Isigaba Viticulture

Emkhakheni wezwe lakithi, i-viticulture yeminyaka eyizinkulungwane iye yaba yinto esemqoka yabantu abaningi. Kwabanye, kuyindlela nje yokwenza imali, kwabanye kuyisitshalo somphefumulo, kanti kwabanye, kuyisimo sokuzilibazisa kanye nenjongo yokuphila. Luhlobo lwesithathu lwabantu abavame ukuthunjwa ngenqubo yokwanda kwamagilebhisi okukhula abaqala ukudala ama-hybrids abo.

Abakhiqizi banamuhla bahlala behluleka ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezinamandla eziphikisanayo neziqinile. Nokho, emncintiswaneni onjalo, izimfanelo zokunambitheka kwezinhlobo ezintsha zivame ukuhlupheka; Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abalimi abaningi abanolwazi bazohlala bethembekile ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala, ezakhiwe ngekhulu elidlule.

I-viticulture isiye yaphela isikhathi sokuba ingadi noma isitshalo sikhula. Kwabaningi, inqubo yokuvuna amagilebhisi yinto yokuzilibazisa yangempela kanye nenjongo yokuphila, okungukuthi, ikakhulukazi, ayiletha injabulo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuphepha kwezinto. Phakathi kwabakwa-winegrowers, osuke e-amateur elula eya ochwepheshe beqiniso emkhakheni wabo, omunye odume kakhulu yi-V.

Njalo ngonyaka, ngokusebenzisa imizamo yabalimi, izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi ziyavela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi siko sesaziwa isintu iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, sihlala sithembela njengasekuqaleni. Phela, intshiseko yabathandi bangempela bamagilebhisi ayikwazi ukuthokozisa, futhi bayichitha sonke isikhathi sabo samahhala ukudala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zomvini.

Ezinsukwini zakudala, abaningi babesebenza nge-viticulture ukuze bakhiqize iwayini elivuthiwe elivuthiwe. Ikakhulukazi kulokhu, izinhlobo zezobuchwepheshe zatshalwe kulezi zizabelo, ezinikeza amajusi amaningi adingekayo esikhathini esizayo utshwala. Namuhla, abaningi balwela ukuthola izinhlobo zemagilebhisi ngokunambitheka okuhle nesethulo, ukujabulela amajikijolo amnandi kakhulu futhi bahlobisa itafula lokudlela ngamaqoqo amahle.

Ngamunye wethu uhlobanisa ihlobo ngezinto ezahlukene nezinto. Kwabanye, leli yilo olwandle, ngoba omunye umuntu ushisa njenge-asphalt yasemadolobheni, kodwa kumuntu lokhu kungumntwana egodini likagogo kanye namajikijolo amaningi amnandi avela ehlathini nasensimu yemifino. Kodwa, kulezi zindlela ezintathu, sonke sibheke phambili ekupheleni kwesikhathi esishisayo sonyaka kuphela ukuze amagilebhisi ahlanganiswe elangeni avele emakethe noma emvinini engadini yawo.

Amagilebhisi amahle kakhulu yiwo awakhanyiswa yilokugcina. Phela, abalimi banamuhla bazama ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukususa amaphutha amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi bathuthukise izinhlobo zabo ezintsha zibe ngcono. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulabo abavini bewayini ababa ngabalandeli abakhulu bezithelo zalesi siko futhi bazikhethela ngokwabo.

Nakuba amagilebhisi awusiyo isiRashiya noma isitshalo sase-Ukraine, sekuye kwaba yinto evamile kakhulu emasikweni ethu futhi kuye kwaba umhlobiso wendabuko wenzalo yonke yasendlini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathandi abaningi bala majikijolo akhazimulayo abakhulumi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi bahlanganyela ekutshaleni izinhlobo ezintsha nezinhlobo ze-hybrid. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo zokuzalisa amateur zithatha ingxenye ephawulekayo yohlu lobhaliso lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukuthanda nanoma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi akudingi isikhathi esiningi. Ngezinye izikhathi kwanele nje ukubuka ibhande elihle, uzizwe iphunga elidakayo-elimnandi lamajikijolo alo kanti isisu ngokwaso siyosabela masinyane kuzo zonke lezi zinkinga ngokuzizwa kwesilamba. Njalo umvini ophethe igama eliqhoshayo "uVictor".

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezikhiqizwa ukukhethwa kwamakhono ososayensi sekuyisikhathi eside ziba yindawo evamile. Izinhlobo ezinjalo ngokuvamile azigcini izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezithelo, zithela kahle futhi zihlale njalo, kodwa futhi ziphikisana kahle. Ngempela, kungenxa yalokhu ababelethi abasebenza kuzo. Kulesi sihloko, sifuna ukukujwayela, abafundi bethu, ngesinye salezi zithelo zomvini, esaziwa kabanzi kokubili ku-viticulture yama-amateur nezimboni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvinini, uhlobo lwe-varietal noma ifomu le-hybrid, lokhu akuyona indlela yobufakazi bekhwalithi yezithelo zawo kanye nokufaneleka kwehlathi ngokwayo. Ngokuvamile, yizifomu ze-hybrid eziphumelela kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokulimala amateur. Futhi kubalandeli ukuthi izici zezobuchwepheshe zezithelo zalesi siko, kodwa kunalokho i-table yayo injongo nenhlalakahle, idlala indima enkulu.

Abalandeli abakhulu bezithelo zomvini ngeke bayeke ukuze bathole konke mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha futhi, uma uthanda, zitshale esiqhingini sakho. Ngokujwayelekile, izinhlobo ezintsha zinenani elikhulu lezimfanelo ezithuthukisiwe, ezidlulele kakhulu kuzo zonke ezedlule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, namuhla, izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zamagilebhisi ezikhiqizwa ngabalimi be-amateur, owazi kahle kakhulu ngalesi siko, baye baba nodumo kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, lapho uthenga amagilebhisi emakethe noma esitolo, asikho ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi singakwazi ukukhula ngokufanayo esifundeni sethu siqu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inzuzo enkulu ye-amateur, kunezimboni, i-viticulture yikhula lokukhula kakhulu, kanye namaqoqo abo, ngoba isihlahla ngokuvamile sinendawo yokukhula nokunakekelwa kangcono.

Naphezu kokuthandwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi kanye namafomu abo, ama-amaningi ahlala ethembekile emathandweni awo endala futhi ayelokhu ekhula amagilebhisi avunyiwe eminyakeni. Abalimi-bewayini abanjalo abesabi ukwesaba ukunakekelwa kanye nezifo ezenzekayo ehlathini, ngoba ithuba lokuthola amajikijolo anamnandi kakhulu kulesi siko kuyisisusa esikhulu kubo.

Ku-winemakers yama-amateur, enye yezinhlobo zomvini ethandwa kakhulu u-Isabella. Kuphuma kutholakala ngokumnandi ngephesenti, i-tart kancane futhi isiphuzo esimnandi ngokuvamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sitshalo ngokwawo asihloniphi ukulima futhi sigcina amaqhwa ethu ngokugcwele. Kodwa sizoxoxa ngendlela yokwenza iwayini ngamagilebhisi "u-Isabella" ekhaya.

Ngaphandle kokusebenza okujwayelekile okuhloswe ukuthola ukuvunwa okucebile, ngezinye izikhathi kunesidingo sokusebenzisa izindlela zokusiza ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwemifino nezithelo. Lezi zihlanganisa gibberellin. Ulwazi olujwayelekile iGberellin yi-hormone yokukhula etholakala ku-fungus ye-parasite ye-Fusarium yohlobo.