UFennel: incazelo yesitshalo nokunakekelwa kwaso

UFennel waziwa kancane kubalimi baseRussia. Ngaphandle, kufana kakhulu ne-dill ejwayelekile, kepha ukunambitheka kuhluke kakhulu, nephunga lawo alisho kanjalo. Noma kunjalo, lesi sinongo esithandwa emazweni aseMedithera siphilile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthatha indawo ngeplani yengadi ye-exoticism engavamile.

Ngabe ubukeka kanjani uFennel?

UFennel ne-dill ejwayelekile kubalimi baseRussia bangabomndeni ofanayo we-Umbrella. Ngaphandle, ziyefana kakhulu, kepha ukufana kuphela lapho. Iphunga le-fennel eluhlaza likhumbuza kakhulu i-anise, ukunambitheka kunephunga, ngamanothi akhanyayo obumnandi, isihlahla sinamandla (ukuphakama kusuka ku-90-100 cm). Okuqukethwe amavithamini, amaminerali nezinye izinto ezinempilo fennel kudlula kakhulu i-dill.

Emvelweni, i-fennel isinda ngokuphumelelayo cishe ematsheni angenalutho, kepha umlimi kuyodingeka asebenze kanzima ukuthola isivuno

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo leli siko yiMedithera (North Africa, Southeast kanye neNtshonalanga Yurophu). Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eNtshonalanga Asia, eNingizimu Melika naseNew Zealand. Emvelweni, kukhula njengokhula, cishe ematsheni angenalutho.

Izihlahla ze-Fennel zingabumbana impela, kepha uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo lunamandla, luthuthukisiwe

Izici zalo zokuphulukisa ziyaziwa kusukela kudala. Izazi zaseGibhithe, zamaGrikhi nezama-Arabhu zazazi kahle ngabo. Lesi sitshalo kukhulunywa ngaso emibhalweni yaso yiHippocrates, uPliny, Avicenna. Futhi ngeNkathi Ephakathi, u-fennel wayenekhono elingaphezu kwemvelo lokukhipha imimoya emibi. Isigejana semifino kufanele sibethelwe ngaphezulu komnyango wangaphambili.

Ngokuvamile, i-fennel yisiko laphakade, kepha isimo sezulu iningi leRussia sikuvumela ukuba ukhule kuphela njengesitshalo sonyaka. Isiko elalijwayele isimo sezulu esishisayo ngeke libekezelele ubusika base-Ural naseSiberia, noma ngabe buyindawo yokukhosela.

I-fennel yemifino ikhonjwa kalula yisici sayo "anyanisi" phansi kwesiqu

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zazo - izimpande nemifino (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Italian noma iFlorentine). Owokuqala ubonakala ngokuba khona kwesigqi esinamandla esinobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-1 cm, esimeni esifana nesixaza. Okwesibili kwamaqabunga ama-petioles ezansi kwesiqu kwakha "amakhanda weklabishi" amancane afanayo nama-bulbs. Abalimi bavame ukutshala i-fennel yemifino. Ukudla zonke izingxenye zesitshalo - nemifino, nezithelo, kanye "nezinhloko zeklabishi."

"Amakhanda" e-fennel ngokuvamile aminyene

Isiqu se-fennel siqondile, asinalutho, siyindilinga, futhi sihlokoma ngokuqinile eduze kwethango. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0.9 m kuya kumamitha ama-2. Amaqabunga afana ne-dill (ekhiqizwe ngokunamandla i-cirrus) esesimweni, kepha ahluke ngombala - ku-fennel akhanya kancane, anepende elimhlophe noma lesiliva. Ibonakala ngokusobala emaqabungeni aphezulu.

UFennel, uma imbewu ivuthwa, ikhula kalula ngokuzitshala

Izimbali eziqhakazayo zenzeka ngoJulayi-Agasti. Izimbali zincanyana, ziphuzi noma ziphuzi-luhlaza, ziqoqwe ngama-inflorescence, izambulela. Ububanzi bawo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-3-4 cm kuya ku-12-15 cm. Izithelo zomnqumo noma oluhlaza grey zivuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Ukuvula, ahlukana kabili futhi ngokushesha aqhekeka. Zibuye zibe ne-flavour ye-anise enobuntu kanye nokunambitheka okukhanyayo okukhanyayo.

Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kukaFennel kukude kakhulu ukuba kubonakale kubo bonke abalimi

Isikhathi sokuqala lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngesizini ezayo ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini, ngakho abalimi baseRussia ngokuvamile abayiboni le nto. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, akunakwenzeka ukuqoqa ngokuzimela imbewu ye-fennel.

Yini isitshalo esisebenzayo nokuthi usisebenzisa kanjani

Ngokwokuqukethwe kwamavithamini namaminerali, i-fennel isekude dill evamile. Okuphawuleka ikakhulukazi ngamavithamini wamaqembu B, A, C, calcium, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-selenium, ithusi, i-chromium nensimbi.

Zonke izingxenye ze-fennel zisetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yabomdabu. Kungenxa yesisekelo sayo ukuthi amanzi we-dill owaziwayo alungiswa yiwo wonke umuntu, asetshenziswa njenge-diuretic, antispasmodic kanye ne-disinfectant. Isenzo sakhe simnene impela, sinconyelwa ngisho nasezinganeni ezine-colic, eziqhakaza kanye nokuminyanisa emathunjini.

I-Fennel kawoyela ebalulekile ibuyisela isimo sepheshana esiswini, isiza ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni. Kuboniswa futhi ukuze kuqedwe imiphumela yokudla ngokweqile futhi uthuthukise iphango. Ku-aromatherapy, isetshenziselwa ukudambisa ukucindezelwa okungapheli, ukuqeda ukukhathazeka okungenasizathu. Leli thuluzi liphinde lisize ukuguqula isimo sohlelo lwezinzwa ngokuhlaselwa njalo konya futhi kumane kuthuthukise ukuguquguquka kwemizwa.

Amafutha abalulekile e-Fennel anomphumela wokuthula opholile, onomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinzwa

I-tincture yamaqabunga e-fennel ine-antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. Isetshenziselwa ngaphandle ekwelapheni izifo zesikhunta, ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba, izilonda, isikhumba nezinye izinkinga zesikhumba.

Lapho yomile, i-fennel iyingxenye yezimali eziningi ezilindelwe. Babekelwe isifo se-bronchitis, inyumoniya, i-laryngitis, nezinye izifo zokuphefumula.

Kunconywa ama-decoction of greens kwabesifazane abancelisa ingane ibele. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi kunomthelela omuhle ekuqashweni. Futhi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, leli khambi lisiza ukuqeda ukuhlaselwa kokugula kwasekuseni futhi uthole ukudla. Kuyasiza nasezinkinga ngezinsini kanye ne-halitosis.

I-decoction yamaqabunga e-fennel inenzuzo enkulu kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa.

Amaqabunga nembewu kaFennel asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni. Cishe kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwaseMedithera. Bangezelelwa kusaladi (ngisho nezithelo), amasobho, izitsha zenyama nezinhlanzi. UFennel naye ulungele ukuwafaka ekhaya. Ingafakwa ekuphekeni kwamatamatisi agayiwe, ukhukhamba, i-sauerkraut. "Ama-Goofies" nawo ayadliwa. Zibilisiwe noma zibhakwe ziphelele, zisetshenziswa njengesitsha esisehlangothini. Imbewu zengezelelwa ekugcwalisweni kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-confectionery nasenhlameni yesinkwa, esetshenziselwa ukunambitha uphuzo oludakayo.

"Ama-Heads" e-fennel asetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni kwaseMedithera

Kukhona ukuphambana. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa i-fennel nesithuthwane. Futhi uma uyidla ngokungalinganiseli, kungenzeka ukuba uthole isisu esikhathazekile namathumbu. Kukhona nokusabela komzimba. UFennel kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuqwashisa kulabo abahlushwa imizwa yesifo sohudo esivamile.

Imbewu ye-Fennel isetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yesintu nasekuphekeni

Ividiyo: Izinzuzo Zezempilo zeFennel

Incazelo yezinhlobo ezejwayelekile

Azikho izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu kanye nzalo ka fennel. Iningi lazo zingokwenhlobo yemifino. Kepha kunezinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Zivelela ngaphandle komthunzi wamaqabunga angajwayelekile.

Izinhlobo zefennel ezitshalwa abalimi:

• Iphunga. Izinhlobo ezivuthwa eziphakathi nendawo, imifino ingasikwa ezinsukwini ezingama-75-85 ngemuva kokutshala. Ukukhiqiza - 2-3 kg wesisindo esiluhlaza esihlahleni.
• Luzhnovsky Semko. Isitshalo esihlangene kahle, esingadluli ku-0.5-0.6 m ukuphakama. "Ama-Heads" amhlophe qhwa, kunalokho aminyene, anama-voids amancane. Isisindo esijwayelekile sifinyelela ku-200-220 g.
• Umthengisi. Izinhlobonhlobo zesikhathi sokuvuthwa okuphakathi, esisodwa esincane kunazo zonke (ukuphakama kufike ku-0.5 m). "Izinhloko" ezinesisindo esingu-100-120 g. Zakhiwa ngisho nangamahora amade wemini.
• ICorvette Enye yezinto ezintsha zokukhetha. Ukuhlukahluka sekwephuzile, ukuvuthwa "kwamakhanda" kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-120 kuya ku-1255. Zipendiwe ngombala omhlophe okotshani obuluhlaza, zifinyelela esilinganisweni sama-250-80 g. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kucishe kube ngu-60 cm, kepha 1-1.2 kg wesisindo esiluhlaza singatholakala kuwo. Isivuno "samakhanda" sifinyelela ku-2.7 kg / m².
• ISoprano. Izinhlobonhlobo zisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo (isikhathi sezimila - izinsuku eziyi-110-115), "amakhanda" amhlophe noma aluhlaza okotshani, amakha kakhulu, aminyene. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube ngu-1.5-1.8 m, lesi sitshalo sinamandla, siqinisa amagatsha ngokuqinile. Isisindo esijwayelekile se "nhloko" ephakeme singama-100 g. Isivuno esivela ku-1 m² silinganiselwa ku-3-4 kg wohlaza okotshani nokufika ku-2.4 kg "wekhanda".
• Umholi. Izinhlobonhlobo zisaqala, ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ngemuva kokutshala. Isihlahla sinamandla, cishe angama-170-180 cm ukuphakama, sinamaqabunga amakhulu. Amacembe makhulu. On imifino, amaqabunga kuvunwa ngaphambi zom.
• Autumn handsome. Enye inhlobo yokuvuthwa kokuqala, elungele ukusikwa ezinsukwini ezingama-38-40. Isihlahla sikhula ngokushesha, cishe siphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-150-180. Imifino imnene kakhulu, inephunga elikhanyayo.
• I-Rudy F1. Lesi sitshalo si-hybrid, ngeke sisebenze ukuqoqa imbewu efanelekayo, noma ngabe sitshalwe njengesihlahla sonyaka. "Izinhloko" zikhulu (kufinyelela ku-300 g), umbala wesaladi onsundu, cishe ukwakheka kwe-spherical.
• I-Giant Bronze Amaqabunga asanda kuqhakaza athelwe ithusi. Kancane kancane shintsha ube nsundu onsundu.
• I-Purpureum. Amacembe amancanyana aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayo nge-tint yethusi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ishintsha ibe ngu-grey-silver.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ze-fennel ezidumile phakathi kwabalimi

Izimo ezidingekayo ukuze kutshalwe izilimo

UFennel uthathwa njengento efanele yonke imigomo yezilimo ezikhulayo. E-Russia, lapho isimo sezulu sihluke kakhulu kweleMedithera ajwayelekile kuye, "izifiso" zakhe kufanele nakanjani zilalelwe uma kunesifiso sokuvuna.

Umbhede we-fennel kumele ubekwe endaweni efudumele ilanga. Emthunzini nasendimeni encane, "amakhanda" empeleni awakheki, ama-greens coarsen, iphunga livezwa buthaka. UFennel uthanda ukushisa, kepha akubekezeleli ukushisa ngokweqile nesomiso kahle. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukwakha indawo evulekile phezu kombhede engadini kunoma iyiphi impahla esembozweni yombala omhlophe, evikela ukutshala okuvela elangeni ngqo. Ngokudabukisayo, lesi sitshalo asidingi ukukhanya kosuku olude.

Emaphethelweni, kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhawulela umbhede kumashidi wesilayidi agcinwe ukujula kwama-20-25 cm - ngokuntuleka komswakama, amafenisi enza izimpande ezinde ezingafika emibhedeni eseduze futhi anciphise amanzi ezitshalo ezikhule lapho.

Omakhelwane abalungile be-fennel bakhukhamba neklabishi. Zonke lezi zitshalo zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngephunga lawo, i-fennel idonsela izinambuzane eziningi, inciphisa ukhukhamba neklabishi, futhi ihehe izinambuzane ezihlasela impova. Kepha isipinashi, imbewu caraway, ubhontshisi, pepper bell ezitholakala eduzane zithonya isiko kabi, kuvimbela ukukhula kanye nentuthuko. Noma yiziphi izitshalo ezinde (ezinjengommbila) zakha isithunzi esingafuneki.

Ukhukhamba zihlangana kahle ne-fennel - zombili izilimo zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi

Kungcono ukutshala i-fennel lapho imifino ebikade idinga imithamo emikhulu yomanyolo we-organic (amazambane, iklabishi, ukhukhamba) lapho kutshalwe khona. Uma kulungiswa umbhede omusha wegadi, ekwindla kugaywa ngokucophelela, kuhlanzwe imfucumfucu yemifino, i-humus noma umquba obunjiwe (8-10 kg ngemitha emugqa) kwethulwa. Umquba omusha awunakwa ngokuphelele. Kumanyolo wamaminerali, phosphorus kanye ne-potash kuphela (i-10-15 g ngemitha emugqa) edingekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho umbhede umbozwe ngefilimu bese ushiywe kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Humus ukwethulwa engadini kuthinta kahle ukuzala substrate

Inhlabathi enesihlabathi esikhanyayo, njengodaka olunzima lobumba, ayisifanele isitshalo. Inketho engcono kakhulu yi-chernozem, sierozem noma i-loam nge-alkaline reaction. Ukwehlisa inhlabathi ene-acidic, kufakwe ulamula oshibhile, ufulawa we-dolomite, ushoko ochotshoziwe, kufakwa umlotha wezinkuni osufinyeziwe.

Ufulawa weDolomite - i-deoxidizer yemvelo yenhlabathi, uma ulandela umthamo, ngeke kube nemiphumela emibi

Isendlalelo lapho i-fennel itshalwe khona kumele ikanyiswe kahle. Kulokhu, izindawo eziphansi ziyafaneleka, lapho amanzi ancibilikile emi khona isikhathi eside. Kepha esikhathini esiningi alikho ilanga elanele. Ngakho-ke, cishe isonto ngaphambi kwenqubo, udinga ukwenza ukunisela kokushaja kwamanzi.

Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuhluma kwezinhlamvu ze-fennel okungenani 20 ° C. Ngeke bafe ngo-10 ° C, kepha izithombo kuleli cala kuzodingeka zilinde okungenani inyanga. Kubalulekile ukulandela iphethini yokutshala futhi unikeze izitshalo ukuthambisa okwanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-fennel yemifino kungenzeka iye "kumcibisholo".

Endaweni efanayo, i-fennel ingatshalwa iminyaka engu-3-4. Lapho-ke umhlabathi usuphelile, lokhu kuthinta kabi isivuno.

Ukutshala izithombo zefennel nokutshala imbewu emhlabathini

Ihlobo iningi leRussia lifushane impela futhi alilindelekile ngokuya ngesimo sezulu. Futhi inkathi yokukhula kwezinye izinhlobo ze-fennel (ikakhulukazi imifino) izinyanga ezine noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze isivuno sivuthwe, kungakuhle ukuthi sikhule ngezithombo.

Ukuhluma kwezinhlobo zembewu kugcinwa iminyaka emithathu. Kuhlwanyelwa ngendlela yokuthi izithombo zezinhlobo zezimpande zidluliselwe endaweni engapheli engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi, nemifino eminyakeni elishumi eyedlule kaJuni. Ngokutshala kwangaphambilini, ngenxa yokushoda kokushisa, izitshalo ziyakwazi ukwelula, "amakhanda" ngeke akha. Ngenxa yokugcwala okukhulu kawoyela obalulekile, imbewu ye-fennel iqhuma isikhathi eside. Kuzothatha izinsuku ezingama-20 ukulinda izithombo; lokhu kuyinto evamile kusiko. Ngokuvamile, ukutshala izithombo kuthatha cishe amasonto angama-9 kuya kwayi-10.

Imbewu kaFennel imila isikhathi eside ngokwanele, umlimi kuyodingeka abekezele

Izithombo zikhule ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Imbewu ifakwe amahora angama-4-6 emanzini okushisa egumbini, isixazululo sanoma iyiphi i-biostimulant noma i-potanganum permanganate (ipinki epinki), esongwe ngendwangu emanzi. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta, ungaphinde uzinikeze imizuzu engu-15 ukuya ku-20 isixazululo se-fungicide yemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo (i-Alirin-B, i-Ridomil-Gold, iBaikal-EM). Lapho-ke zomiswa zibe yisimo esisele.
2. Ukufakelwa kwe-Fennel akubekezeleli kahle, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi uhlwanyele ngokushesha imbewu engu-3-4 ezimbizeni zekhonkwane, ujule ngo-1.5-2 cm.Zigcwele inhlabathi yendawo yonke yezithombo noma ingxube ye-humus enamaqhugwane we-peat nesihlabathi (2: 2: 1) ) Indawo engaphansi kumele ihlanjululwe futhi iniselwe kakhulu. Ngemuva kokutshala, imbewu iyaniselwa futhi, ukumboza iziqukathi ngefilimu noma ingilazi. Kuze kube kuvela, zigcinwa endaweni emnyama ekushiseni kwe-20-23 ° C. I "greenhouse" ingena umoya nsuku zonke imizuzu engu-5 ukuya kwe-10 ukuze ukunqwabelana kungabutheli.
3. Lapho nje imbewu iqhuma, i-fennel idluliselwa kufasitela lewindows elibheke eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Izithombo zivikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Akadingi ukukhanyiselwa okwengeziwe. Ukunakekela izithombo kuqukethe ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, lapho nje ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi loma, ukhulula inhlabathi ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, zingondliwa ngesixazululo sanoma yikuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezithombo.
4. Izinsuku ezingama-7-7 ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zifafazwa ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-urea noma omunye umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen (lokhu kuthinta kahle ukungavikeleki kwezitshalo) bese ziqala ukuba lukhuni, zikukhiphe emoyeni ovulekile futhi kancane kancane zinwebe isikhathi esichithwa emgwaqweni.

Izithombo ze-Fennel zitshalwa emhlabathini kuphela lapho umgwaqo ufudumala ngokwanele

Video: indlela yokukhulisa izithombo ze-fennel

Cishe isonto ngaphambi kokutshalwa kwezithombo, inhlabathi esembhedeni idinga ukukhululwa futhi idambiswe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-superphosphate elula ifakwa kumthamo ofanayo nasekwindla. Iphosphorus idingeka kakhulu izinhlobo zemifino.

Izithombo ze-Fennel zikulungele ukutshala emhlabathini ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-45-50. Isikhala phakathi kwezitshalo cishe singamasentimitha angama-40, phakathi kwemigqa - 50-60 cm. Uma amabhodwe enobuthi, awudingi ukuwasusa ethangini. UFennel ungcwatshwe emhlabathini kuze kube ngamaqabunga e-cotyledon wokuqala. Lapho-ke ukutshala kufanele kuniselwe kakhulu. Kuze kube yilapho izithombo sezimpande futhi ziqala ukukhula, zivikeleke ngokucophelela elangeni.

Lapho ukutshala imbewu ngqo enhlabathini, ihlwayelwa ngangokunokwenzeka ezindaweni ezishiyanwe ngezikhala ezingama-50-60 cm phakathi kwazo. Phezulu zimbozwe nge-peat crumb noma nge-humus (isendlalelo esingamasentimitha ayi-1.5-2) futhi siyaniselwa. Kuze kukhule imbewu, umbhede uqiniswe ngesongelo sepulasitiki noma ngendwangu emboziwe emnyama. Isikhathi esihle senqubo yingxenye yokuqala kaMeyi.

Lapho ukuncipha kokutshala, izithombo ze "fennel" ezengeziwe azikhungulwa, kodwa zisikwe empandeni

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-7 kuvelile izithombo, ziba muncu ngaphandle, zishiya ama-20-25 cm phakathi kwezitshalo eziseduze uma kungu-fennel wemifino no-10-15 cm uma impande. Izithombo "ezingeziwe" azikhishwa, kepha zisikwe ngesikhafu.

Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho i-fennel ingatshalwa khona njengengapheliyo, ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa ekwindla, ekupheleni kukaJulayi noma ngo-Agasti. Ngo-Okthoba, ukutshala kuzodingeka "ukufakwa" ngokulala ngesendlalelo se-humus, i-peat, izinaliti, sawdust enobukhulu okungenani be-10 cm.

Ama-nuances abalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezitshalo

UFennel ufunwa kakhulu. Into esemqoka edingekayo ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwezitshalo ukuthambisa okufanele.

Sebenza engadini

UFennel akazithandi "izimbangi", ngakho inhlabathi engadini kufanele isuswe ukhula njalo. Isikhathi ngasinye, cishe isigamu sehora ngemuva kokunisela, kufanele kukhululwe ngokucophelela kuze kube ngu-3-5 cm.

Izinhlobo zemifino izikhathi ezingama-2-3 phakathi nenkathi yesikhathi, zakha ezansi kwesiqu sethanga lendunduma engu-cm cm ukuphakama. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhekeni "kwamakhanda" amafomu afanele ngombala omuhle omhlophe.

Uma i-fennel ikhule njengesitshalo sangemuva futhi kuphela ngenxa yohlaza oluhlaza, kunconywa ukusika izingunda zezimbali lapho zisakha, ukuze isihlahla singachithi amandla kuzo.

Ukunisela

I-Fennel isitshalo esinama-hygrophilous kakhulu. Uma kupholile ngaphandle, kuniselwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5, kusetshenziswa amalitha ayi-15 nge-1 m². Ekushiseni ngokweqile kanye nesomiso isikhathi eside, inhlabathi kuzodingeka ukuthi inyuswe nsuku zonke noma kabili ngosuku. Indlela ehamba phambili ukuchelela ngokunisela noma ukufafaza, okukuvumela ukuba umanzise ngokulinganayo i-substrate.

I-Fennel isiko elithanda umswakama, udinga ukulinisela kaningi njalo

Lapho ukhanya kalula inhlabathi, kuyodingeka kakhulu ukwenza inqubo. I-mulch izosiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini. Uzokonga isikhathi somgcini wegadi lokhula.

Isicelo somanyolo

UFennel ukhetha umanyolo we-organic. Isikhathi sokuqala izithombo zondliwa ezinsukwini eziyi-12-15 ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini, bese kuba njalo njalo emavikini amathathu. Lesi sitshalo siniselwa ngamanzi okufaka umquba wezinkomo, iminyoni yenyoni, imifino ye-nettle noma i-dandelion. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zithululelwa ngamanzi afudumele, agcizelelwa izinsuku ezingama-3-4 esitsheni ngaphansi kwesivalo esivaliwe. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ihlungiwe, ihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 8 (uma singcolile, bese siphinda kabili) bese sifaka isipuni se-superphosphate elula kumalitha ayi-10. Ungasebenzisa futhi ukumiliselwa komlotha wezinkuni kanye nomanyolo owuthengiwe osuselwa ku-vermicompost.

Ukumiliselwa kweNettle - umthombo wemvelo weNitrogen ne-phosphorus ye-fennel

Ukulungiselela ubusika

UFennel ngeke asinde ebusika ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia. Ngakho-ke, njengesitshalo sangemuva, sitshalwa kuphela esimeni sezulu esingaseningizimu (iBlack Sea, eCrimea, eCaucasus). Ukulungiselela i-fennel yamakhaza, maphakathi no-Okthoba, zonke iziqu ezitholakalayo zigawulwa zibekwe emhlabathini ngaphandle kokushiya "amahlumela", inhlabathi ezimpandeni ithukululwe ngobumnene. Njengomanyolo, umlotha owenziwe ngezinkuni ungasakazeka eduze kombhede. Kuqukethe izitshalo ezidingekayo ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka phosphorus ne-potassium.

Lapho-ke umbhede umbozwe nge-humus, imfucumfucu yangemuva, ukhuni, amacembe amahlamvu, izinaliti. Kuyadingeka ukwakha ungqimba ocishe ube ngu-10 cm. Akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa utshani. Kuhlala kuwo amagundane. Uma ubusika buthenjiswa ngokukhafula ikakhulukazi, ungaphonsa umbhede ngamagatsha ama-spruce noma uqinise nge-burlap, noma yikuphi okuphathelene nokumboza okuvumela umoya ukuthi udlule. Lapho nje kwehla iqhwa ngokwanele, baliphonsa phezulu, bakha isithwathwa seqhwa.

Ividiyo: Izeluleko Zokunakekelwa Kwe-Fennel

UFennel usekhaya

Izinhlobo ezithile ze-fennel zingatshalwa kahle ekhaya njengezilimo ezidotshwayo. "Ekuthunjweni" isitshalo akuvamile ukuba sidlule ku-0.5 m ukuphakama, kepha "amakhanda" akhiwa yize kunjalo, uma ungaphazamisi izimpande. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhetha isitsha sayo, i-volumetric, enobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-25-30. Umgodi omkhulu wokudonsa amanzi uyaphoqelelwa.

I-Fennel ingatshalwa ebhodweni ku-windowsill, ubukhulu besitshalo bayakuvumela

Ngokukhula kwe-fennel, inhlabathi yendawo yonke yezitshalo zasendlini nge-turf evundile (3: 1) ilungile impela. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta, ikhekhe elichobozekile elincane noma i-carbon eyenziwe isebenze yengezwa engxube esele.

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezimbizeni zezingcezu ezi-3-4. Kudingeka ungqimba lwamanzi obukhulu obuyi-2-3 cm ezansi tanko, bese enza ngendlela efanayo nalapho kukhula izithombo. Imifino inganqunywa lapho ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela ku-30-35 cm, ngokwesilinganiso, kusetshenziswa izinyanga ezingama-2,5 ku-“amakhanda” wokuvuthwa.

UFennel akakuthandi ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, njengoba kwenza ukushisa okukhulu, ngakho-ke imbiza enesitshalo ibekwa efasiteleni lewindi elibheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga. Ehlobo kungahanjiswa emoyeni omusha.

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuqukethe ngokunisela okujwayelekile nokufaka umquba. Izichumisi zisetshenziswa njalo emavikini ayi 2-2,5, kusetshenziswa noma yimiphi imikhiqizo esekwe biohumus esitolo. UFennel uyakaniselwa ngokushesha nje lapho umhlabathi ongaphezulu womile u-1.5-2 cm. Ekushiseni okwedlulele, ungakwazi ngaphezu kwalokho ukufafaza lesi sitshalo noma ukwandisa umswakama womoya nangezinye izindlela.

Izifo zezitshalo nezinambuzane

UFennel ngokwemvelo une-immune immune, ngakho akuvamile ukuba ahlaselwe yizifo. Futhi iphunga elimnandi eliyindabuko emikhondweni lisaba izinambuzane eziningi kulo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukutheleleka akugwemeki.

Ukuvimbela okuhle kunakho konke ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo. Ukunisela ngesikhathi kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyadingeka futhi ukulandela iphethini yokufika. Uma izitshalo engadini zitholakala eduze, izifo zisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kwezifo ze-fennel, eziyingozi kakhulu yilezi:

• Isifo sofuba. Amaqabunga ambozwe ngombala omncane ophuzi, njengokungathi amabala "aphukile". Kancane kancane baba mnyama, akhule, ahlangane, izicubu ezithintekile ziba nsundu bese ziyafa. Ukuvimbela, umbhede uthuliwe ngomlotha wezinkuni noma ngomshini ochobozekile, amanzi wokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile athathelwa indawo ngesixazululo esipinki se-potassium permanganate. Ukubhekana nalesi sifo, noma yimaphi ama-fungicides asetshenziswa. Emikhiqizweni emidala ehlolwe isikhathi eside, okusebenzayo kakhulu yisisombululo se-2% soketshezi lwe-Bordeaux noma i-sulfate yethusi. Kepha ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa zesimanje ezinethusi - i-Kuprozan, Kaptan, Skor.
• Ukugqwala kushiya. Kuvela amabhubhu ansundu obomvu noma amabala ohlangothini olungaphambili lweqabunga; uhlangothi olungalungile luqiniswe ngesendlalelo se-safrgy “shaggy” esiqhubekayo. Izindlela zokuvimbela ziyefana nakwisifo sofuba. Uma lesi sifo siqapheleka ekuqaleni, kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekane namakhambi abantu - ikhambi le-soda ash, i-colloidal sulfure, ukumnika kwe-anyanisi noma abacibishelli begalikhi, i-kefir eyayihlanjululwe ngamanzi noma ubisi lwe-whey ene-iodine engeziwe (eyehla ilitha). Ezimweni ezinzima, ama-fungicides asetshenziswa - Horus, Topaz, Oleokuprit, Rayek.
• Isiqu sokubola. Ezindibeni, kusukela kusisekelo, kuvela umucu omhlophe othi “fluffy”, okhumbuza ngoboya bekotini, bese amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aqhakaza le ntwala enodaka. Nge-prophylaxis, izitshalo kufanele zimbozwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngomlotha wokhuni noma ngesibabule se-colloidal. Lapho kutholwa lesi sifo, isigxobo sigezwa ngendwangu ethambile encibilikisiwe ku-vodka, izindawo ezithintekile zibulala amagciwane ngokugeza ngesixazululo esikhanyayo se-potassium permanganate noma i-2% sulfate yethusi. Ngemuva kwalokho zifafazwa ngeshokhole elichobozekile noma namalahle ocushiwe.
• Ukubola kwezimpande. Lesi sifo kunzima ukusithola ngesikhathi. Kubukeka sengathi lesi sitshalo siphelelwa ithoni futhi siyafenda ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kuphela uma sekuvele kudlulele kude, isisekelo sesigaxa esimnyama sibe mnyama, lapho sithinta, sisakaza iphunga elingelona iqiniso elimnandi. Mold ingavela emhlabathini. Kungcono ukugaya nokubhubhisa isitshalo ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela uqede umthombo wokutheleleka. Inhlabathi ekule ndawo ihlaselwa amagciwane ngokuchitheka ngesisombululo esingu-5% se-sulfate yethusi. Uma lesi sifo siqashelwa ngesikhathi, ukunisela kuncishiswa kancipha kuya kokudingekayo, esikhundleni samanzi kuphakama isixazululo esipinki se-potassium permanganate, amagremu eTrichodermin neGliocladin angeniswa enhlabathini.

Igalari yezithombe: izimpawu zezifo ze-fennel

Isiko lithintwa yilezi zinambuzane ezilandelayo:

• Ama-aphid. Izinambuzane ezincane zombala onsundu-onsundu noma ophuzi-luhlaza zinamathela kumaqabunga amancanyana, ama-inflorescence. Bondla ujusi wezitshalo, ngakho-ke izicubu ezithintekile ziphenduka ziphuzi, i-discolor futhi yomile. Ukuvimbela, i-fennel ifafazwa nge-tinctures ye-anyanisi noma imicibisholo yegalikhi, amaqabunga kagwayi omisiwe, upelepele obomvu oshisayo, kanye no-orange ikhasi. Le makhambi esintu azosiza ukubhekana nenkathazo uma ukubukeka kwayo kubonwa ngesikhathi. Imvamisa yezokwelapha kuphela edinga ukwandiswa ukusuka kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 kuye kwezikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku. Uma ungekho umphumela, kusetshenziswa ama-insecticides wesenzo esivamile - Mospilan, Tanrek, INTA-Vir, Spark-Bio.
• Ama-Thrips. Amabala aphuzi aphuzi avele ohlangothini olungaphambili, amasiliva acwebile ethinta ngaphakathi. Uma ubhekisisa kakhulu, ungabheka "izinti" ezincane ezimnyama - lezi yizinambuzane ngokwazo. Kwi-prophylaxis, izitshalo zifafazwa ngogwebu lwendlu noma insipho eluhlaza ye-potash, isixazululo sesibabule se-colloidal. Ukuze ulwe nenkathazo, kusetshenziswa Confidor-Maxi, Admiral, Fury, Actaru.
• I-Wireworm (izibungu zezinambuzane ezinomsoco) Ugobela ezimpandeni zezitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi uFennel uyafa, engatholi umsoco owanele. Ukuvimbela, noma isiphi isiderata sitshalwa ematholeni, ngaphandle kobhontshisi. Ikakhulu i-wireworm ayithandi i -hlamvu lwesinaphi. Izicupho nazo zingumphumela omuhle - iziqukathi ezembiwe emhlabathini ezigcwele izingcezu zamazambane aluhlaza, izaqathe, kanye nama-beet. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kuhlaselwe abantu abaningi, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo eBazudin, Provotox, Pochin.
• Amakhethini wesiphuphu sovemvane. Amakhukhamba adla ngokuluhlaza okotshani futhi ayakwazi ukudla izitshalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kusale kuphela isiqu. Ukuvikela kubantu abadala, basebenzisa i-Bitoxibacillin, iLepidocide, i-pheromone ekhethekile noma izicupho ezenziwe ekhaya. Ama-Butterflies afakwa inzalo kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezigcwele isiraphu kashukela, zixutshwe namanzi, uju, ujamu. Ukulwa namacimbi, i-Decis, i-Actellik, iFufanon kuyasetshenziswa.

Igalari yezithombe: izinambuzane eziyingozi zibukeka kanjani i-fennel

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Imifino yeFennel iyanqunywa lapho ukuphakama kwesitshalo kufinyelela ku-30-35 cm. Ngalesi sikhathi, iphunga laso laziwa kakhulu, futhi amaqabunga asamathenda impela. "Izinduna" zithathwa njengezivuthiwe lapho ubukhulu bazo bufinyelela ku-8-10 cm. Imvamisa kakhulu inqunywa lapho kuphela khona umhlabathi. Kepha uma ushiya “isiqu” esingu-2-3 cm ukuphakama, emavikini ambalwa ama-greens amasha azoqala ukukhula kule ndawo. Isikhathi esihle sale nqubo sisekuseni kakhulu (kuze kube yilapho amazolo esomile) noma kusihlwa selishonile ilanga.

Imifino emisha kanye "namakhanda" ngeviki kungagcinwa esiqandisini, egumbini elikhethekile lezemifino nezithelo, eligoqiwe kwifilimu yokunamathela. "Impilo yeshelufu" yamuva ingandiswa ibe ngamaviki angama-6-8 ngokuyifaka ebhokisini lesihlabathi, elibekwe engaphansi, egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, kwelinye igumbi elinokushisa okungu-2-4 ° C, umswakama ophansi kanye nomoya omncane. Okokuqala, udinga ukususa wonke amaqabunga “emakhanda” bese usika isiqu, ushiye kuphela i- “petiole” 8-10 cm, futhi usomile izinsuku ezingama-2-3 emoyeni ovulekile.

"Amakhanda" we-fennel ahlose ukugcinwa akufanele abe nomkhondo omncane kakhulu wokulimala okujwayelekile kwezifo nezinambuzane

Imbewu ye-Fennel iyavunwa lapho izambulela zama-inflorescences zishintsha umbala usuka kokuphuzi okuluhlaza kuya kokuswakeme. Bayanqunywa futhi balengiselwe ukomiswa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-30 ° C, bahlinzeka umoya omncane futhi babeke iphephandaba noma indwangu ngaphansi. Imbewu eyomile iyazihluza. Ngemuva kwalokho zidinga ukuhlanzwa imfucumfucu yesitshalo. Zigcine ezikhwameni zamaphepha noma ezikhwameni zelineni egumbini elipholile, elomile, elimnyama.

UFennel womile njengayo yonke eminye imifino.

Ngokufanayo, imifino ye-fennel eyomile. Ayilahlekelwa yiphunga layo eliyingqayizivele iminyaka engu-1.5-2 futhi igcina izinzuzo. Ingabuye iqandiswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amaqabunga ahlukaniswa ngeziqu, amageza, omisiwe, abekwa emathayipheni ephepheni noma amashidi okubhaka futhi okwemizuzu engu-2-3 athunyelwe efrijini, kufakwe kwimodi yokubandisa "yokushaqeka". Amacembe aqediwe abekwa izingxenye ezincane emasakeni akhethekile ane-airtight. Ukuwubamba futhi uwubambe futhi ngeke kusebenze - u-fennel uzoshintsha abe yisililo esibuthaka. Ingagcinwa efrijini izinyanga eziyisithupha.

I-fennel eyomile igcina ukunambitheka nephunga iminyaka engu-1.5-2

Ividiyo: ungayilungiselela kanjani fennel ebusika

UFennel usetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni nasekwelapheni kwendabuko. Awukwazi ukusibiza ngokuthi isitshalo esinakekela kalula, kodwa imizamo esetshenziswa ngumlimi iyakhokha ngesilimo esikhona. Engxenyeni enkulu yeRussia, itshalwa njengesitshalo sonyaka, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukukhathaza indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Abafuyi bazalele izinhlobo ezimbalwa, umlimi ngamunye angazikhethela ezona ezifanele kakhulu.