Kanjani, ingadi engenayo iphakathi na? Ngisho nalabo balimi abangenasithakazelo esiqhingini sezitshalo, okungenani umuthi owodwa watshalwa.
I-pear isesezingeni eliphansi ekuthandeni kwayo izihlahla ze-apula, lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kolwazi ngabalimi mayelana nentuthuko entsha yokukhiqiza, sekuyisikhathi eside sekuphelile ukuba yisimo sezulu esingenangqondo.
Ukukhethwa kwabalimi kunika izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-200 ngezici ezihlukahlukene - isitshalo, ungabi nesivila, futhi izithelo ezimangalisayo ziyobe zibheke etafuleni lakho kusukela phakathi nohlobo kuze kube ngoMashi.
Iphakathi kwe-Larin kuze kufike ngo-Mashi ngeke kugcinwe, kodwa kunezinhlobo zokwanela zasebusika ngaphandle kwalo - incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, isithombe sezithelo kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesigadini sekusasa kulesi sihloko.
Luhlobo luni lwamapheya lalezi zihlukahlukene?
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziphakathi kweLarinskaya - ekwindlaukuvuna kufanele kube engxenyeni yokuqala kaSepthemba, wahlala izinyanga ezimbalwanoma kunalokho, kuvuthwa.
Amapheya ngesikhathi sokuqoqa umbala obala obala, ngesikhathi isitoreji sishintsha umbala okhanyayo, i-juiciness yesithelo ayinciphisi, ukunambitheka kuthuthukisa kakhulu, kuba mnandi.
Lokhu kunambitheka kubizwa i-dessert. Ikamelo lembewu lincane, linendlela ye-anyanisi, uhlobo oluvulekile, imbewu iyingcosana, inombala.
Ukunambitheka okukhulu nakho kungabonga amapulangwe u-Elena, uVernaya, uVictoria, i-Forest Beauty ne-Muscovite.
Ukuma kwesithelo kuyindilinga, i-pear-shaped, isisindo esingama-gramu angu-200 ngokunakekelwa okuhle, futhi ngokwesilinganiso - 140-150 amagremu nge isivuno 50 kilograms izinkuni ngonyaka.
Futhi yizinhlobo eziphezulu ezivumela: uJanuwari, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, uSvetlyanka noRogneda.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
I-Larinskaya pear ezihlukahlukene - ifomu hybrid phakathi kwezinhlobo Isifuyo sikaClapp futhi I-Ussurian pear 41-15-9, etholakala ngabalimi beSouth Ural Scientific-Research Institute for Ukulima kanye namazambane. Kufakwe kwiRejista kaHulumeni yesifunda sase-Ural.
I-pear variar Larinskaya - eqhubeka nesithombe esilandelayo sesithelo kanye nencazelo yokubonakala komuthi.
Isithombe
Ukubukeka
Isihlahla sePear unamandla amakhulu okukhula, cishe amamitha ayi-6, Umqhele walo onamandla unemvelo engavamile, amagatsha akhula avela esihlahleni esifanele, egobile uma kudingeka, ahloswe ngokunyuka phezulu (isici esingaqhathaniswa nepeyari), i-trunk ayinamahlumela amaningi ngokweqile.
Leqabunga likhulu, izimbali zimhlophe, ziphunga, izinhlobonhlobo yi-skoroplodny, izithelo zokuqala zivela emvelweni oneminyaka emihlanu.
Kumele kuqashelwe izinhlobo ezingenakuzenzela i-Larinskaya.
Ukumelana okuphakeme emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu futhi aphezulu kakhulu, kulula ukubekezela kwesomiso isikhala sokumelana i-pear gall mite, ukushisa kwama-bacterium kwenza lokhu kuhloswe kubonakale kubalimi.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, ukutshala isitshalo esincane kusayithi - ayikho umehluko oyinhloko, izimo lapho kutholakala khona izithombo kubaluleke kakhulu kunesikhathi "sokuhlala" kwayo.
I-pear ayikwazi ukuthathwa njengesitshalo esimnandi, kodwa, njenganoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo, kunezintandokazi zayo, futhi kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho zikhetha indawo yokutshala, kungenjalo awukwazi ukubona isivuno esihle.
Umuthi unamandla, lapho ubudala bezinhlobonhlobo ze-Larinskaya zikhula, futhi kusukela eParele laseLarinskaya ayibekezelele izindawo eziseduze, indawo yokufika kwayo kufanele ikhethwe kude nezakhiwo, ezicingo kanye nezitshalo ezingahle zikwazi ukuncintisana naye.
Ukukhula okuvamile kanye nefruiting eliphakathi kwe badinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi, ngokuntuleka kwayo, umuthi awutholi ukukhula okugcwele, izithelo ezincane, ezimuncu, ezingenayo i-pigmented kahle, umqhele womuthi kufanele ube umoya omuhle, kudingekile ukuvimbela izifo zefungal.
Kuzo zonke lokhu kulandela ukuthi nge-pear khetha indawo ekhululekile, enomoya omuhle futhi ekhanyisiwe.
I-pear ayiyithandi kakhulu ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi, ikhula kakhulu emithonjeni enzima, kodwa noma iyiphi inhlabathi ingaba ne-ennobled uma itshalwe.
Lapho ukhetha indawo, kudingeka uqaphele ukuthi isivuno esihle singenzeka kuphela uma amanye amapheya ekhula eduze.
I-pollinator engcono kakhulu yokuhlukahluka kwe-Larinskaya yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-Severyanka ne-Fairytale.
Ukufika
Kubalulekile ukutshala i-pear Larinskaya, ucabangela ubukhulu bayo, nge-interval of 6 by 4 metersukujula komgodi wokufika kufanele kube hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1, nobubanzi - amasentimitha angu-80 kuya kwangu-80.
Uma ugoba umgodi, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi, njengoba luvundile kakhulu, kufanele lubekwe eceleni ngokwehlula okuphansi.
Isihlamba ngokucophelela exubene nebhakede elikhulu lama-humus, 1 inkomishi ye-superphosphate, izinkomishi ezingu-0.5 ze-potassium usawoti kanye nomlotha wokhuni.
Leli nani lezinto eziphilayo liwanele iminyaka emithathu, kanti umquba wamaminerali ungasetshenziswa emva konyaka, uma ukukhula kwesitshalo esincane sekuyeke.
I-hillock ihlelwe maphakathi nomgodi wokutshala, isimiso sezimpande sesitshalo sisezingeni elihle eduze kwemithambeka yayo, kahle kakhulu, uma abantu ababili behlanganyela ekutshaleni - umuntu ugcina isithombo endaweni ebekufunayo, kanti owesibili ulala ngokucophelela emgodini, ehlala ephazamisa umhlabathi.
Izimpande kufanele zilale phansi, ama-airbags azoholela ekuboleni izimpande nokufa kwesitshalo.
Umsila umsila kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha angu-5 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, lapho ukuchelela, inhlabathi iyohlala futhi intamo impande kuyoba endaweni efanele.
Ngaphambi kokutshala kusuka enhlabathini encane evundile efakwe lapho umba umgodi wokutshala, kudingekile ukuba wenze i-roller emaphethelweni emgodini wokufika ukuze amanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela engasabalalisi, isilling eyodwa idinga amabhakede amabili wamanzi; amanzi kufanele ahlanganiswe kancane kancane njengoba atholakala.
Osemncane isithombo, ngokushesha ukuqhuma kwenzeka, for ukuhlwanyela kuyizintambo ezifanele kakhulu 1 neminyaka emibili.
Ukufika kokuphela kumele ukushayela isikhonkwane emgodini wokufika, itholakala eduze kwe-sapling, kodwa ebangeni elingakaze liphazamise ukukhula kwalo, lesi sitshalo sinamathele ngokukhululekile.
I-twine ayifanele ifanelane ne-boom futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwayo okusheshayo. Plant pear engcono entwasahloboPhakathi nesikhathi sokutshala izitshalo, isitshalo esincane sikwazi ukugxila futhi silungiselele ubusika.
Izimila ezithengwa ekwindla kumele zikhumbule emgodini, zishiye ebusweni be-trunk kanye nomqhele, zibekwe ekhoneni lamadigri angu-45.
Ukudubula
Ikhasi ngokwayo liyakha umqhele walo, kodwa kungcono ukungavumeli le nqubo ithathe inkambo yayo bese yenza izinguquko zayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umlingisi unyaka nciphise kumamitha ayi-1, susa amafihlethi angaphansi kwamamitha angu-50.
Imbewu eyi-Biennial idinga ukunciphisa amahlumela ingxenye yesithathu yobude bawoLokhu kuvuselela ukuthuthukiswa kwesimiso sezimpande zesitshalo esincane futhi siphuthumise ukungena kwayo esigabeni se-fruiting.
Ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokufika ehlumela amahlumela anonyaka owodwa ubudala, anciphisa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, kanye nomuntu oneminyaka emibili ubudala udinga kuphela izihlahla ezihlanzekile nezokulungisa.
Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila i-pear idlula njalo ngonyaka ukusika izihlahla okuyinto kancane kancane, njengoba iminyaka isihlahla, ishintshwe ukuhlanzeka sanitary.
Lapho ukusika izikhonkwane, imithetho ejwayelekile yazo zonke izitshalo iyabonakala, uma ukusika i-bitch akufanele kube khona i-hemp, i-bark endaweni yokusika ihlanzwa ngommese obukhali, indawo yokusika kufanele ibheke kahle, hhayi ebuhle, yebo-ngoba impilo yesitshalo, umonakalo omncane, kulula ukutshala izihlahla, okusheshayo amanxeba ayokhula.
Konke ukusika okungaphezu kuka-1.5 cm ububanzi kumele kudwetshwe nge-linseed oyela noma odwe ngaphambilini. Umqhele wepeyari ebangeni laseLarinsky ngokwemvelo yobungako obuningi, kulula kakhulu ukusika.
Ukunisela
Ngemuva kokufika isitshalo esincane sidinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwenhlabathi kanye namanzi njengoba kudingeka, isitshalo esisungulwe kahle sinisela ngesomiso eside, kodwa okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga ukuchelela kuhambisana nokukhulelwa, njengoba ukunakwa kwabo ngaphandle kobumswakama obanele kunzima.
Izinhlobonhlobo zaseLarinskaya ezinomsolaibekezelela ukushisa okuphezulu futhi ukuphuza abantu abadala akudingekile, futhi ukufaka umanyolo ngamaminerali omanyolo kungenziwa indlela foliar.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isitshalo esincane sidinga ukudla okucebile kanye nomanyolo okusetshenziselwa ukutshala kwanele iminyaka eminingana., ukuntuleka kwezakhi kuzokubonakala ngokushesha ngokunciphisa ukukhula kwamahlumela.
Uma lesi sitshalo siqala ngokujwayelekile, ungasheshi ukusidla, ukwanda ngokweqile kumanyolo omzimba noma we-nitrogenous kubangele ukukhula okukhulayo, okwenza ukuba amahlumela ahlukaniswe, anciphise izinga lokugugaukuqina komqhele ngezinsika, futhi ukuqubuka kwe-potassium, i-phosphorus nezinye izinto kuholela ebuhlungu emzimbeni wesitshalo, zikhona zonke izinhlobo zezimpawu ezingathandeki, ezifana nesifo.
Isayensi ayimeme futhi iyathakazelisa, ukuthuthuka okuphumelelayo kososayensi, futhi phakathi kwabo - ukudla okunomsoco, kuyanda kakhulu. Ukudla okunomsoco kuhloswe ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokuzivikela, ukukhulisa isivuno nokuthuthukisa izinga layo.
Ukuphalaza kungenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-prophylactic ngezinambuzane, ama-foliar amalungiselelo asetshenzisiwe futhi kakade akhiqizwa ngokwanele ukuthola okudingekayo okuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.
Iningi labanye abalimi basebenzisa izidakamizwa: I-Ecolist, i-Adobe, iKristalon, i-Salyubor nokunye okunjalo.
Ukunakekela
Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila, izithombo zithinteka kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo ngazo.
Ukunisela, ukusilalisa, ukukhipha umjikelezo we-trunk kwenziwa ngesikhathi sonke semifino, ekwindla imibuthano ye-trunk idinga ukuguqulwa ekujuleni okujulile, futhi lapho kuqala ukuveliswa kubalulekile ukukhiqiza ukufaka imibuthano ye-trunk nokusila utshani uma kudingeka.
Izihlahla ezincane zingadonsela amagundane ebusika, ekwindla kuyadingeka ukubopha iziqu nge-ruberoid, lapnikom noma ezinye izinto ezingenakonakalisa amagundane namahabhu.
Njengoba bekhula, isidingo salesi sivikelo sokuzivikela siyanyamalala, isihlahla sakha amagxolo aqinile, kodwa njengoba sikhula, ifile, iziqhekeko eziqhekekile ziqoqa kuso.
Ziba yisiphephelo sezinhlobo zonke zezinambuzane nezifo ezihlasela izifo, ama-moshi nama-lichens ahlelwe ezikhuni ezifile. Lesi simo asivumelekile. Ithimba kanye namagatsha ezinhlanzi kumele zivuselelwe ngonyaka.
Ukusebenzisa i-scraper noma i-metal brush engalimazi isitshalo, gwema ngobumnene konke okweqile ukuze uphile amagxolokungenzeka umonakalo uphathwa nge-sulfate ye-iron ukuze i-disinfection, udoti ususwe ngokucophelela futhi ushiswe.
Amagatsha we-Trunk nama-squelette anenhlanganisela ama-lime namadaka ezinxenyeni ezilinganayo kanye nokwengezwa kwamagremu angu-100 e-sulfate esivundileuma kukhona ithuba elinjalo, engeza i-mullein encane, ukwakheka kufanele kube nokuvumelana kokukhilimu omuncu wamanzi.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa akuhlolwe yisizukulwane esisodwa sabalimi futhi akudingi ukukhangisa. Lezi zinto kufanele zenzeke entwasahlobo - i-gark isula, isuswa kalula, izicubu eziphilayo ze-trunk cishe azilimazi.
Ekwindla kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela umqhele, uma kukhona izithelo ezomile, abaphethe izifo, kumele zisuswe futhi zishiswe kanye namahlamvu aqoqwe.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-pear varier Larinskaya ine-enviable ukumelana nezifo unesifo somzimba nge-Ussuri pear 41-15-9, okuyinto ifomu hybrid.
Ukususa kwentwasahlobo noma ukushisa kwekwindla ekwedlule nge-10% isisombululo se-urea sinomphumela omuhle wokuvimbela. Wonke umuntu wazi ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuhle bezolimo buzovikela insimu ezifweni noma zivumele ukuba zitholakale ngokushesha futhi zilashwe.
Ukulawulwa kwezidakamizwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwefungal kanye ne-bacteria, okungukuthi izinambuzane zithwala izinhlamvu nama-bacteria, njengoba zihamba kalula kuyo yonke ingadi.
Futhi ukumelana nezifo kungase kuqhayise: Ukukhangisa Okujabulisayo, Uralochka, Silent Don, Tyoma noSvarog.
Insimu izogcinwa kusuka ku-podozhorok, tsvetoedov, imikhaza, abaxhumanisi abaphakathi kwelashwa ngokuvimbela ngaphambi nangemva kokuchichima nanoma iyiphi inambuzane.
Kunzima ukuthola amaphutha ephakathi kwe-Larinskaya ezihlukahlukene-ukubukeka okungajwayelekile, ukumelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimo ezimbi, dessert ukunambitheka kanye isivuno eliphezulu njalo wavumela ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikwazi ukubona izitadi zabathandani; zikhula i-pear of the variety of Larinsky nasezitshalweni zezithelo ezilinganisweni zezimboni.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphenduki zamapheya nazo kufanele zizinakekele eKrasnobakaya, Hera, Cathedral, Krasulya naseLada.
