Ama-Gooseberry ahlabene okumnandi okulungele isimo sezulu e-Urals naseSiberia. Kuyinto emelana neqhwa, imnandi, isebenza ezindaweni eziningi zokupheka. Lo mbhalo uzokutshela ukuthi ungakhula kanjani isihlahla esinempilo esithela amajikijolo aphuzi, konke mayelana nokunakekela isitshalo, nokuthi usivuna nini.
Incazelo nezimpawu ze-gooseberry aphuzi Russian
Izinhlobonhlobo eziphuzi zohlobo oluphuma emndenini wakwaGooseberry azizincane kangako, zazalwa cishe isigamu seminyaka eyikhulu edlule. Kepha ukunambitheka ngalesi sikhathi akuzange konakalise.
Umlando womsuka
Ngo-1970, esikhungweni sokucwaninga i-All-Russian Institute of Michurinsky Gardening, umfuyi K. D. Sergeeva wahlakulela i-gooseberry ephuzi ephuzi. Weqa izinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo: i-Oregon, Curry, ngokungakhathaleli neHorton, ejwayelekile. Njengomphumela wokukhethwa, i-berry engamelana nemithi ebandayo, ye-Powdery yatholakala. Ngo-1974, izinhlobonhlobo zangeniswa kwirejista yombuso zasakazeka ezifundeni zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga nase-Ural.
Amajikijolo ophuzi ugqumugqumu waseRussia
Izici zebhasi
Uma sikhuluma ngezimpawu zesihlahla - ukwakheka, amaqabunga, amahlumela, izikhala, ama-buds, njll. Ke singachaza i-gooseberry ephuzi njengesihlahla esivamile. Iphuzi laseRussia linamaphiko amaphakathi aphakathi, awugqinsi, amade, acwebile, kanye namahlumela akhula eluhlaza okotshani, okuphezulu kwalo kupendwe ngopinki. Amahlumela ahlonishwe ngobukhulu obuphakathi nawo akhanya.
Isihlahla simbozwe ngemikhawulo eqondile yobukhulu obuphakathi (ubude / ubukhulu), izinaliti ezikhanyayo zitholakala kuma-engeli angakwesokudla kuya amahlumela. Isikhafu seqabunga sinomumo oyindilinga. Ama-buds amancane anomqhele omfushane womthunzi onsundu, ongathululwanga futhi ohluzeke kancane. Amaqabunga e-shrub aluhlaza okhanyayo acwebezelwe kancane, hhayi ancishisiwe, abe nendawo enesikhumba. Kakhulu iqonde, kepha kunezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga e-concave. Izimbali zivame ukuba nsomi, zincane.
Izici zikajikijolo
Amajikijolo amajikijolo aphuzi makhulu impela, enesisindo esingu-4.5-6 g okuyi-oval noma ovoid ngokufaka okubonakalayo kwe-waxy. Isikhumba sinobukhulu, obukhulu obuphakathi bunama-veins amaningi ahlutshiwe, akhanya kakhulu kunombala ophuzi we-pulp.
Amajikijolo anambitha omuncu, kepha amnandi impela. Okuqukethwe ushukela kungama-9.3%. Okuqukethwe kwembewu kuyisilinganiso. I-berry ilungele ukusetshenziswa okungavuthiwe, ngokwenza ujamu, ama-smoothie, ama-dessert, ukwengeza amaqabunga etiye, njll.
Izici zeBanga
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-gooseberries amnandi futhi enempilo amajikijolo, kusesisitshalo sikaju sokuqala. Lokhu ngumbala wokuqala odonsela izinyosi esihlakaleni.
Nakani! Ama-gooseberry aphuzi ayikhambi lemvelo elihle kakhulu le-diuretic ne-choleretic.
Isikhathi sokuvula nesivuno
Ukutshala imbewu kuqala ngoSepthemba futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube nguNovemba. Yize i-berry ingakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa, kungcono ukungayidonseli eqhweni lapho kutshalwa. NgoJuni kanye ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, ngokunakekelwa okufanele: ukunqwabelanisa njalo, ukuqeda ukhula, ukuba khona kwesipele nokwelashwa kusuka ezinambuzaneni, isihlahla sizonikela ngamakhilogremu ayi-5, ngoba amajikijolo anesisindo emagatsheni isikhathi eside futhi angaqhekeki. Kuzohlinzekwa isivuno esihle kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-10.
Izici zokunambitha
Amajikijolo amajusi wejusi ophuzi wejusi unambitheka omuncu, kepha isisusa esiyinhloko ushukela, umnandi. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kujwayelekile, kungcono kakhulu kwama-gourmets.
Ukumelana nesomiso nesithwathwa
Isitshalo asibekezeleli umswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke siyaphila futhi sibekezelele isimo sezulu esomile. Noma kunjalo, idinga ukuthambisa njalo. Ubusika abusibi noma, amahlathi abekezelela kalula amaqhwa ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela.
Ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane
Ngokulashwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukungavikeleki kwesitshalo kuzonyuswa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lesi sifo asikwazi ukuthinta i-gooseberry. Izifo nezinambuzane ezivame ukunqoba izinhlobonhlobo:
- i-powdery hlobo;
- ukudubula aphid;
- isicabucabu mite;
- sawfly;
- USeporia;
- anthracnose.
Isifo se-anthracnose esithinta amaqabunga amajamu
Uma ukwelashwa kwenziwa kusukela ezinambuzaneni nasezinambuzaneni, ukuqoqwa kungenziwa kuphela emva kwamasonto amathathu. Ukwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuba kukhethwe amajikijolo.
Ukusetshenziswa kukaBerry
Amabhizinisi awanqikazi ukuthenga amajikijolo ngamanani amakhulu okukhiqizwa. Lokhu kungumkhiqizo owenzelwe umhlaba wonke ofanele ukuthengiswa okusha, ukukhiqizwa, ukupheka, ukuwafaka emanzini.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo zaphuzi zaseRussia
Phakathi kwezimpawu ezinhle zezinhlobonhlobo kuyaphawulwa: ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nokushisa nesomiso, ukuzala, okungukuthi, i-pollinator ayidingeki. Futhi-ke, ukunambitha.
Kula maphutha, abalimi bahlukanisa ukusakazeka kwesihlahla okuningi ngesikhathi sokukhula, esemncane.
Ukutshala izithombo ezincane esizeni
Izinga lesitshalo, ukungavikeleki kwesitshalo ngqo kuncike ekukhetheni kwezithombo, kulungiswa inhlabathi nendawo yokutshala, kanye nokunisela isitshalo esincane.
Ukukhetha kanye nokulungiselela izithombo
Lapho ukhetha i-seedling, udinga ukunaka izinto ezimbili: uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nobukhulu bez amahlumela. Uhlelo lwezimpande akufanele lome. Ngokufanelekile, ihlumela elinempilo linezimpande ezine zamathambo ezingamasentimitha ayi-13 ngalinye.Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yalo ilula - yenza isigaba sesiphambano. Uma umbala osikiwe u-beige noma ukhilimu, lesi yisithombo sinempilo, uma sinsundu, sithinteka yilesi sifo.
Nakani! Ama-5mm amahlumela azoba inketho ekahle lapho ukhetha isithombo. Umbala oluhlaza, ukuqina nokuguquguquka kwamahlumela amaningana nakho kuyinkomba yempilo yezitshalo.
Isikhathi nephethini yokufika
I-gooseberry ripling kufanele itshalwe ekwindla kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi. Impela ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sokuqala. Amabheshu atshalwe izimbobo ngemuva kwamamitha ayi-2 ukusuka komunye nomunye kuya ekujuleni kuka-10-15 cm ukufihla intamo yempande.
Ukukhetha indawo yokubeka
Indawo efanelekayo ngokukhanya okuhle, ngaphandle kokuswakama ngokweqile enhlabathini. Inhlabathi emnyama nenhlabathi elula ye-loamy ingumhlaba ovundile wokukhula kwama-gooseberry aphuzi. Udinga futhi ukuvikela izithombo emoyeni obandayo nakuhlaka.
Ukulungiswa kwesiza
Okokuqala, ukubhujiswa kokhula, ukuhlanza indawo yokutshala, bese ukufaka umanyolo lapho kugaywa inhlabathi. Kuzothatha ama-15 kg we-humus nge-1 m². Faka isihlabathi noma ubumba uma kunesidingo.
Inqubo yokufakelwa
Imiyalo emfushane yokuthi ungatshala kanjani ama-gooseberries aphuzi eRussia:
- Izimpande zesithombo zibekwa emanzini usuku olungaphambi kokutshala.
- Bumba izimbobo ngo-60 × 60 × 70 cm ngosayizi, ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele okungenani libe ngu-2 m.
- Galela inhlabathi emigodini nge-humus yamahhashi ngomlotha wezinkuni kanye ne-superphosphate.
- Setha isithombo emgodini engela lika-45 ° bese ufafaza ngomhlaba.
- Intamo yezimpande kufanele ijule ngo-10-15 cm. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisa nokwakheka kwezimpande.
- Thela isithombo ngamanzi. Amabhakede amabili umgodi ngamunye.
- Dala umgodi oyindilinga nobubanzi besigamu semitha. Ngemuva kokutshala, gcwalisa i-peat nge-sawdust ngosuku.
Ukutshala gooseberries ophuzi waseRussia
Ayisiyinkimbinkimbi inqubo yokutshala izithombo njengoba ingahle ibonakale ekuqaleni. Into esemqoka ukuthi udinga ukwenza izinqubo ezithile kusengaphambili: khetha indawo efanelekile, lungiselela izimbobo, humus.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwesizini
Lesi sihlahla sishintshelwa esimweni sezulu esomile, simelana nesithwathwa futhi siyabekezelela impela ihlobo elinemvula impela. Kepha ugqumugqumu ophuzi unezimpawu zawo: umqhele omnyama, ubuhlanti obukhali nobudlangile, kanye namagatsha angakhula kabanzi.
Ukunisela nokondla
I-shrub ayikuthandi umswakama, kepha ehlobo udinga ukunisela kabili ngesonto, amabhakede amabili ngaphansi kwesihlahla ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukuchelela ejwayelekile kuzosebenza ngenkathi yezithelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinso zenzelwe unyaka olandelayo.
Ukulima nokutshala
Ukutshala izilimo eziningi futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuyisiqinisekiso sempilo nokukhula okuphumelelayo kwesithombo. Ngemuva kokuchelela, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukufaka umquba, ukubulala ukhula. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sizothola inani eliphakeme lomsoco.
Ukusetshenziswa kweziqu
Izisekeli ze-gooseberries zenziwe ngamabhuloki wokhuni noma ucingo lwensimbi. Kokubili okukodwa nokukodwa kukhona okulungele ukuthi amagatsha akhule kancane. Lokhu kwenza lula ukuvuna kanye nokufinyelela ohlelweni lwezimpande kanye nesiqu ngesikhathi sokulungiswa.
Izinkuni zisekela i-gooseberry bush ephuzi
Kubalulekile! Ukuxhaswa kuyadingeka ukuze amagatsha namajikijolo angaboli emhlabathini.
Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela
Ama-fungicides, insecticides, insectofungicides, urea noma amanzi abilayo - noma yiliphi ikhambi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lizosiza isithombo ukuthi simelane nezifo kanye namagciwane. Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa zombili zamakhemikhali nezegciwane kuzonikeza isitshalo amandla okuzivikela omzimba.
Izihlahla
Ukuqeda okudala kuphakamisa inani lesilimo. Kuyadingeka ukusika amahlumela amadala omisiwe ezinso, izinso ezigulayo, ezinamagatsha agobile emhlabathini. Isikhathi esihle sokunakekela lesi sitshalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho isikhathi sokukhula singakaqali.
Ukuthena amagatsha amadala ka jamu okuphuzi
Ukulwa nokuxhuzula ngokweqile kwama-gooseberries - ukuhlinzeka ukufinyelela elangeni kanye nezakhi ezengeziwe emagatsheni asemasha.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kunciphisa izindleko zokuvikela ebusika. Ngokubusika, udinga nje ukususa ama-props ukuze amagatsha asondele emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile! Ukusuka ngaphansi kwesihlahla kudingeka ususe amaqabunga awile namajikijolo aye athobisa izinambuzane nabathwali balesi sifo.
Ukuzala
Ukutshala izithombo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni inqubo ethatha isikhathi. Ama-gooseberry athela izithelo angatshalwa kusetshenziswa isihlahla.
Abalimi abanolwazi bacebise ngamabomu ukusakaza isihlahla ngokuhlukanisa. Ukuze benze lokhu, bmba isitshalo emhlabathini ngoNovemba, basibona ezingxenyeni ezi-2-3, abazitshala emigodini yangaphambi kokumba banisisele. Entwasahlobo, udinga ukususa i-Delenki encane ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande.
I-Gooseberry aphuzi Russian ingasakazwa ukusikwa kanye layering. Esimweni sokuqala, amagatsha aluhlaza asikwa emqheleni, agxilwe emanzini, abese atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Eyesibili, amagatsha angaphansi esihlahla aguqa phansi, alale ngomhlabathi. Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, zizokhula zize zifike emhlabathini, kuthi izigaxa zingasuswa esihlahleni sikamama bese zidluliselwa kwenye indawo.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Ijusijashi ophuzi waseRussia unomzimba ongazinzile ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Kunoma ikuphi, ngokungangabazeki, inketho engcono kakhulu yizinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukufafaza ngezidakamizwa, kutholakala nezixazululo zokuqeda amagciwane, izihlahla ziyahlanganiswa futhi inhlabathi ivundiswe.
Isicabucabu semboza segqabha esimboziwe
I-joseberry eluhlaza yaseRussia isitshalo esihle ngokubukeka kwengadi yasekhaya, okuletha cishe ama-15 kg amajikijolo unyaka ngamunye. Izinqubo zomanyolo ngesikhathi, ukuvimbela izifo, ukuthena nokunakekela kuzokwandisa impilo yesihlahla iminyaka eminingana.
