Blutang (catarrha fever) izinkomo

Ukunqotshwa kwe-bluetooth ye-bovine kwenzeka kancane kancane kunemvu. Lesi sifo, esivela e-Afrika, siyakwazi ukuqoshwa ezinkomeni emazweni aseYurophu. Sifunda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo, ukuthi kuyingozi kanjani isilwane, indlela yokuphatha ngayo nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuvimbela.

Okuqukethwe:

• I-Pathogen, imithombo nemigwaqo yokutheleleka
• Inkathi yokufakelwa kanye nezimpawu
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Laboratory
• Izinguquko zesifo
• Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha
• Ukungakhulelwe
• Imithetho yokuvimbela nokulawula i-bluetooth

Yisiphi isifo

I-Blutang nayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-catarral fever noma "ulimi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Lokhu ukutheleleka ngegciwane lapho i-arthropod ihileleka khona. Uma kubonakala izilonda zesikhumba ezivuvukalayo zomlomo womlomo, umuthi wamathumbu, isikhumba se-epithelium sezinselo.

Uyazi? Isikhathi sokuqala sokuthokoza satholwa eningizimu ye-Afrika ngo-1876 futhi ekuqaleni kwakubhekwa njengenkinga yase-Afrika. Manje lesi sifo semfuyo sisakaze cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Iziqhumane zalesi sifo zisanda kubikwa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu.

I-Pathogen, imithombo nemigwaqo yokutheleleka

I-Blutang ibangelwa igciwane le-RNA eliqukethe i-Orbivirus genus (umndeni Reoviridae). Lesi sifo kokubili singashadile futhi sisakazeke. Umthombo wawo izilwane ezigulayo. Ama-middle midgeer of the genus Culicoides ahilelekile ekudlulisweni kwalesi sifo segciwane.

Lokhu kunika isimo esimisiwe futhi senze kube sincike ezinkathini zonyaka. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile siba khona ehlobo futhi sisakazeka ngokweqile ezinsukwini ezishisayo. Ngokuvamile kubhalwe ezindaweni ezinomkhumbi noma ezindaweni ezibhekene nesilinganiso esikhulu semvula yamanzi kanye nokuqhuma kwamanzi.

Lesi sifo sithandwa kakhulu yizilwane ezingondlekile eziphethwe izibungu nezifo. Izingozi zezinto ezenzekayo nazo ziyizilwane ezigcwele futhi zelanga. Umthengisi wokutheleleka ngegciwane - i-wood louse

Inkathi yokufakelwa kanye nezimpawu

I-Blutang ibhekwa yisikhathi sokugxilwa kwezinsuku ezingu-6-9 futhi singenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene (i-acute, i-subacute, engavamile, isisu).

Ngendlela elula yesifo, lezi zimpawu zilandelayo:

• ukushisa okwandisiwe (+ 41-42 ° C), okuhlala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-11;
• ukubomvu, ukuguguleka kwamanzi, nezilonda zamangqamuzana omlomo omlomo;
• salivation eyanda;
• iphunga lokubola kusuka emlonyeni;
• ukukhishwa kwe-nasal purulent;
• ukuvuvukala ezindlebeni, izindebe, ulimi, umhlathi, okwenza kancane kancane intamo nesifuba;
• ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulimi luba mnyama noma luhlaza, lungase lube (hhayi njalo);
• i-poddermatit;
• ukuzinyaza nokugoba kwentamo;
• ezimweni eziphambili, zikhona isifo sohudo esinama-block bloody, ukulahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu kanye nobuthakathaka.

I-anaplasmosis, i-pasteurellosis, i-actinomycosis, i-abscess ne-parainfluenza-3 nayo ibizwa ngokuthi izifo ezithathelwanayo zezinkomo.

Ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi yesifo ngokuvamile lithatha izinsuku ezingu-6-20 futhi lingabulala isilwane ezinsukwini ezingu-2-8 ngemuva kokuthola izimpawu zokuqala. Emaqenjini angama-subacute noma angapheliyo, zonke izimpawu ezingenhla zivela kancane futhi azikhulumi kakhulu. Ngalesi sifo lesi sifo, isilwane sinokulahlekelwa isisindo, izinga elimpofu lejazi, nesilonda emlenzeni oholela ekudleni. Esimweni sesifo esicindezelayo, i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo zesibindi zingase zivele.

Uyazi? Inani le-bluetongue serogroups eliyi-24 libonisiwe. Imishanguzo yokulwa nalesi sifo ibandakanya 4 izinhlobo ezivamile zesifo se-causative. IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika inomgomo oqukethe ama-serotypes angu-14 yalesi sifo.

Ifomu le-subacute lingahlala izinsuku ezingaba ngu-30-40, futhi ukukhathazeka okungapheli okungaphezu konyaka. Isilwane esinesi sifo sifinyelela kancane kancane, kepha ukufa akuvamile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho i-bluetang ivele khona okokuqala. Ifomu lokukhipha libhekene nokushisa okwenyuka kancane, uketshezi oluthile lwezinambuzane ezinamaqabunga, nakuba izinguquko ze-necrotic ngezinye izikhathi zingabonwa emgodini womlomo. Izinkomo zinezimo ezicindezelekile kanye nokwehla kokukhiqizwa ubisi.

Ngokuvamile izibonakaliso ezinjalo ziyabonakala uma ukugonywa kwenziwe, futhi isimo sesilwane sisonke sinelisekile ngempela. Izinkomo ezikhulelwe zingaba nesisu noma zibelethe izingane ezincane. Okuyingozi kunazo zonke ukutheleleka kwe-embryo ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Laboratory

Njengoba izibonakaliso zomtholampilo ze-bluetongue azibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuhlola igazi kwe-laboratory kufanele kwenziwe ngezinkomo ezilethwe epulazini. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo singakaze sibhekwe khona, ukufa komhlambi kungase kube yi-90% yabantu bonke.

Igciwane le-pathogen ligcinwe ngezindlela ze-serological. Okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwe-enzyme immunoassay, okuthola ngokunembile ukuthi i-antibodies i-bluetongue.

Seluleka ukuba ufunde mayelana nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani inkomo efanele, indlela yokudla inkomo enomlomo neyomile, ukuthi ungakanani izinga lokushisa komzimba lwezinkomo, indlela yokulondla inkomo, ukondla kahle izinkomo emadlelweni, futhi uthole ukuthi isisindo senkomo sincike kuphi.

Isilwane esidlulile kakade silondoloza ama-antibodies anjalo isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke lolu cwaningo ngeke lubonise isithombe esigcwele ezindaweni eziqhamukayo zesifo. Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhomba izinkomo ezihluphekile ukuthi zingeniswe ezweni noma emafamu.

Ngenhloso yokuxilonga, bangasebenzisa i-polymerase chain response, evumela ukuhlukanisa i-serogroup futhi banikeze imiphumela enembile kakhulu. Igazi lokuxilongwa nge-laboratory

Izinguquko zesifo

Lapho izinkomo ze-catarrha fever zaphawula izinguquko ezilandelayo:

• ukukhathala okukhulu kwenyama yonke;
• ukujikeleza okuncane, okwenza ukuvuvukala komzimba ophansi;
• ukuvuvukala kwezingqimba zamangcwaba, ezinomshini wokuluhlaza;
• ukwanda kanye ne-cyanosis yolimi, okuvame ukungena ngaphandle;
• izinsini kanye nezikhala zangaphakathi zamathunga zithinteka ukukhukhula, kanye nezilonda;
• i-musculature ye-skeletal ingxenye ine-multiple foci ye-tishu yokufa;
• imisipha yenhliziyo ikhulisiwe futhi isakhiwo esibi;
• izinguquko kwisakhiwo sezitho zangaphakathi;
• i-dropsy ivame ukutholakala;
• izinguquko ezinama-dystrophic ekupheleni kwe-vascular endothelium, mucosa emathunjini nasemisipha yamathambo.

Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha

Ngeshwa, okwamanje akakho ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwezinkomo ngokumelene ne-bluetongue. Ukwelashwa kuthinta kakhulu izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukugoma. Izilwane ezigulayo zinikezwa ukuhlatshwa.

Ukungakhulelwe

Isilwane esinesifo se-catarrhal fever siphucula impilo yonke kule serogroup yegciwane. Ama-antibodies ahambisanayo avela egazini elingadluliselwa ezincane uma lidla nge-colostrum. Ukuze uhlakulele isifo sengculazi ngalesi sifo, umuthi wokugoma oqukethe izinhlobo eziningana usetshenziswa.

Ihlinzekwa izilwane ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngevolumu 1-2 ml. Ukuthuthukiswa kwengculazi kwenzeka emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 futhi kuqhubeka okungaphezu konyaka. Ngenkathi yokugoma, izinkomo kufanele zivikelwe elangeni elisebenzayo. Ukugonywa kwenziwa ezilwaneni ezivela ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala.

Kubalulekile! Amancenge namawundlu anconywa ukuthi angondla kusuka kumama ogonywe futhi hhayi abathintekayo, njengoba behlakulela ingculazi, okuyinto ehlala izinyanga ezingu-3-4.

Imithetho yokuvimbela nokulawula i-bluetooth

Isifo esinjalo kungcono ukuvimbela kunokwelapha. Ukuvimbela okuyinhloko kulokhu, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi okulwa nalesi sifo. Ukususwa kwe-disinfection yenqolobane, njengendlela yokuvimbela ibluetongue

Ukuvimbela ukusakazwa kokutheleleka, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:

• sebenzisa ama-insecticide kanye nama-repellents;
• Ungahambi emhlambini ezindaweni ezinomkhumbi;
• Gcina izinkomo ezinqolobaneni ezikhethekile ngonyaka wonke;
• uma uthenga imfuyo emisha, qaphela ukuchitha isikhathi esithile;
• ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kwe-serological nge-interval time of days 20;
• lawula ikhwalithi yesilisa esithengelwe ukukhulelwa;
• Ungagcini izinkomo nezimvu ekamelweni elilodwa lokuzalanisa;
• yenza imishanguzo ejwayelekile ye-prophylactic, ikakhulukazi izinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinambuzane ezondla igazi (midges, umiyane, amathikithi nabanye);
• ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa okuvamile, ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukutholakala kwezifo ngesikhathi esifanele;
• gcina imithetho yokuhlanzeka futhi uchithe ukungasebenzi ngokugcwele.

Kodwa, uma kunjalo, lesi sifo sitholakale futhi izivivinyo zibonise umphumela omuhle, khona-ke lonke ipulazi liya ekuhlukaniseni indawo, futhi indawo engaphansi kwendawo engamakhilomitha angu-150 ibhekwa njengengalungile. Lokhu kungenxa yokudluliselwa kokutheleleka ngamangqamuzana, izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane.

Kubalulekile! Ukudla emva kokuhlatshwa kungadliwa kuphela emva kokupheka amahora ama-2.5, ngokuvamile inyama enjalo iya ekukhiqizeni ukudla okusemathinini noma isoseji.

Emkhakheni wezokusabalala ezitholakala ezilwaneni, amasampuli egazi asethathwa ngokucophelela futhi kuhlolwe ukuhlolwa kwezifo. Endaweni yokuhlukanisa indawo, ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwezilwane akuvunyelwe. Abantu abagulayo banikezwa ukuhlatshwa. Ukuqhuba ukugonywa kwezinkomo, njengendlela yokuvimbela ukuqhuma kwesibhakabhaka

Ukuhlukaniswa komsebenzi kukhanseliwe kuphela ngonyaka owodwa kusukela kusigameko sokugcina esibhalwe phansi sesifo kanye nemiphumela evamile uma uhlolwa ukutholakala kwe-agent ye-causative. Kodwa ukuxilongwa nokugoma kwenziwa njalo kule ndawo kanye nezindawo eziseduze nayo.

I-Blutang iyisifo esingenasifo senkomo ensimini yethu, kodwa ukuqhuma kwalesi sifo kuvame ukulotshwe eYurophu futhi sekufinyelele ensimini yethu. Izilwane ezithengwa ezivela kwamanye amazwe kufanele zihlolwe futhi zigonywe uma ngabe izifo zalesi sifo ziqoshiwe ndawo noma epulazini.