I-Afelandra - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, isithombe

I-Afelandra (I-Aphelandra) - utshani obude obude - "Isivakashi" esivamile esijwayelekile sokugcina izindlu zokugcina izithombo esiqhamuka ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika.

Ekuzaleni kwasekhaya, ukuphakama komuntu omele umndeni wakwa-Akantov kufinyelela ku-30-70 cm. Kubonakala ngesilinganiso sokukhula okusheshayo kwamaqabunga namahlumela (ngaphezu kuka-4 ngonyaka). Isikhathi sokuphila kwezitshalo ezisencane asisekho eminyakeni emi-2.

Ihlukahluka kuma-inflorescence amakhulu amise okomhluko kanye namahlamvu aluhlaza omnyama nge-wax tint efakwe ngemithambo yombala omhlophe noma ukhilimu.

Izazi zezimbali zasekhaya ziyazi ukuthi ziyikhaya eliyikhaya lesiko lokuhlobisa eliqhakaza izimbali. Isigaba sezimbali siwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla, sithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.

	Izinga lokukhula okukhulu. Ngonyaka owodwa, amaqabunga amasha angama-6-7.
	Iqhakaza ehlobo, ngomswakama ophakeme ingaqhakaza ebusika.
	I-Afelandra blooms ehlobo. Izimbali ezinama-inflorescence aphuzi.
	Isitshalo sonyaka. Iqhakaza unyaka owodwa. Ngokulandelayo, isitshalo siyanqunywa.

Izici eziwusizo ze-afelander

Kufanele wazi ukuthi lowo omele indawo yezindawo ezishisayo akahlali muhle kuphela, kodwa futhi uwusizo kakhulu empilweni yabantu:

Ukugxila kumbala we-obligated wamahlamvu, ungasusa ukudangala, imiphumela yokuxineka, ikhanda, ukukhululeka kwesitshalo - enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza;
ukwakheka kwamaqabunga kungumsizi omuhle kakhulu ekushisweni, i-frostbite nesikhumba.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Afelandra ekhaya. Kafushane

Abathandi bezimbali ezinhle ezishisayo kufanele bazi ukuthi lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukuze umuntu osentshonalanga ekhaya azizwe ekhululekile futhi athokozise ngokuphuma ngezikhathi ezithile kwama-inflorescences amakhulu, udinga ukudala izimo ezikhethekile, ukunaka izikhathi ezilandelayo zokulima kwakhe:

Ukushisa	Isitshalo esithanda ukushisa asikubekezeleli ushintsho olubi kakhulu lwamazinga okushisa, lesi sitshalo siphile kahle ehlobo emazingeni okushisa omoya we- + 24 ° C, ebusika, izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi endlini kufanele ligcinwe lingekho ngaphansi kuka + 15 ° C.
Umswakama womoya	I-Afelander iyi-hygrophilous, kumele yondliwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi, kepha ayigcwaliswa. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle - amaqabunga okufafaza, amise amaphallet ngamatshe amanzi. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sidinga ukwehla kwezinga lokunisela.
Isibani	Ukukhanya okugqamile kwe-tropical tropical kusesemukelekile njenge-shrub eshisayo, ngakho-ke ingxenye esempumalanga yezindlu iyindawo enhle kakhulu yokuthuthuka kwayo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, lesi sitshalo kufanele sivikeleke ekushiseni kwelanga ngokweqile.
Ukunisela	Ukuchichima kuthinta kabi ukukhula kwesistimu yezimpande yesitshalo, ngakho-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo, umuntu kufanele alandele imvamisa elandelayo yokunisela: isigaba sokukhula - 2p ngeviki, isigaba sokuqhakaza - 1p ngamaviki ama-2, isigaba sokutakula ngemuva kokuqhakaza - 1p ngenyanga, isigaba sokuqalisa ukukhula - 2p in ngesonto.
Inhlabathi	Ukutshala izitshalo zokuphefumula kwenhlabathi kuholela ekusebenziseni amanzi ukugcwalisa izimbiza zezimbali. Ukwakheka kwendawo yonke yenhlabathi ekhanyayo yokutshala i-afelander: i-turf, i-coarse sand (i-perlite), i-peat (humus) ngesilinganiso esingu-1/1/2.
Umanyolo nomanyolo	Ukulungiselela izitshalo zokuqhakaza okuqhubekayo futhi kuthuthukise ukukhula, inhlabathi kumele inikezwe izithasazi zokukhula, futhi ivundiswe ngamakhompiyutha amaminerali ne-organic. Isikhathi esifanelekile sokusekelwa kwe-Afelandra ngoMashi-Novemba. Umanyolo wenziwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga. Esikhathini sokuphumula kobusika, ukondla okungenasici kwesihlahla esinomanyolo nitrogen kuyadingeka ukugcina amahlamvu.
Ukufakelwa	Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza, isitshalo kufanele sitshalwe kabusha njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Uma ukusakazeka ngezinsika kwenzeka, ukufakelwa kuyimpoqo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Ukuzala	Ekhaya, i-aselander ingatshalaliswa yomabili ngokusikwa (ukusikwa okunamaqabunga amabili kutholakala kahle) nangokutshala imbewu (efanele ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo). Ukunakekelwa kokusikwa kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezigxile ngokufanayo.
Izici Ezikhulayo	Lesi sitshalo esithanda ukushisa siyasaba okusalungiswa, okucatshangelwe ukuhlanza umoya (iphunga likaphethiloli kanye no-oyela kuthinta kabi ukukhula), lapho kuqala inkathi yehlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukufakwa umoya - siyiswe ezindaweni ezinomthunzi womuzi.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Afelandra ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Izwekazi lasekhaya lisinda kuphela uma lidala izimo zemvelo zokukhula kwalo kanye nokuqhakaza kwalo, okuyinto eliyijwayele. Ukuze imbali iqhubeke nokukhanga nokubusha kwayo isikhathi eside, umuntu kufanele azi ama-nuances abalulekile ekukhuleni kwawo kwezitshalo.

Ukufakelwa

I-Afelandra ekhaya ithatha ukubukeka okuntofontofo uma imikhawulo yesikhathi esithile yezinyanga ezithile ibonwa ngesikhathi sokufika kwayo. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esihle sokutshala isitshalo sebhodwe ebhodweni ukuqala kuka-Mashi. Ngezikhathi zentwasahlobo nehlobo isitshalo:

ithola inani eliphezulu lomanyolo, elikhulisa ukukhula kwamahlumela;
iyakwazi ukulungiselela izimbali ezithile zonyaka.

Lapho utshala, ungasebenzisa izinketho eziningana zenhlabathi ekhanyayo, kuyilapho udinga ukuthi ubheke ukuthi hlobo luni lwesitshalo olungaphansi kokulinywa kwasekhaya. Kunconywa izakhi zobuningi ezakhiwe ngamalahle. Isizinda samanzi siyimpoqo.

Izimbali zasentshonalanga

Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali zasendle kwehla ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ukwakheka kwama-inflorescences kungaba inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili. Inani le-spikelets ejwayelekile lincike eminyakeni yesitshalo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyikho kokufaka umanyolo.

Izimbali ezanele eziphuzi, ezibomvu, ezisawolintshi (20 cm) ngemuva kokubuna kufanele zisuswe. Noma abatshali bezimbali abaningi abakwenzi lokhu njengezivivinyo, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu zesitshalo.

I-Afelander ichitha ukunikezwa okukhulu kwezakhi kule nqubo, ngenxa yalokho, ukulondolozwa kokusebenza kwesitshalo ebusika nasezinkathini ezilandelayo, ama-inflorescence kufanele anqunywe ngesikhathi.

Imodi yokushisa

"Isivakashi" se-thermophilic Tropican sifa endaweni yokushisa yomoya ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C. Akunconywa ukudalula amabhodwe nge-afelandra ezindaweni ezivame ukungena umoya, ukuze uwabeke kumakholoni abandayo.

Akayithandi imbali nezimo zokusontelana kakhulu. Ekushiseni komoya okuphezulu (+ 26-35 ° C), lesi sitshalo asinaso isikhathi sokugcwala kumswakama nokomisa.

Ukufafaza

I-Afelander imbali ekhaya ekhula iyadingeka ezinkombeni zomswakama. Ukuchelela ngokweqile kungadala ukubola kwesistimu yezimpande zesitshalo, ngakho-ke izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuphoxisa umoya wangaphakathi yilezi:

ukufafaza amanzi ezindaweni lapho kufakwa khona izimbiza zezimbali;
ukwelashwa kwamahlamvu
ukusetshenziswa kwezihlisi ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya.

Amaphesenti omswakama angakhuphuka futhi ngenxa yezakhi ezibamba umswakama embizeni yezimbali. Ezimweni eziningi, i-sawdust isiza ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo. Zibekwe ungqimba oluncanyana onqenqemeni lokuqala lomhlabathi.

Isibani

Ukukhanya okulinganiselayo yisimo esiyinhloko sokukhula kwamahlumela agcwele futhi aqinile esitshalo.

Ukukhanya okukhanya kakhulu kudala ukwakheka kwezinqubo eziphakeme nezingenamandla, ukuntuleka kokukhanya kuholela ekuphazamisweni kokukhula kwe-shoot, futhi akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukwakheka komqhele omnyama wesihlahla.
Ehlobo, i-afelander idinga ukukhanyiswa okuningana kunenkathi yokulungiselela ubusika, ngakho-ke umtshali akudingeki asebenzise izindlela ezengeziwe zokukhulisa isikhathi semini yokukhanya kwelanga.
Amahlamvu amahle e-afelander azwela kakhulu imisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Ukunisela

Isiqinisekiso sokuphila isikhathi eside se-afelandra ukuthambisa okufanele.

Ukuthoba inhlabathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ahleliwe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni.
Ukunisela amaqabunga ezimbali kugcwele ukuncipha.

Imbiza ye-afelandra

Lapho ukhetha iziqukathi zokutshala izihlahlana ezishisayo ekhaya, kufanele kukhethwe izimbiza ezinobubanzi obungekho ngaphezu kuka-15 cm. Uma sikhulu isilinganiso, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukufeza ubukhazikhazi nokunemba komqhele.

Ukufakwa kweVolumetric kuvimbela ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande, futhi lokhu kunciphisa izinga lokukhula kwezinqubo ezakhiwe.

Ground for afelandra

Umhlabathi wokutshala isitshalo esishisayo ungathengwa esitolo esikhethekile, isibonelo, "Biogrunt", noma udale inhlabathi ngokwakho. Izakhi ezibalulekile zalezi zingxube yilezi: i-peat, humus, isihlabathi, isobho eliqabulayo, amalahle, isidlo samathambo, i-moss, i-vermiculite, umhlaba we-coniferous noma onamaqabunga.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okusebenzayo, abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi bondla ama-afelander ngomanyolo wezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezisusa endlini, futhi ngenxa yokuqhakaza okuqhubekayo, bakhetha amasampula wezihlahla eziqhakaza izimbali.

Umanyolo owaziwa kakhulu wase-aselander: "Energyne", "Agricole", "Baikal-M1", "Bona Forte", "Gumi-omi". Ukugaya umhlabathi kunconyelwa ngokuya ngemiyalo enikezwa abakhiqizi bomanyolo.

Ukufakelwa

I-afelander idluliswa ngokudluliselwa kusuka kwesinye isitsha kuya kwesinye. Le nqubo idinga ukufaka umhlabathi endaweni entsha, kanye nokuhlola uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo. Uma kunesidingo, izingxenye ezilimele zohlelo lwempande ziyanqunywa. Isilinganiso senani lomhlaba nokudonsa ebhodweni lezimbali kufanele kube yi-1: 3.

Ukufakelwa kufanelekile ukukwenza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Uma isitshalo sibuna, khona-ke ukuhamba kwaso akubalulekile kwezinye izinyanga zonyaka, ngaphandle kobusika.

Izihlahla

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphele i-afelander kule ndawo yokugcina izimbali. Umqhele wakhe omuhle uqobo udonsela ukunaka. Umlimi ngamunye onobuhle angakha ubuhle obunjalo. Ngosizo lokuthena, ungaguqula lesi sitshalo ngesinye isikhathi, ikakhulukazi njengoba singasetshenziswa njenge-aselander.

Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya akunakukwenza ngaphandle kokususwa ngomshini kwamahlumela amade, amahlamvu owonakele, onomthelela kwisitshalo esiqhakaza kangcono kamuva.

Ukuthena kunconyelwa ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo siphume esigabeni esomile.
Isinyathelo esingeziwe ukususwa kwama-buds kusuka amahlumela amasha.

Ukuzala kabusha

Ukusakazwa ngokusika

Abalimi abaningi bezimbali bavame ukusebenzisa indlela yezitshalo yokusakazwa kwezilwanyawo. Inqubo kufanelekile ukwenza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kobusika.

Ukulandelana kwezindlela zokusika imi ngokulandelayo:

ukusika kwama-cuttings - kungenzeka ukuthi ususe zombili izingcezu ezinamaqabunga, okukhona ngamaqabunga amabili amancane nesiqu;
ukucubungula ukusikwa kwe-cuttings nge-stimulator yokukhula;
ukutshala ukusika ezimbizeni ezinesihlabathi esithambile noma i-peat, ukubeka iziqukathi ngaphansi kwengilazi noma ifilimu;
ubambe izithombo endaweni efudumele ku + 25 ° C, uqinisekise ukufafazwa kanye nomoya omncane inyanga.

Ukukhula kude nasentshonalanga kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Ukuhlwanyelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kufanelekile ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Indlela yokuhluma yembewu ebamba ukushisa ivame ukusetshenziswa:

ukuqoqa imbewu evuthiwe yembewu;
ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yokutshala - umhlaba wephepha, isihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-1 / ¼;
ukuhlwanyela imbewu;
ubambe isitsha ngezithombo ngaphansi kwengilazi esimweni sokushisa esingeqi + 20 ° С;
umswakama wenhlabathi nomoya omncane;
ukulinganiswa kwezithombo eziqaliwe;
diving amahlumela aqinile ezitsheni ezihlukile zezithombo usebenzisa ingxube yenhlabathi - i-turf, inhlabathi enamaqabunga, isihlabathi esikalini 2 2/1;
transshipment of izithombo namahlamvu amane ezimbizeni zezimbali ezihlukile kuze kube kokuqhakaza kokuqala.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Uma ungalandeli izincomo zokunakekela isilwane esishisayo ekhaya, izingozi zokuthola izifo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo ziyanda. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga ezilandelayo zingenzeka:

izeluleko zamaqabunga Afelanders yomile - igumbi linomoya owomile;
ibola isisekelo seziqu ze-shrub (isiqu sokubola) - umswakama omningi womhlabathi, kuyabanda egumbini;
imbali ikhula kancane - Ukuntuleka kokugqoka okuphezulu, uhlelo lomanyolo olungafanele;
aluqhakaza - Umanyolo womhlabathi ompofu, ukwenqatshwa kokuthenwa;
tshala amaqabunga amaqabunga ehlobo - Ukuchayeka ngokweqile emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, okusalungiswa;
amaqabunga awela ebusika - umswakama onganele wenhlabathi;
ukubonakala kwamabala ansundu emaqabungeni - ukushiswa yilanga, ukuntuleka komoya omncane egumbini;
anyamalale - Ukushisa komoya ophansi, okusalungiswa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande zokubola;
amahlamvu agqamile futhi ukusonteka okungathi amathiphu - Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu, ukukhanya ngokweqile;
imiphetho yamaqabunga Afelanders waba nsundu - ukuthuthukiswa kokubumba kwamaqabunga, ukutheleleka ngefungal (ukwelashwa nge-fungicides kuyadingeka), umoya owomile ongaphakathi;
amaqabunga e-puckering - ukuthuthukiswa kokubola okungwevu;
amahlamvu amnyama - ukuthuthukiswa kwe-corini-sporic spotting.

Ukusebenza kwe-Afelandra kungaphazanyiswa izinambuzane ezinambuzane: i-mealybug, i-aphid, isinambuzane esikalini, i-whitefly, umkhaza, i-nematode.

Izinhlobo zokwenziwa ngasentshonalanga nezithombe namagama

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu ze-Aphelandra ezaziwayo, kepha zimbili kuphela kuzo ezithole izimpande kulesimo sezulu esipholile futhi zitholakala ngokutshala emakhaya:

Kuvikela ukuvikela entshonalanga

Lesi sitshalo sidabuka eCentral America. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela kufinyelela ku-40-50 cm, ubude bamaqabunga yi-ovate, kukhombe, kuthweswe umqhele ngamathambo amhlophe - amasentimitha angama-30. Ama-inflorescence aphuzi ngokugqamile ngamabhulashi wewolintshi, abunjwe ngespikhi, ukuphakama ngo-10-15 cm. Amahlumela awanalutho, apendwe ngombala obomvu. Iqhakaza kusuka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya maphakathi ekwindla.

I-Orange afelander

Lesi sitshalo sidabuka eMexico. Ukuphakama kwezinqubo kungamasentimitha angama-30-50. Amahlamvu amile okweqanda ngemisila yesiliva nomngcele we-wavy ongu-20-25 cm. Ama-Tubular inflorescence anemibala ekhanyayo ye-orange noma e-orange-red enamabhuloksi aluhlaza ngendlela yespike evulekile, ukuphakama kube yi-10-15 cm. Amahlumela amasha we-red hue, amahlumela avuthiwe ahlonishwe. Kubonakala ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali okufushane ekwindla zakuqala.