I-currant ne-gooseberry hybrid - ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwe-yoshta

Namuhla, abalimi banikeza abalimi izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukile zezitshalo eziheha ukunakwa ngezithelo ezintsha, iphunga noma izakhiwo zokuhlobisa. Izibonelo ezinjalo zifaka i-hybrid of currants nama-gooseberries.

Incazelo nezimpawu ze-hybrid of currants nama-gooseberries

Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lunomlando onzima, ngoba utholakala ngokuwela.

Imvelaphi yegama: ama-gooseberries awela nama-currants, njengoba besho

Abalimi abaningi sebezwile ngezinhlobonhlobo ezitholwe ngokuwela ama-gooseberries kanye nama-currants. Ihlukile ezimfanelweni zayo, i-hybrid ibizwa nge- yoshta.

Izithelo ezivuthiwe

Umlando womsuka

Ukuwela izinhlobo ezimbili zamajikijolo kwakusenziwa ngu-Ivan Michurin, kepha ngumfuyi uRudolf Bauer owayenenhlanhla. I-Yoshta hybrid yeza eRussia ngonyaka we-1986. Emva kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sathuthukiswa, futhi izimfanelo zalo yathuthuka.

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo

Ngombuzo, i-hybrid yama-gooseberries nama-currants amnyama, njengoba besho, ingaphendulwa ngohlu lwamagama ezinhlobonhlobo. Lokhu:

• I-Rike Hungary;
• I-Soviet Zvyagina hybrid;
• I-Christine;
• UKrondal ungowaseMelika.

Izici zalezi zingxube ziyefana nama-currants nama-gooseberries. Abatholanga ukwabiwa okuqinile ezifundeni zaseRussia.

Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva kufaka izinhlobo, ezaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi:

• EMB. Isihlahla sabavuno baseNgilandi sinobude obungamamitha ayi-1,8. Izimbali zokuqala zinikeza ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Ukukhiqiza - 5-10 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye;
• IsiCrohn. Izinhlobonhlobo zingokwabathuthukisi baseSweden. Amajikijolo abonakala ngosayizi omncane, ukugcinwa isikhathi eside ehlathini nokunambitheka okungalungile. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kusetshenziselwa ukudala uthango oluhle. Ukukhiqiza - kuze kufike ku-3 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye;
• Moreau. Lesi shrub sinomumo wekholomu. Amajikijolo afana nama-cherries, isikhumba sawo simbala onsomi, iphunga lisentekenteke;
• Yohimi. Izinhlobonhlobo zingabizwa ngokuthi ukuthuthuka okuphumelela kakhulu. Inika izithelo ezinhle emazweni aseMedithera. Amabhasi akhula aze afike kumamitha ayi-2. Ukukhiqiza - kuze kufike ku-10 kg ehlathini ngalinye;
• Rext Amabheshi akhiwa ngamahlumela aqondile, amajikijolo amnandi. Ukukhiqiza - 5-10 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa.

Izici zebhasi

I-Yoshta isihlahla eside esidala esingenawova. Amagatsha awo okusakaza anamandla agawulwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Isitshalo sokutshala okuhle kufanele sibe namagatsha angama-20 (ngenani elilinganayo lamagatsha onyakeni woku-1 nowesi-2 wokukhula). Izimpande ezithuthukisiwe zijula ​​emhlabathini ziye kuma-40 cm, ngakho-ke isitshalo sidinga ukutshala ezindaweni ezivulekile.

Izici zikajikijolo

Amajikijolo akhiwa kubhulashi kuze kube yizicucu ezi-5 (kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube yizicucu ezi-9). Isisindo saso sivame cishe ngama-g 3. Noma kunjalo, kwezinye izinhlobo lesi sikhombisi sifinyelela ku-5 amajikijolo angama-Yoshta afana nama-cherries avuthiwe. Isikhumba esinsundu-esimnyama sesithelo siminyene, imbewu enincane ngaphakathi. Inyama inambitha uswidi futhi omuncu nge-tint emincane musky.

Amajikijolo ayadingeka ekuphekeni. Zithuthwa kahle futhi zigcinwa isikhathi eside. Izithelo zihlala emagatsheni zize ziwe, noma ngabe sezivuthiwe ngokuphelele.

Izici zeBanga

Izinhlobonhlobo ihlukile, ngoba ihlanganisa izici zama-currants nama-gooseberries. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, kufanele ufunde inqubo yokuvuthwa kwezithelo, izimfanelo zokunambitha kanye nezinye izinhlaka ezibalulekile ze-hybrid.

Isikhathi sokuvula nesivuno

Ukubuthwa kabusha kwamajikijolo e-yoshta kuqala ngoJulayi futhi kuthatha amasonto ama-3. Njengoba izithelo zibambelele ngokuqinile emagatsheni, akufanelekile ukwesabe ukuthi bazoqala ukubhoboka.

Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, isisindo samajikijolo singaba ngu-3-5 g, kanye nesivuno ngokunakekelwa okufanele - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye.

Izici zokunambitha

Izinhlobo, izinhlobo ezintsha ze-nzalo ze-currant enama-gooseberries, ngaso sonke isikhathi zilwela ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwazo. Njengomthetho, lo bheri ubonakala ngamanothi amnandi namuncu ngokuthinta kwe-nutmeg.

Ukumelana nesomiso nesithwathwa

Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva kwesiphambano phakathi kwama-gooseberries nama-currants amnyama kuhloswe ngawo ukukhulisa isivuno nokunambitheka kwesitshalo. Indawo ebalulekile yanikezwa ukumelana nesithwathwa nokumelana nesomiso. Izinhlobo zokugcina zithole ukwanda kokuqina kwesithwathwa, izidingo eziphansi zokunisela nohlobo lomhlabathi.

Ama-hybrids asanda kuzalwa awathandi umswakama ngokweqile futhi awadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.

Ukugula kanye nokulwa nezinambuzane

Abafuyi abazama ukuwela ama-currants ngama-gooseberry anikeza indawo ebalulekile yokuqinisa ukumelana kwama-nzalo ezifweni ezifuywayo nezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, nzalo yesimanje isivele igula kakhulu kunabazali bayo. Bajwayeleke kakhulu ekuhlaselweni yikhokhwane yezinso, bamelana kakhulu nokubona okumbala onsundu kanye nokubomvu.

Ukusetshenziswa kukaBerry

Amajikijolo ama-Yoshta ayindawo yokugcina inqwaba yamavithamini nezinto eziwusizo emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaphansi kwethonya lazo, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyathuthuka, izinsimbi ezisindayo nezinto ezinobuthi ziyaqedwa, bese amasosha omzimba eqiniswa.

Ngamajikijolo angaphendulwanga we-yoshta, uthola ujeli omnandi, ujamu kanye ujamu. Ezithelo ezivuthiwe zenza amawayini, utshwala, amakhompiyutha.

Iwayini

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo

Izinzuzo ze-hybrid zifaka:

• ukwahluka kwesitshalo (okutshaliwe ukuthola amajikijolo nanjengengxenye yendawo);
• ukuntuleka kwama-spikes amahlumela;
• ukunambitheka kwe-musky kwasekuqaleni;
• ukumelana nesithwathwa;
• amahlumela amancane;
• ukwehla emhlabathini.

Umthengi:

• uma kuqhathaniswa nabazali kunika umkhiqizo omncane;
• kungcono ukuthi impova ihlwanyele ama-gooseberries kanye nama-currants eduzane;
• isikhathi sokuvuthwa sithatha izinyanga ezi-2.

Isimo se-hybrid

Ukutshala izithombo ezincane esizeni

Ukufika kwe-Yoshta kusho ezinye izici. Ngezansi kuzochazwa imithetho yokulungiselela izithombo nama-nuances wokuzitshala.

Ukukhetha kanye nokulungiselela izithombo

Ukutshala, izitshalo ezineminyaka engama-1-3 ubudala ziyasetshenziswa. Izithombo kufanele zibe nohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe. Amacembe aluhlaza-mbala azofakaza ngesimo esihle sesithombo.

Isikhathi nephethini yokufika

Ukufakwa kwamalambu kungenziwa ngoSepthemba noma ngo-Ephreli. Insimu enomoya omanzi nenelanga izoba yinto evumayo.

Ukukhetha indawo yokubeka

Lesi sitshalo sizizwa sikhululekile enhlabathini evundile ene-aeration ephezulu. Ama-chernozems afanele, amazwe avuzayo kanye nesihlabathi. Njengoba izitshalo zithanda indawo ene-acidic kancane noma engathathi hlangothi, kufanele kufakwe i-chalk lapho utshala emithonjeni.

Ukulungiswa kwesiza

Ngaphambi kokutshala (ngezinsuku ezingama-60), izindawo lapho izitshalo zizotshalwa khona kufanele zembiwe zijule ngamasentimitha angama-50. Kubalulekile ukususa izimpande zokhula namatshe.

Inqubo yokufakelwa

Wells zenziwa ngokujula kwama-25 cm. Faka njalo izitini ezichotshoziwe nomlotha phansi. Uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo lubekwa emgodini futhi ungcwatshwe. Amanzi amaningi athululelwa endaweni yokufika, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi lumbozwe ngotshani.

Izimbobo zokufakelwa

Izici zokunakekelwa kwesizini

I-Yoshta, njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo esitshaliwe, idinga ukunakekelwa okuthile. Ngezansi kuzochazwa izici zokunisela nokukhulula.

Ukunisela nokondla

Ngokunikezwe ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ze-yoshta zingezomndeni wakwaKryzhovnikov, idinga inhlabathi enomswakama ngokulinganayo. Ukuchelela okuqinisiwe kungenziwa kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima nangesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo. Ochwepheshe beluleka ngokunisela izihlahla kanye ngesonto, bagcwalise lesi sitshalo ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

Ukudla izitshalo kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• ama-bird droppings (noma i-mullein) ethulwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla somhluzi entwasahlobo lapho kuvela amahlumela. Ukugxila kwe-litter kuhlanjululwe emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10 futhi kuthululelwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla i-10 l / m2;
• ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izihlahla zivundiswa nge-superphosphate noma i-potassium sulfate. Ngaphansi kwempande nge-1 m2, i-40 g yanoma yisiphi isidakamizwa isetshenziswa;
• Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwesitshalo se-Autumn kugxile kwikhwalithi yenhlabathi. Ama-humus, ama-mullein noma ama-mineral fertilizer angasetshenziswa (isb. Nitroammofosk 40 g / m2).

Ukulima nokutshala

Njengoba izimpande ze-yoshta zishiya inhlabathi ingama-40 cm, inqubo yokuvula eyenziwe ngemuva kokunisela ingenziwa ngaphandle kwengozi yomonakalo wesitshalo. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukusebenzisa i-mulching esikhundleni sokuvula.

Ukusetshenziswa kweziqu

I-hybrid, ebizwa nge-yoshta, isho izihlahla ezihlakazayo, eziba yinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo. Amagatsha amancanyana asindayo aqala ukugoba futhi athinte umhlabathi, okuholela kulimaza ehlathini ngesikhunta kanye nezifo. Ukugwema lokhu, ochwepheshe batusa ukubopha izihlahla.

Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela

I-Yoshta, njengama-currants, ithinteka kalula ukugqwala kanye ne-septoria. Izimbuzane, izimvemvane, ama-aphid, ama-aphid nama-glaziers kuyakujabulela ukuhlala kuzo. Inhlabathi nezithombo zingavinjelwa yi-fungicides (ngokwesibonelo, i-sulphate yethusi).

Izihlahla

Njengoba isihlahla singalahli amahlumela amaningi, kwakheka izithelo kumaphakethe wangonyaka odlule. Isihlahla seShrub kufanele senziwe njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela avele noma ekwindla ngemuva kokuvunwa. Amagatsha aphukile futhi anesifo, kanye nalawo enza lukhuni esihlahleni, kufanele asuswe.

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Ngemuva kokuvunwa, lesi sitshalo silungiselela ubusika - amagatsha amaningi ngokweqile ayasuswa, ama-pontshi awonakele futhi agulayo anqunyiwe. Amafushane amfishane, athinta umhlabathi. Ngemuva kokuthena, izihlahla zinikezwa izigqoko eziphezulu zokugqoka.

Izihlahla

Ukuzala

Lapho kuba nesidingo sokusabalalisa i-yoshta, ungasebenzisa izindlela eziningana: ukwahlukanisa isihlahla, ukuhlukanisa amahlumela nokusika.

Ukuhlukaniswa kweShrub kudluliselwa emuva uma isitshalo sesikhulile noma sidinga ukuthungwa. Ngemuva kwalokho i-rhizome yesihlahla sembiwa ihlukaniswe izingxenye, iphathwe ngekhambi le-manganese futhi itshalwe.

Izimbumbulu

Lokhu kusebenzisa kwenziwa ngamagatsha aluhlaza noma aqine. Esimweni sokuqala, izingxenye ze-aplic zezithombe ziyasikwa futhi zitshaleke.

Ubude bezinsika mazingabi ngaphezu kwama-cm angama-20. Inhlabathi ezungezwe ngamahlumela iyabhanqwa futhi iniselwe ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa

Ukusakazeka kwesitshalo ngokufaka izingqimba kulula. Entwasahlobo, ihlumela le-yoshta licindezelwa phansi, libekwe emgodini bese wembelwa ngenhlabathi. Ekwindla, izingcezu zinqunywa esihlahleni, zimbiwe futhi zitshale kwenye indawo.

Ukulungiselela

Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo

UJoshta, njengabazali bakhe, ulimele:

• i-powdery hlobo;
• i-anthracosis;
• isifo sofuba;
• USeporia;
• ukugqwala.

Isifo

Ngenxa yemithetho elula yokunakekela i-hybrid yama-currants nama-gooseberry, kanye nokunambitheka okukhethekile kwezithelo zayo, ingatholwa kakhulu ezindlini zasehlobo eziseduzane nabalimi. Yize kungezona zonke izinhlobo ze-yoshta ezinezithelo ezihlwabusayo nezizinhlobonhlobo, lesi sitshalo kunoma yisiphi isimo sizoba umhlobiso omuhle wesiza.