Namuhla, noma ubani ofuna ukudala ingadi yakhe ayidingi ulwazi olukhethekile namakhono.
Phela, ngokunakekelwa kahle, cishe bonke abamele izitshalo zasensimu bakhiqiza isitshalo esihle nesisimeme.
Izinhlobo eziningi zemithi yezithelo zingakhula esimweni sethu sezulu.
Ngisho nommeleli onjalo "ongasenyakatho" njengo-Pearl Ussuri uyakwazi ukugxila emasimini ethu.
Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngalezi zihlukahlukene zamapheya.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ezihlukahlukene ezihlobisa amapheya Umdali yi-Botanist waseRashiya uKar Maksimovich, owafaka lezi zinhlobonhlobo ngo-1857. Isihlahla siphezulu kakhulu (10-15 m) sinomqhele obukhulu, obanzi obujamo obunamapiramidi. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kunesilinganiso sokukhula esilinganiselwe. Kukhona izimpande esihlahleni.
Amaqabunga ayingqayizivele, eluhlaza okombala ovela phezulu, obala futhi okhanyayo kusuka ngezansi. Isici esikhethekile se-Ussuri pear yizwi elizwakalayo lezimbali.
Izithelo 3-5 cm ububanzi, sinomumo ohlangene, ukuvuthwa kuphela esikhathini kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. I-peel ingaba kokubili eluhlaza futhi ephuzi, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona indawo ebomvu eceleni. Inyama yamapheya, nakuba amnandi, kodwa ama-tart, ngamaseli amatshe, amhlophe noma aphuzi. Ungaqinisekisa ukunyamalala kwala maseli wamatshe, kufanele unike izithelo ukuvuthwa. Khona-ke leli peyari lizoba lula futhi lithandeke kakhulu.
Ussuri isici sezinto ezihlukeneko, okungukuthi, ukuhlukahluka ngobukhulu, umbala kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo. Ngakho-ke, imbewu ngayinye yalezi ezihlukahlukene ingaba ummeleli wokuqala wezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zamapheya. Ngokusekelwe kuleli qiniso, i-Ussuri pear isetshenziswe ngokujulile ngabalimi ukuzalanisa.
Izintandokazi
- ukumelana nesomiso
- ukuntuleka kwemhlabathi
- I-Ussuriyskaya pear yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zama-frost
izinhlobo zokuhlukahluka
Ukungalungi
- isitshalo sokuqala singavuna eminyakeni engu-10-20 emva kokutshala
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo eziphelile zamapheya.
Izici zokufika
Ukutshala i-Ussuri pear kudinga inhlabathi enhle ngezinga eliphakeme lokuphelela amanzi. Leli banga akunakwenzeka ukukhula enhlabathini enomswakama. I-pear ayithandi izindawo umoya okwazi ukufinyelela kuwo. Ukutshala kufanelekile kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Uma utshalwa emgodini wasentwasahlobo ukuze amapheya azayo asenzeke kusengaphambili, okungukuthi, ekwindla. Uma utshala izihlahla ekwindla, izindawo kumele zilungiswe emavikini angu-3-4.
Umgodi kufanele ube yi-1-1.5 m ububanzi no-70-80 cm ejulile. Ngaphambi kokufika Umquba kufanele usetshenziswe emhlabathini - 1 kg wezinkuni, 1.5 kg of lime. I-nitrogen kufanele yenziwe kuphela entwasahlobo. Ukuthungatha kufakwa emgodini, ombozwe umhlaba. Okulandelayo, eduze kwakhe kuqhutshwa ngokujulile esigxotsheni esizokwenzela ukusekela. Naphezu kokuthi i-Ussuri ikhasi elimelana nesomiso, lidinga umswakama ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala.
Ngakho-ke, isithombo ngasinye kufanele sinisela ngamanani amabhakede 2-3 esihlahleni. I-Ussuri pear iyisitshalo esingenasitshalo, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlukahluka kudinga impova yomunye umuthi ukuze impova.
Ukunakekela
1) Ukunisela
I-pear isitshalo esithanda amanzi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuwazisa izihlahla nezithombo njalo entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ukuphuza kubhekwa njengendlela engcono yokunisela. Ngokunisela okunjalo, izimpande zezihlahla eziphakathi kwamapheya zithola amanzi ngokuphumelelayo. Ungaguqa imfucumfucu yesikhombisa ngokujula kwe 10-15 cm emthini ngamunye bese uthela amanzi lapho. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, inani lokuchelela kufanele landa.
2) Ukuxhuma
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamapayipi izinto eziphilayo ezihle kakhulu, njengotshani, utshani, amaqabunga awile. I-mulching yokuqala iyadingeka lapho utshala, bese kuwa. I-mulch ayiyona nje isivikelo kusuka kukhula oluhlukahlukene kanye nezitshalo ezilimazayo, kodwa futhi nesisekelo sokuqala sokukhula komuthi.
3) Shelter
Noma yimuphi umlimi wensimu uyazi ukuthi ukuvikela izihlahla ebusika kuyinkqubo yokuba ne-must-have. Izihlahla ze-Ussuri, yize zithinta kakhulu ama-frost, zidinga indawo yokuhlala. Ungahlala engxenyeni engezansi ye-trunk ngemigqa noma iphepha, futhi lapho kukhona iqhwa udinga ukwenza isigundane nxazonke zomuthi.
4) Ukudubula
Phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokukhula kwawo, i-pear ayidingi ukusika izihlahla. Kakade umuthi omncane kufanele ususe ingxenye yomqhubi womphakathi, futhi amagatsha ohlangothini kufanele ahlukaniswe ezingeni lezinso. Isikhathi esilandelayo kudingeka futhi unciphise umqhubi wesikhungo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagatsha ohlangothini anciphisa ukudala isimo esifanele somqhele, okungukuthi, amagatsha aphezulu kufanele abe mfushane kunalawo aphansi. Ukunciphisa kungenziwa ku-4-7 cm.
5) Umanyolo
Amaparele adinga i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen futhi, yiqiniso, ama-fertilizer eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, kanye kuphela eminyakeni 4-5, 20-25 kg of humus wanezela, lapho 0.5 kg of superphosphate, 0.5-0.8 kg of potassium chloride kanye 1 kg of limestone zengeziwe. Izitshalo kufanele zibe emgodini, ububanzi bawo buhambisana nobubanzi bomqhele. Umanyolo we-nitrojeni kufanele usetshenziswe kanye ngonyaka ngaphambi kokusila.
6)Ukuvikelwa
Ussuri izihlahla ze-pear zingalimazwa yizinyosi, izimpungushe nokugqwala.
I-gally pear yesikhumba iyasinda ebusika emahlathini wepeyari, lapho ibeka amaqanda ayo entwasahlobo. Ukudla kwakhe kuyisihlahla somuthi. Isibonakaliso sokuba khona kwalezi zinambuzane kubonakala kwe-blisters (galls) emaqabunga asitshalo. Ukuze usebenze ngokuphumelelayo nale nkathazo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphefute amahlamvu anegciwane lesisombululo se-colloidal sulfur (100 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ekupheleni kwezimbali futhi ngoJulayi-Agasti.
I-sucker eliphakathi kwe-pearry futhi i-overwinters ithini lamapheya e-efihlekile futhi idla ngokuswakama. Uma ama-grey ebonakalayo emaqabunga ("umbethe wethusi"), ngaphambi kokuvuthwa izinso kudingekile ukuphatha izitshalo ngezixazululo zokulungiselela i-oleocuprit, i-nitrafen, i-karbofos (90 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayi-10 l), ama-kemifos (10 ml ngalinye nge-10 l amanzi), njll.
Ukugqwala kwamapare kuyisifo se-fungal futhi kubonakala sengathi kubomvu, okwandisa izindawo ezingenhla kweqabunga. Ngokumangazayo, izinhlamvu zaleli fungus zisakazeka emjunzini, ngakho-ke kudingeka uzitshale eduze kwendawo, okuzovikela amapereyari kusuka ezinhlamvu.
