Izici, izithombe kanye nezici ze-cyclamen yaseYurophu: izindlela ezingu-3 zokuhlukanisa ngezinhlobo zamaPheresiya

I-Cyclamens yahlala isikhathi eside endaweni efanelekayo ekuqoqweni kwabafaki bembali. Izimila zihlonishwa ukubukeka kwazo okuhle, ubude obude nezimbali ezimnandi. I-cyclamen yaseYurophu ithandwa ezweni lakubo njengensimu yezitshalo. Ezingxenyeni ezizungezile, ziqukethe njengesitshalo sangaphakathi.

Esihlokweni sizoxoxa ukuthi hlobo luni lwesitshalo futhi sinikeze incazelo eningiliziwe. Uzofunda ukuthi yimiphi imithetho yokunakekela okudingeka uyilandele ukuze imbali ikhule futhi ikhule.

Incazelo ye-Botanical nomlando

I-cyclamen yaseYurophu noma i-purple, igama lesiLatin elithi Cyclamen purpurascens ingenye yezinhlobo ze-Primrose yomndeni. Isitshalo esingapheli esinezihlahla ezihlala emdolobheni waseYurophu. Ezindaweni ezifudumele kukhula endle futhi kutshalwa emasimini. Ngokuvamile isitshalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-alpine violet noma i-dryakva. I-tuber spherical noma ihlukaniswe, ene-diameter ye-10 cm. Izimpande zikhula ngaphezu kwendawo yonke.

Ushiya i-petiolate, efana nenhliziyo. Emaphethelweni weplate yamashidi kukhona ama-notches amancane. Engxenyeni engenhla iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-lower - ene-purple hue. Izimbali zifana namaphiko e-butterfly, ubukhulu bawo buyi-2 cm. Ama-buds aqoshiwe ema-shade ahlukahlukene e-pink and light violet. Izimbali zide, kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-5. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-violet yama-alpine isakaze iphunga elimnandi.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa ifomu lasePheresiya?

Ngokuba umlimi onolwazi ngeke kube nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo ezithandwayo zasendlini. Yiziphi izici ezihlukanisa izimbali:

• Isakhiwo se-tuber - ezinhlobonhlobo zasePheresiya, i-tuber enezintambo ezinamaphesenti angu-15, kanti izimpande zikhula phansi. Ezimpandeni zase-European cyclamen zitholakala kulo lonke i-tuber.
• Isikhathi sokumbali - Blooms yasePheresiya kusukela ekwindla kuya ebusika sekwephuzile, eYurophu - entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
• Ubukhulu nombala wezimbali, amaqabunga - Ama-cyclamens aseYurophu amancane kunamaPheresiya, ubude bezimbali ngu-2 cm, ububanzi bamaqabunga buyi-3-4 cm. Izitshalo zihlukaniswa ngiphunga elimnandi lezimbali. Ingxenyeni engemuva yamaqabunga e-alpine violet violet, e-cyclamen yasePheresiya iyiluhlaza.

Mayelana nobuhle obuhle nemithetho yokunakekela i-cyclamen yasePheresiya, sibhala lapha.

Buka ividiyo mayelana nokwahlukana phakathi kwe-cyclamen yaseYurophu ne-Persia:

Isithombe

Isithombe sibonisa i-cyclamen yaseYurophu nasePheresiya, ungabona umehluko phakathi kwabo.

European


IsiPheresiya

Izindawo zokwelapha

Amajusi nokuxubusha kwezimpande ze-alpine violet kusiza ngezifo ezehlukene zesitho zangasese zesifazane, i-rheumatism, neuralgia. Isebenza ngokukhethekile izidakamizwa ezisekelwe ku-cyclamen yokwelashwa kwezitho zokuphefumula. Ijusi yesitshalo iqukethe ama-alkaloids, ama-saponins, amafutha abalulekile, ama-astringents. Zinezimpikiswano ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antiseptic.

Ekukhatheni kwemikhuhlane, izidakamizwa ze-sinusitis nezi-sinusitis zinqunywe, ezine-cyclamen juice ethi "Sinuforte", "Neonox".

Kubalulekile: Okuqukethwe izinto ezinobuthi ezimpandeni zesitshalo kungalimaza inhlalakahle yomuntu. Ama-infusions asetshenziswa ngokuqapha, emva kokubonisana nodokotela.

Imithetho yokutshala

Ukutshala ukhethe ibhodlela elincane. Amandla kufanele abe ngu-2-3 cm ephakeme kunomkhawulo we-tuber. Le nto ayinayo izidingo ezikhethekile, ingaba yi-ceramics noma ipulasitiki. Uma utshala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-tuber ingcwatshwe ngokuphelele. Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo akuvamile ukuthi kwenziwe - kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu ukuqala kukaMashi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-nodules amantombazane ahlukaniswe ukukhiqiza.

Buka ividiyo mayelana nemithetho yokuguqulwa kwe-cyclamen (ukufika):

Ukukhethwa nokukhanyisa

I-cyclamen yaseYurophu idinga ukukhetha ngokucophelela indawo. Imbali idinga ukukhanya okuhle kodwa okungafani. Kunconywa amawindi aseMpumalanga nasentshonalanga. Ngakwesokunxele, udinga ukukhishwa kwekhwalithi eliphezulu ukugwema ukushisa emaqabunga.

Umoya omusha ubalulekile ku-Alpine violet. Kuzwela okwephunga, ibhodlela alikwazi ukufakwa ekhishini noma ukubhema nxazonke. Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, imbali ifakwa emgodini noma engadini, njalo isithunzi somthunzi.

Izidingo zomhlaba

I-substrate kufanele ibe yinto evulekile futhi ilula. Ehlabathini enzima, i-cyclamen ebomvu igxuma ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa. Indlela engcono yokuthenga ukuxuba okhethekile esitolo. I-substrate yokutshala ingalungiswa ngokuzimela, uzodinga:

• iqabunga lomhlaba;
• i-peat;
• i-humus;
• isihlabathi esinamafutha.

Ibhodi: I-acidity yenhlabathi ephakanyisiwe ingu-5.5-6.5 pH (i-asidi ephansi noma engathathi hlangothi).

Ukunakekelwa ekhaya: amathiphu namasu

Umjikelezo wokuphila wesitshalo sekhaya uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: izimila nokuphumula. Inkathi ekhulayo ivela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lomoya lokunconywa lingu-15-18 °. Ebusika, imbali idluliselwa ekamelweni elipholile, lapho 12-15 °. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, amaphuzu okukhula alala, kodwa amaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza.

Ama-stalks aphelile amaqabunga namaqabunga awakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ne-tuber. Zisuswa, zihlanekezela nxazonke ze-axis.

• Ukunisela. Ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwenkathi ekhulayo kuvamile futhi ifanisha. Ungavumeli ukomisa nokuqhuma kwamanzi. Indlela engcono kakhulu - ukuchelela okuphansi ngapha. Amanzi athambile, ahleliwe, aphefumule ekamelweni. Isidingo somswakama sihlolwe engxenyeni ephezulu yenhlabathi - uma iphela, sekuyisikhathi sokunisela imbali. Ebusika, umswakama usancishisiwe.
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo kanye nezimbali, isitshalo sondliwa njalo njalo ngesonto. Kusetshenziselwa umquba wokunciphisa amaminerali. Ukulungiswa kwezitshalo zezimbali kufanelekile, kodwa umthamo onconywayo uyingxenye eyodwa. Ebusika, ukudla akukwenziwa. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kube ngaphansi kwe-nitrogen, lesi sici senza ukubola kwe-tuber.
• Ukufakelwa. I-cyclamen e-Purple isabela kabi ngokufakelwa kabusha. Inqubo yenziwa ngokungavamile - 1 isikhathi eminyakeni 3-4. Ikhiqizwa yindlela yokuguqulwa, ngokuhlukumezeka okuncane ezimpandeni. Uhlaka lwamanzi luthululwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana, isikhala samahhala esizungeze i-tuber sigcwele inhlabathi entsha.

Buka ividiyo mayelana nemithetho yokunakekela i-cyclamen:

Izifo ezivamile nezilokazane

Ama-causative agents of cyclamen yi-fungi namagciwane. Ukuqaphela lesi sifo kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kuzosiza ukusindisa isitshalo.

1. Ukubola okumanzi - Isifo se-bacterium, sibonakala ekuboleni kwe-tuber. Izimpawu: ukuzithemba, ukunqwabelana kwamaqabunga kanye nezimbali zembali, i-putrid iphunga emhlabathini. Ayikho ikhambi, imbali ibhujiswe ukuvikela ukusabalala kokutheleleka.
2. I-Fusarium - Isifo sefungaluthi esithinta izitsha zembali. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwempande. Izimpawu: amaqabunga aphuzi kusuka eziqongweni. Ukwelashwa: ukuchelela ngesisombululo sesisekelo, ukuphalaza "Topsino-M".
3. Grey ukubola - izinhlamvu ze-fungus ziqoshwe umoya noma amanzi. Zithinteka izitshalo eziqukethe umswakama ophezulu nokushisa okuphansi. Izimpawu: isikhunta esibomvu emaqabungeni, ama-flower stalks bese eqala ukumnyama, bese efa. Ukwelashwa: susa izingxenye ezithintekile, uphathe isitshalo nge-fungicide systemic.

Izitha ezivame kakhulu zokuhamba nge-cyclamen yizikhawu, i-thrips, i-aphid, izinambuzane ezincane.

1. I-Cyclamen mite - inkathazo encane (0.1-0.3 mm), engatholakali ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Thepha amakoloni athuthuke ngemuva kwamacembe. Uma iqoqo elikhulu lifana nohlaka lweshuli. Umsebenzi obalulekile wezinambuzane uholela ekuthuthukiseni amaqabunga nezimbali, ukuhlanekezela isiqu, ukunciphisa ukukhula. Amaqabunga abathintekayo aphelile, lesi sitshalo sihlanjululwa ngekhambi le-Agravertina elixubene nesobho lensimbi.
2. Aphid - i-parasite evamile yezitshalo, idla ngejusi layo. Izinambuzane zigcinwa ngemuva kwamaqabunga, kodwa ukukhiqizwa okuphawulekayo kubonakala. Uhlelo lwe-Aktara insecticide luzosiza ukuwabhubhisa. Ngaphambi kokucubungula kunconywa ukuba ugeze amaqabunga ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo.
3. Shchitovka - izinambuzane zibukeka njengamabala amnyama esitsheni namaqabunga. Kuyinto immobile, idla ehlezi endaweni eyodwa. Ama-flaps omdala asusiwe nge-swab efakwe utshwala. Izibungu eziqhamukayo zisuswe yizinambuzane "Karbofos", "Aktellik".
4. Thrips - izidumbu ezinambuzane ezigqamile ziqoshwe ezimhlophe noma ezimnyama. Izinambuzane zondla izimbali namaqabunga, okwenza izindawo ezinsundu nokulwa. I-Thrips iyiselula, abantu abadala baya ezindizeni eziseduze. Ukuqeda inkathazo kuzosiza ukwelashwa kathathu "Condiforom", "Kinmiksom" noma "Ditoksom."

Izici zokuzala

I-alpine violet ikhiqiza igatsha lezilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlangene kanye nembewu. Ikhetho lokuqala lilula ekusebenzeni futhi likuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokushesha isitshalo esiphambukayo. Kwanele ukusika i-tuber eyenziwe bese uyitshala embizeni ehlukile.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi. Inhlanganisela evumelekile yendawo yonke yezitshalo zezimbali, eyongezwa ngesihlabathi esinyene. I-tuber yengane ingcwatshwe ngokuphelele emhlabathini.

Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuthatha isikhathi. Ekhaya, kuzodinga impova yokufakelwa yezimbali. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kufanele ifakwe kwisisombululo se-zircon amahora angu-20-24. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ingxube ye-peat ne-vermiculite (1: 1), ifafazwe ngesihlabathi phezulu.

Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela agcwele ifilimu emnyama. Ukuhluma kuthatha cishe inyanga eyodwa, ngezikhathi ezithile zihambisa umhlabathi. Izithombo eziphelile ziqhakaza ezinyangeni ezingu-8-14.

Buka ividiyo ekukhiqizeni i-cyclamen yaseYurophu enezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nembewu:

Izitshalo ezifanayo

I-Cyclamen genus ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-20, phakathi kwazo:

• I-cyclamen yase-Afrika - isici esithile saleso sitshalo - ukubonakala kwe-peduncles ngaphambi kwamagqabi. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, kulandelwa ukuwa kweqabunga kanye nesikhathi esibi. Umbala we-efihlekile u-pink, amaqabunga angaba ngu-15 cm ububanzi.
• I-Cyclamen yamaColombia - izinhlobo ezingavamile ezibalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu. Izimbali zincane, amaqabunga aluhlaza ngaphandle kwephethini.
• I-Icy noma iCylamitan Cyclamen - indawo yokuzalwa kuyo yiLwandle iMedithera laseFrance naseTurkey. Amaqabunga afakiwe anephethini elisezingeni eliphansi.
• I-Kosam Cyclamen - etholakala esiqhingini saseKos, eCrimea naseCaucasus. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, ama-petals amhlophe, amnyama futhi abomvu. Emaqabunga ohlobo lwe-silver-marbled.
• Cyclamen Cypriot - uhlobo oluthile lwezilwane olukhulayo emhlabeni. Izimbali ziyiphunga elimnandi, elimhlophe noma elibomvu ngesisekelo esibubende. Isikhathi sokumbali kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari-Februwari.

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-cyclamen, uzothola kulesi sihloko, futhi ngezinhlobo ezithandwayo ezivela enhlanganisweni ye-seed "Cyclamen Mix", kanye nokuthi zingasetshala kanjani nokuthi zingasetshenziswa kanjani, funda lapha.

Isiphetho

I-cyclamen yaseYurophu ayiyona imbali ejwayelekile kunazo zonke, kodwa iphansi ekuthandweni kwezihlukahlukene zasePheresiya. Izihlahla ezihlala njalo zesikrini ezinokunakekelwa kahle nokuhambisana nemithetho ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza zizohlobisa ingaphakathi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Akuyona nje injabulo yokuzijabulisa, kodwa impilo inikeza abanikazi i-cyclamen enombala. I-tincture nejusi ezimpandeni ziyokhipha isifo se-sinusitis nezinye izifo.