanisi yisitshalo esidumile semifino emazweni amaningi emhlabeni. Ikhulile isikhathi eside futhi isetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko nokupheka. Ungakhula ensimini kanye nasekhaya, efasiteleni.
Incazelo ye-anyanisi Sevka: Lesi siko i-anyanisi amancane anonyaka anesisindo esingu-1.5 - 2.5 cm.
Kubalulekile! I-anyanisi amasethi ukutshala izinto, hhayi ezihlukahlukene.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo ze-anyanisi, ezifanele ukukhula esimweni esithile sezulu.
Izinhlobo ezidumile: Sturon, Stuttgarter Riesen, Centurion, Hercules, Red Baron.
Uyazi? Emvelweni, kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa anyanisi. Omunye walawa yi-Moli (Allium moly) anyanisi, enezimbali eziphuzi.
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala u-anyanisi Sevka
Ukuze ukwazi ukutshala lesi sitshalo esitshalwe, udinga ukukhumbula imithetho embalwa elula yokunakekela nokulima. Siqala ngokukhetha isayithi lokufika. Imibhede kufanele ibe enomoya ovutha kahle futhi ovuthayo. I-Sevok ayibekezelelisi umswakama owedlula, ngakho imibhede kufanele ibe endaweni lapho amanzi emvula engahlali khona. Izwe kufanele libe lula, elikhululekile, elivundile. Ngomhlabathi we-anyanisi okhuni awunakukwazi ukukhula. Uhlobo lomhlabathi kulula ukucacisa, vele udobe ifosholo izikhathi eziningana:
- inhlabathi yobumba - isilonda esindayo, sinamathela efosheni (udinga ukwenza amabhakethi amabili - amathathu we-peat noma isanti)
- i-sandy loam noma i-loam - umhlaba ululazwa kalula ngamafosholo (inhlabathi ifanele ukulima)
- sandstone - inhlabathi iqhuma futhi izibhamu nezimbumbulu azakhiwanga (ukusungulwa kwama-humus noma ama-compost kuzokwenza inhlabathi efanele ukuhlwanyela anyanisi, izonikeza umhlaba izakhi futhi zizofaka isandla ekugcineni umswakama)
Kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala emhlabathini, lapho kunama-garlic amazolo noma i-beetroot. Amasiko emigodla yizona ezihamba phambili ze-sevka: utamatisi, i-zucchini, ithanga. Ukhula kahle eduze kwezaqathe. Akunakwenzeka ukutshala isivuno emhlabathini lapho kusetshenziswa khona umquba omusha. Ngonyaka kuphela kule ndawo izoba kuhle ukufika. Ukunakekela i-sevsk enkundleni evulekile kuhlukile ngokubamba ukushisa.Ukulungiselela imibhede yamaqoqo anyanisi
Lungiselela ukutshala kusengaphambili, ulungiselela umbhede emuva ekwindla. Inhlabathi imisiwe kahle, ukhula luyakususwa futhi lufakwe ngesixazululo sulfate sulfate. Ngaphambi kwama-frosts okuqala, umbhede uphelelwa kahle, futhi ebusika kuyadingeka ukususa iqhwa kulo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi igubha kahle, kanti ngonyaka ozayo lesi sitshalo ngeke sinakeke kakhulu yizifo nezinambuzane.
Ngentwasahlobo, umhlaba ukhululiwe nge-rake noma kancane ukugoba ukuze ungaphazamisi isakhiwo somhlabathi futhi ugcine umswakama. Izitshalo eziqukethe umquba nezitshalo zomanyolo zisetshenziswa - hhayi ezijulile, ukuze izimpande ezisezingeni elingenhla lomhlaba zithole izakhi. Umphumela omuhle unikeza umanyolo obunzima.
Ukulungiselela imbewu (chernushki)
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu imbewu kufanele ihlolwe ukuhluma. Inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuthatha imbewu encane (izingcezu ezingu-15 - 20) bese uzibeka endwangu emanzi. Emasontweni ambalwa, kuzokwazi ukukwahlulela ukuthi ngabe lezi zinhlobo kufanele zisetshenziswe yini ukuhlwanyela. Uma kuvela amahlumela, ungaqala ukuhlwanyela. Okulandelayo udinga ukulungiselela imbewu ukuvimbela izifo ze-fungal:
- Imbewu ihlanganiswe ngendwangu bese ibhapathizwa emanzini ashisayo imizuzu engu-15.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, faka emanzini abandayo ngomzuzu owodwa.
- Khona-ke imbewu inamanzi amahora angu-24 emanzini afudumele.
- Hamba 1-2 izinsuku eziboshwe ngendwangu emanzi ekamelweni lokushisa.
Imbewu ilungiswa ngenye indlela: i-oksijeni inikezwa esitsheni ngamanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi kanti imbewu iyancipha lapho amahora angu-20. Ngemva kwalokho zomile. Imbewu yeMbewu ilungele ukutshala.Izinsuku zembewu
Isikhathi se-seeding sincike ngesimo sezulu. Ungahlwanyela i-chernushka ezinsukwini ezifudumele zaseFebhuwari. Kodwa ikakhulukazi imbewu yokuhlwanyela yenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho umhlaba ushisa kakhulu futhi ungawugubha.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu ye-anyanisi: izindlela zokutshala
Ukuze wazi ukuthi kulula kanjani ukukhula isethi ye-anyanisi, udinga ukukhumbula izinto ezimbalwa ezilula. Ukulima kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: imbewu yokutshala, ebizwa ngokuthi "chernushka", kanye nokutshala okulandelayo kwezinzalo zika-anyanisi, ezitholakala imbewu, entwasahlobo. Ukuhlwanyela kwembewu kwenziwa nge-tape method. Umbhede kufanele ube ngamamitha amabili ububanzi futhi ube nenhlabathi evulekile. Ukujula kwe-groove kufanele kube yi-1.5-2 cm ngokujula, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwembewu kufanele libe yi-1-1.5 cm. 
Kubalulekile! Uma imbewu ingavamile ukuhlwanyelwa, khona-ke kuyoba khona amasethi anyanisi amakhulu. Uma ngokuvamile - nevyzrevshy sevok encane. Igcinwe kabi futhi ikhula ekuseni.
Umbhede ohlwanyela imbewu uhlanganiswe nengqimba encane ye-peat futhi uchithe ngokucophelela. Khona-ke sigubha ngefilimu ukwakha amanzi afanelekayo kanye nombuso womoya wokuhluma imbewu. Lapho imbewu ihluma, susa ifilimu. Kubalulekile ukunaka agrotechnology yokulima. Ukuhlwanyela kakhulu imbewu, i-anyanisi iyoba yilawa usayizi: uma ukujula kuyi-2-3 cm, izithombo zizoba ngcono. Uma uhlwanyela amancane - amahlumela angenakwenzeka, izitshalo ezincane, zikhula i-anyanisi sevke. Uma uhlwanyela ngokujulile - imbewu ayihlwanyeli kahle, ama-bulb amancane noma angeke akhiwe nhlobo.
Izitshalo ezilandelayo nazo zihlanjululwa yizimbewu: ukhukhamba, beet, zucchini, utamatisi, ubhontshisi, uphizi, amathanga, amakhabe, amakhabe, ummbila kanye ne-sunflower.
Ukunakekela nokulima u-anyanisi Sevka
Lesi siko asidingi ukunaka okuningi ekutshalweni nasekunakekeleni. Lesi sitshalo sizoba nemfanelo enhle uma ulandela imithetho embalwa elula.
Ukunisela umhlabathi
Ukunisela izitshalo zokutshala akukona kabili ngesonto, kuphela ngoMeyi noJuni, uma kungekho mvula. Engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi yokukhula akufanele iphuze, ngoba ama-bulp avuthwe.
Weeding futhi ukhululeke phakathi kwemigqa
Omunye wemithetho ebalulekile ukukhipha ukhula futhi ungavumeli uqweqwe lomhlabathi lufake. Uma ungasusi ukhula, ukukhula kwezithombo zika-anyanisi kunciphisa. Ukuqina kwenhlabathi akuvumeli amahlumela ukuba akhule kahle futhi anciphise ikhwalithi yesitshalo. Imbewu yeChernushka ingaxubana nesithombo noma imbewu ye-ulethisi. Kuyasiza ukuthola ukuthi imigqa ye-anyanisi itholakala kuphi, njengoba i-lettuce nesithombo zihluma ngokushesha. Lapho u-anyanisi ekhuphuka, izitshalo ze-beacon zingasuswa.
I-thinning yokuqala yenziwa lapho ambalwa amashidi avela ehlathini. Shiya phakathi kwabo kufanele kube yi-1.5 - 2 cm. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, amaqabunga angenayo isikhathi sokwenza ngobuningi obanele, kanti ama-bulbs amancane.
Uyazi? Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo futhi bakhule u-anyanisi oluhlaza kuthiwa bahlushwa kakhulu yizifo ze-catarrhal ngisho nasezifo ze-epidemics.
Umanyolo
Amasiko afakwa kabili phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Uma inhlabathi ingenamsoco ezakhiweni, ke ugeze isikhathi sesithathu. Isikhathi sokuqala ukwenza ukugqoka, uma kukhona amaqabunga aluhlaza. Ihlanganiswa ne-superphosphate, urea ne-potassium chloride. Emva kwamasonto ambalwa, ukugqoka okwesibili ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa; okwesithathu kwenziwa ukondla ama-foliar ngezitshalo nge-potash umquba, okusiza ukuvuthwa kangcono.
Izitshalo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekeleni nasekulimeni izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe kanye nokuvunwa kwazo okulandelayo, okungukuthi amaminerali, i-potashi, i-nitroammophoska, i-peat, i-potashi usawoti, umlotha okhuni kanye ne-potassium humate.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo
Izifo nezinambuzane ziletha umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni.
Ukuthunga i-sevok kungathinteka yizifo ezinjalo:
- i-downy isikhutha;
- i-chalcosporosis;
- i-anthracnose;
- intamo yokubola;
- umnsalo womongo.
I-anyanisi yezinambuzane ezinamahloni kuneziningi. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- i-anyanisi fly;
- i-anyanisi thrips;
- i-covertly;
- imvukuzane;
- i-onion hover;
- stem nematode.
Ukuze uvimbele izifo nezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukuhlanza indawo kusuka kokhula, izitshalo ezifile, izithelo ezibolile, amaqabunga. Yonke imfucuza esakhiweni sokushisa noma ukucwilisa emgodini. Iningi lemithombo ye-pathogenic igcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo futhi ngaphansi kwezici zefilimu. Ngakho-ke, njalo ngonyaka inhlabathi kufanele ichithe.Ukuvuna nokugcina izithombo ze-anyanisi
Ukuvunwa kufanele kube ngo-Agasti. Kodwa uma ehlobo ngokuvamile kuvutha, isiko singavuna ekuqaleni, ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi. Kusukela umswakama obuningi kunomthelela ekuhlumeni kabusha kwenzalo, futhi umnsalo onjalo uzogcinwa kabi. Kusadingeka ukuba unake umbala wamaqabunga. Uma beqala ukuphenduka, futhi ama-bulb afinyelele usayizi oyifunayo, ungaqala ukuqoqa.
Ungayigcina kanjani amasethi anyanisi? Udinga ukukhetha indawo emnyama, eyomile nepholile, ukuze imifino ingahluma ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukuze ugcine imbewu ye-anyanisi kahle, udinga ukukhumbula imithetho ethile:
- Amaqoqo anyanisi ahlungwa futhi ashiywe kanzima, ebushelelezi, anyanisi obukhulu.
- Ungavumeli izinto zokutshala ezibolile zibe esitsheni ngomnsalo.
- Izimpande kumele zome.
- Kuyadingeka ukuba umise kahle lesi sitshalo. Kuxhomeke kulokhu isethi izogcinwa isikhathi esingakanani. Ungakwazi ukufaka i-braid bese uyomile phezu kwesitofu. Enye indlela yokumisa ukubeka isethi enqolobaneni yokugcina bese ushiya endaweni efudumele.
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lizoba ngaphezu kuka -10 ° C, ungaqala ukutshala.
