I-Acacia idonsela izakhamuzi zasehlobo kanye nabalimi ngezithelo zayo ezivulekile, ezinemibala enhle nezimbali ezimnandi. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukutshala isimangaliso esinjalo kwisayithi yabo. Ngendlela, kulula kakhulu - ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi zasehlobo ezitholile kakade. Kulabo abasha kuleli bhizinisi, sinikeza uhlu oluphelele lwemithetho ye-agrotechnical yokukhula umtholo omhlophe.
I-White Acacia: incazelo emfushane
I-Acacia isitshalo se-woody noma se-shrub. Ubungowomndeni we-legume. I-Rhode Acacia inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-750-800.
Ama-Etymologists achaza umsuka wegama lesihlahla kusuka egameni lesiGreki elithi, elichaza "ameva, iva" - ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zomtholo izinhlamvu ziguquguquka zibe yizikhonkwane.
Inqwaba yezinhlobo zezinkuni zaholela ekudidekeni okuncane. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo ezifanayo zezinye izizukulwane nemindeni zaqala ukubizwa nge-acacias. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-acacia yesihlahla ibizwa ngokuthi isihlahla esivela ku-Albizia, i-acacia ephuzi ibhekwa njenge-shrub yohlobo lwe-Caragan.
Uyazi? Umuthi esiwaziyo njengomtholo umhlophe empeleni ubizwa ngokuthi i-robinia. La ma-acacias angowomndeni wakwaMimosa, ayenamandla kakhulu futhi angakhula kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Endle, etholakala e-Australia, eMexico nase-Afrika. U-Acacia no-Robinia babheka okufanayo kakhulu. INyakatho Melika yindawo yokuzalwa yaseRobinia, noma imikhankaso yokuqamba amanga, ngakho-ke akuyona njenge-thermophilic njengoba i-Acacia ingokoqobo.I-white acacia inhle kakhulu ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJune, lapho ikhiqiza ama-inflorescences ashisayo namafutha anemifino efana ne-drooping brushes engu-10-25 cm. Isihlahla sinomqhele ovulekile, osabalalisa. Ama-white acacia amaqabunga amahle futhi amakhulu (kufika ku-25 cm), amapheshana amancane angu-7-19 (2-4 cm ubude). Amacu - ngesimo sevava. I-trunk ikhula ngamamitha angu-25 (ngezinye izikhathi ngamamitha angu-30) ubude futhi ifike ku-1.2m ububanzi. Izithelo - ubhontshisi, ubude, kuze kube ngu-6 cm ubude, flat, dark brown. Ngamunye uqukethe imbewu eyisithupha ukuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Phuma ngasekupheleni kuka-Septhemba.
I-white acacia ihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amaningana: ukukhala, i-spherical, okwenziwe isambulela, okwenziwe amancane, i-pyramidal, igolide. Ngamunye wabo unezinga elihlukile lokumelana nesithwathwa nokumelana nezimo zasemadolobheni. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, izitshalo ziqina futhi zihlale ziqinile, unyaka ngamunye udinga ukubhekana nezimo ezimbi futhi zibandayo kangcono.
Inkuni ye-Acacia iyigugu, isetshenziswe njengamafutha, ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi, ekwenzeni iminyango, ipakethe. Amabhakede nezimbali zisetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwezidakamizwa. Umuthi ungaphila iminyaka engama-50.
I-white acacia ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlobisa, ngakho-ke kusukela ekuchazweni kwesitshalo siyaqhubeka nokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezici zokutshala nokulima kulo dacha.
Ukukhetha izithombo ezinomsoco we-acacia lapho uthenga
Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhetheni izithombo kanye nendawo yokutshala. Kulokhu kuzoxhomeke ekuthuthukisweni nasekubukeni kwesihlahla esikhathini esizayo, kanye nokukhethwa kwezinyathelo zokumnakekela.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga ngokucophelela isiqu se-acacia seedling - akufanele ibe mncane kakhulu ngesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile. Kungcono ukuthatha izitshalo nge-rhizome evaliwe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo qinisekisa ukuthi sikhula esitsheni futhi singatshalwa ngaphambi kokudayiswa. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha izithombo ezinjalo, ama-rhizomes awo abheka ngaphandle kwezimbobo zokugeleza embizeni.
Izikhathi ezihle zokufika
Ochwepheshe batusa ukutshala u-acacia njengembewu, kanye nezithombo entwasahlobo. Izithombo zifakwa emhlabathini ovulekile kuze kube mzuzu lapho ziqukethe.
Isikhathi esingathandeki kakhulu sokutshala siwindla. Uma i-acacia itshalwe ngalesi sikhathi, kunengozi ukuthi izimpande ezinamanzi emhlabathini obomvu nomswakama uzothinteka ngokubola. Izithombo ezisuka kulesi sitsha nazo zingatshalwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla yokuqala, lapho kungeke kube khona izinsuku ezishisayo.
Ukukhethwa kweSayithi nokulungiselelwa kwenhlabathi
Njengoba umuthi omdala ukhula ubukhulu obukhulu futhi unomqhele okhulayo, indawo yokutshala kufanele ikhethwe ekuqaleni ivulekile ukuze inethuba lokukhula ngokugcwele. Kubalulekile ukunamathela ebangeni phakathi kwezitshalo ezi-2.5 m.
I-acacia ikhetha ukukhula ekukhanyeni, ngakho kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi umthunzi ovela kwezinye izihlahla ezide kakhulu aziwa kuwo.
Umuthi ukhula kahle kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, ngisho nokuphela. Akukho moya noma isomiso esiyingozi kuye. Kodwa ayikubekezelelisi okwenzeka eduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Inhlabathi ekahle yomtholo ingxube yesihlabathi nomquba ngokufaka umlotha (i-lime elidala, i-dolomite powder, noma i-lime echotshoziwe).
Uyazi? Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa iqiniso: umuthi uzokhula kangcono uma utshala inhlabathi evamile futhi empofu kunokubumba nobumba.Indawo engafanele ye-robinia izoba izindawo eziphansi, lapho izokhipha khona ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezixuku ezibandayo kuzo.
Akunconywa ukutshala umtholo omhlophe eduze kwezihlahla zezithelo, njengoba kungavimbela uhlelo lwempande. Futhi, lesi siko kufanele sitholakale kude nezindawo lapho izingane zidlala khona. Okokuqala, njengoba umuthi uyisitshalo seju, kuzoba nezinyosi eziningi eduze komtholo phakathi nenkathi yezimbali. Futhi okwesibili, imbewu nezinye izingxenye zalesi sitshalo zinobuthi.
Umbuthano we-Pristvolny ngaphansi kwe-acacia kufanele ugcinwe uhlanzekile - akufanelekile ukutshala izitshalo ezengeziwe kuwo.
Ukutshala ngokufanele izithombo ezimhlophe zomtholo
Akudingekile ukubeka izithombo endaweni embi kakhulu yokutshala; lokhu kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zempande. Kubalulekile ukumba ubukhulu be-rhizome ububanzi futhi bujule kakhulu kunebude bomsuka.
Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezivulekile zihlungwa ukuze phezulu kuhambisane nesisekelo. Unganciphisa futhi u-rhizome. Uma utshalwa umtholo enhlabathini yobumba, phansi komgodi kufanele udonswe - ungqimba lwegravel elingu 10-20 cm. Uma ufuna ukutshala inhlabathi ngokushesha, khona-ke ngenze ngosizo lwe "Nitroammofoski" (60-80 g ngomgodi ngamunye).
Isigxobo siqhutshelwa phansi emgodini, isithombo sifakwa emgodini, izimpande zawo ziqondiswa ngokucophelela futhi zimbozwe umhlaba. Intamo yentambo ngesikhathi esisodwa kumele ifakwe ezingeni elifanayo nemiphetho yomgodi. Khona-ke isithombo sinamanzi amaningi. Kunconywa ukuba inhlabathi inhlabathi emgqeni oseduze-ungqimba ka-5-7 cm. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-peat njenge-mulch.
I-white acacia ibhekisela ezihlahleni ezikhula ngokushesha., futhi uma ukutshala okufanele nokunakekelwa okufanele kwenziwe, ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhula kahle, iyakwazi ukukhuphula ngonyaka ka-60-80 cm (eminyakeni yokuqala kuya ku-1.2 m) ubude no-20-30 cm ububanzi. Izimbali zenzeka eneminyaka emithathu, ezine.
Ukunakekela umhlophe womtholo
Uma ukukhetha indawo nokutshala kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nazo zonke izincomo, ukunakekelwa komtholo omhlophe kulula - kuyoba okuncane kakhulu: ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile, ukufaka umquba, uma kunesidingo, ukusika izihlahla.
Ukutshala isitshalo kuphela eminyakeni emithathu emva kokutshala. Kulokhu, noma iyiphi imanyolo enzima, njenge-Kemira Universal, ifanelekile. Emthini owodwa kuzodinga u-100-120 g. Umanyolo ngesikhathi sezimbali futhi ngoJulayi, uhlakaze emhlabathini bese ufafaza.
Ngo-Agasti, kunconywa ukuthi ukondle u-acacia nge potassium usebenzisa i-potassium sulfate (30 g) noma umlotha (1 indebe).
Njengoba ama-white acacia engathandi amanzi, ukuchelela kuyodingeka kuphela izitshalo ezincane. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe ziphuziswa kuphela ngezikhathi ezomile eside. Ngesikhathi sonke bayothola umswakama okwanele ozayo kanye nemvula.
Umhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla uzodinga ukuba ukhula ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ubhubhise ukhula.
Kubalulekile! I-Acacia ayithandi ukuphazamiseka yizimpande zayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akufanelekile ukumba umhlabathi esitimeleni esiseduze, vele ukhulule kancane. Futhi, akufanele itshalwe ezinye izitshalo, ikakhulukazi ama-bulbous. Umuthi ulungele ukuhlukanisa isihlahla somuthi kuphela nezitshalo ezinezimpande ezincane.Ukusika izimbali ezimhlophe kuboniswa kuphela uma kunesidingo - ehlobo kufanele kususwe, kukhishwe amagatsha aqhwaqwe. Kodwa ukwakha uhlobo lomqhele akunakwenzeka. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokudubula okunjalo, umuthi womtholo uveza amahlumela amade. Nakuba ungazama, kodwa kwenzeke entwasahlobo.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
I-white acacia ibonakala ngokumelene kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingahle ihlaselwe ngokususa ama-parasites: i-scammer ne-sawfly. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo omazayo, lesi sitshalo siyeka ukukhula, sibeke ngemuva ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa, futhi ukuvinjelwa kwamahlumela kwenzeka.
Ukuze ukwesabe lezi zinambuzane, ukupuniza nge-decoction yezitshalo ze-insecticide kusetshenziswa: i-henbane ebomvu, i-hellebore, i-hemlock spotted. Uma kwenzeka izilonda ezinzima, kuyadingeka ukuba usebenzise ukwelashwa ngezinambuzane zamakhemikhali: "Aktara", "Karbofos", "Rovikurt", njll.
Kubalulekile! Sebenzisa amakhemikhali ekupunizeni umuthi womdaka udinga kuphela njengesenzo sokugcina. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-acacia iyisitshalo seju, futhi ikhemikhali eqinile iyingozi kwizinyosi.
Indlu ebusika yezihlahla zomtholo ezincane
Izimpande zomshoshaphansi omhlophe omhlophe kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu kuzodingeka zimbozwe ngaphambi kwebusika ngezingqimba eziyishumi nambili zamagatsha omisiwe kanye ne-peat. Isihlahla ngokwawo singasongwe ngendwangu yama-hessian noma engavundiwe.
Ukuze lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukukhuni kancane, sihlanganiswa ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, lapho sekushonile isimo sezulu esibanda.
Inkumbi emhlophe - enhle kakhulu i-melliferous
I-Robinia inezindawo eziningana eziwusizo. Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi iveza uju olumnandi nolusizo kusuka emzimbeni walo. I-Acacia medoproizvoditelnost, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ifika ku-1000 kg ngehora elilodwa, elilingana namanani aphakeme kakhulu.
Uju lwe-acacia luwusizo kulokho kungukuthi ngoMeyi kanye nokudla. Ubumnandi bakhe abugcini, bubala ngokubala, abukhiphi isikhathi eside futhi abuguquki.
Sizame ukukunika lonke ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nomtholo kanye namasu ayo ezolimo. Njengoba ubona, kulula ukukhulela lesi sihlahla, into eyinhloko ukuthi ube nesifiso futhi wenze umzamo omncane. Umuthi ubheka kahle lapho utshalwe wedwa, kanye nalapho utshalwe emaqenjini, ezindaweni ezincane nezindonga.
