Ukukhiqiza ukukhiqiza

I-Ryegrass Pasture (Ehlala isikhathi eside)

I-ryegrass ye-grazing, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ryegrass yesiNgisi ne-Chaff ehlala isikhathi eside, isitshalo se-herbaceous se-genus ye-Flow Chaff, okuyiyona eyomndeni wezolimo.

Lesi sitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside sihlala eYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika naseNtshonalanga ye-Asia. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kungeyona into engavamile, i-ryegrass engapheli ingatholakala emazweni aseMpumalanga ye-Asia, kuze kube se-Western Siberia.

Incazelo yezitshalo

I-ryegrass yamadlelo, noma, njengoba ebizwa ngabantu, i-ryegrass engapheli ingenye yamadlelo angcono kunazo zonke futhi ayingqayizivele kakhulu entwasahlobo yentwasahlobo. Ngokuvamile i-ryegrass yesiNgisi ixubene nezitshalo zonyaka, kanti kuze kube yimifino, idliwa izilwane ezihlukahlukene zezolimo.

I-ryegrass engapheli ihluke kwezinye izihlobo zayo ezinomsoco wayo ophakeme: ama-kilogram ayi-100 kokhula ahambisana nama-feed angu-23, kanti ama-feed angama-60 angama-feed.

I-ryegrass engapheli iqukethe i-herbage ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zasendle kusukela eminyakeni engama-4 kuya kwengu-6 ubudala, futhi emadlelweni angaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-12. Kuze kube ngumnyaka wesine ukuhlwanyela, kufinyelela ku-apogee yayo ekuthuthukisweni. Ibekezelela ukugaya njalo nokunyathelisa, futhi ibuye ibuye ngokushesha ngemva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokulimala komshini.

Okuncamelayo kunika inhlabathi ecebile, egcwele kahle futhi enhle kakhulu. Futhi, ikhula kahle emhlabathini onayo i-asidi ephezulu.

I-ryegrass yamadlelo iyisitshalo esiyingqayizivele esiluhlaza esenzelwe ukudla izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo.

Futhi, i-ryegrass engapheli yakha amahlumela amancane futhi anamahlumela amaningi anesibhakabhaka nesethenda, amaqabunga aluhlaza, ekwakheni i-carpet enhle kakhulu yekhwalithi ephezulu. Unezimpande ezithuthukile kahle ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo singenye yezingcwangu ezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu emhlabathini.

Le isithombo yi-mesophyte. Ngakho-ke, alinamathele umswakama owedlulele, kodwa akusilo isitshalo esingamelana nesomiso.

I-ryegrass yesiNgisi iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi ephihliwe.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezinhle ze-ryegrass yodlelo yisithelo sayo esiphezulu. I-ryegrass engapheli eyenza inani elikhulu utshani elisetshenziselwa ukondla izilwane. Ikhwalithi ye-ryegrass yokuphila isikhathi eside ilula kakhulu, ngoba ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila seminyaka engu-5-6.

Ukuyingqayizivele komkhiqizo we-ryegrass osetshenziswa ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekuhambeni kokuphila kwesitshalo esisodwa. Siyazi kakade ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezincane ze-ryegrass nazo ziyi-fertilizer enhle kakhulu nokuphathwa kwenhlabathi, okuyilapho, eqinisweni, kuhluma izitshalo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthi isivuno asixhomeke kakhulu ezimweni, kodwa ngezinhlobo ngokwazo, okufaka isandla ekukhuliseni nasekuthuthukiseni umhlabathi endaweni yokukhiqiza.

Uma sikhuluma ngokulinganayo kwedijithali, i-ryegrass yodlelo inikeza abantu abangaba ngu-400 be-green in hectare. Ngaphezu kwalokho, linikeza abantu abangaba ngu-90-100 abangama-hay ngehektha ngalinye, okuyi-indicator ephezulu yesitshalo. Futhi i-quintessence yenqubo yonke yentuthuko kanye ne-apogee yokukhula komkhiqizo unyaka ngamunye we-ryegrass yisamba esiphelele sembewu. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokuhlwanyela, cishe ama-quintals amane ngehektare, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka yesibili nesithathu - cishe ama-quintals ayisithupha ehektheleni yomhlabathi.

Izinzuzo:

Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo ephakeme, i-ryegrass yamadlelo inezinye izici eziningi ezinhle:

  • - Inani eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco kanye nesilinganiso sokukhula okuphakeme kakhulu emva kokugaya;
  • - Kuhlangene kahle nemifino yomunye uhlobo (ikakhulukazi nge-clover);
  • - umanyolo womhlabathi nemithi yawo, njengoba kuvimbela ukuguguleka komhlabathi;
  • - imigomo esheshayo yokuvuthwa okuphelele, ngonyaka wesibili emva kokuhlwanyela kokuqala, uhlaza lwe-rye lufinyelela e-apogee yalo ekuthuthukisweni.

Akukho ukuhluleka okusobala futhi okuphawulekayo emadlelweni. Izici ezincane ezingathandeki zokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo zingabhekwa kuphela ngokumelene nokumelene nesomiso. Futhi, lesi sitshalo asinamathele umswakama obuningi phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sizothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.

Ukuhlwanyela

Kuye ngohlobo lokutshala imbewu, kunokushintshashintsha okuthile kwizinga lokuhlwanyela. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokuhlwanyela kwezitshalo ezihlanzekile ngalinye ngehektare elilodwa lizoba yi 12-14 kg. Uhlobo lwesibili lokuhlwanyela luzohlwanyela i-ryegrass iphela kanye namanye amakhambi. Kulesi simo, izinga lokuhlwanyela ngehektare ngalinye lizohluka ngobukhulu kusuka ku-8 ukuya ku-10 kg.

Ngokusekelwe emazingeni angenhla, lapho kunezinga elijwayelekile lokushisa elingaphansi kokuswakama komswakama ohlukene, umphumela omuhle ungalindelwa.

Kungokwemvelo ukuthi lo muntu akasi ngaphansi kokushisa okuzokhula khona. Noma kunjalo, umuntu angathinta ngendlela ethile izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Ukushisa okuhle kokuhluma kwenzalo kuvela ku +2 degrees C kuya ku -4 degrees. Umthelela ekushiseni kubangelwa ikhono lomuntu ukuphuza njalo lesi sitshalo.

Ukujula kwamadlelo we-ryegrass we-embedment kuncane futhi kulingana no-2-3 cm. Ngokuqondile ngenxa yemvelo ye-ryegrass ngokwayo, okuyinto isitshalo se-mesophytic, ukuthi inqwaba yomswakama ayikwazi ukuvunyelwa, kanye nokuvimbela inhlabathi lapho utshani bukhula khona.

Izici zokukhula

I-ryegrass yamadlelo, nakuba engekho kakhulu, idinga izimo ezithile zokuphila nokuthuthukiswa. Kuningi kuxhomeke endleleni yokuhlwanyela, ngoba uma i-ryegrass yokuhlwanyela nezinye izitshalo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza, kubalulekile ukunamathela ekufaneni, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo indlela ehlukile yokuhlwanyela, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezitshalwe endaweni efanayo.

Ngemuva kwebusika, sekuyisikhathi esifanele ukuhlwanyela i-ryegrass iminyaka eminingi, njengoba inhlabathi isetshenziswe ngokugcwele, akukho nesomiso futhi inhlabathi "ivuselele" ngokuhamba kweqhwa neqhwa.

Ukwehlukana kwezifiso ezilandelayo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okuncane kwesitshalo, nokukhubazeka okuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo okuyo kuyo. Lezi zimo ziyi:

  • - Seeding kufanele kwenzeke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo; inhlabathi akumele ibe yomile futhi ilinganiswe ngamanzi;
  • - I-ryegrass yesiNgisi ayikwazi ukubhekana nokubili kwesithwathwa nokushisa;
  • - inhlabathi kufanele iqhutshwe ngokushesha ngemva kokubanda kwasebusika kanye neqhwa; umswakama kufanele ugcinwe ngesilinganiso esithile semvelo futhi ungavunyelwe ukuba amanzi "kukhukhule" imbewu ye-ryegrass engapheli;
  • - ukulima kufanelekile ukwenza umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphate, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukwethula umanyolo we-nitrogen wokuhlwanyela kokuqala;
  • - ukugaya kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, ngenxa yokuthi i-ryegrass iyakhula ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokho izilwane ezingadli kahle.