"Ukubonga" yi-autumn entsha ephakanyiswayo ephakamileyo. Kulesi sihloko, siyakumema ukuba wazi kabanzi ngencazelo yalolu hlobo lwepeyari, ukuxoxisana nezinzuzo zalo nokuqapha, futhi ufunde neminye imithetho ebalulekile yokunakekela isihlahla. Umlando wokuqalisa "i-Treasure" - into emisha yokukhetha okuseningizimu. Izinhlobonhlobo zatholakala eMoldavian Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture kanye Winemaking.
Isigaba Iphakathi
Amapheya angenye yezithelo ezijwayele kakhulu nezintandokazi ekudleni kwethu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ziwusizo kakhulu futhi ziyatholakala, ngokungafani nezithelo eziningi zasaphandle. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sihlahla sesithelo ziyamane futhi ziholela ekudidekeni ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi okufanele ukhethe futhi atshale ensimini yakhe.
Njengomthetho, izinhlobo ezibandayo ezinamapareya, ezihlwanyelwe ezindaweni ezingesimo sezulu esinzima, zinezithelo ezincane. Ezindaweni zabo ezihlukahlukene zamapheya "Perun", ezikhulile ngempumelelo eSiberia, zihluke kakhulu. Sizokwazi futhi incazelo kanye nezici zalolu hlobo. Ukukhethwa kwamapheya "Peun" yi-Institute of Research of Horticulture yaseSiberia.
Muva nje, izitshalo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo zivele zivele. I-Pear - enye yezitshalo ezisemqoka "eziyingqayizivele", enikeza isivuno sonyaka, esiphunga elimnandi, elimnandi futhi elihlwabusayo. Izici eziyinhloko zepare elihle yi-shelf life, isivuno esikhulu kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezihlala isikhathi eside izinambuzane zempova zihlala zihlonishwa kakhulu ngabathengi banamuhla.
Uma ufuna izihlahla zezithelo ensimini yakho, siphakamisa ukuthi ucabange ukuthi ukhetha ukutshala i-autumn pear "Academic". Incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo nezimo zokulima kwayo ingatholakala kulesi sihloko. Ngokushesha, sibona ukuthi enye yezindinganiso ezisemqoka zalesi sihlahla se-pear is hardiness yayo yasebusika futhi kungenzeka ukukhula ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nakweminye imikhakha "yokulima engozini".
Izihlahla eziphakathi kwamaparezi zivakashi eziningi njalo engadini. Ukunakekela lezi zihlahla zezithelo kuyinto elula, futhi ungadla izithelo zamanzi kuze kufike ubusika. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-3 emhlabeni, kodwa sizozinikela leli phepha kuma-pearl allegro - uma ubenambitha, nakanjani ngeke uhlale ungenandaba. Umlando Wokubeletha Ngo-2002, ku-Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants okuthiwa emva
Emashumini eminyaka eminyaka, abalimi bathole inqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya, kodwa-ke, imvelo ayimi, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi sibona ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo okwenza izinhlobo ezintsha. Namuhla sizoxoxa nge-Williams Red pear, sichaze izinhlobonhlobo, futhi sikhulume ngamandla ayo kanye nobuthakathaka.
Muva nje, umsebenzi wabalimi uthuthukile kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho izinhlobo ezintsha ze-pear zivela. Ngokwenza ngcono nokuthuthukisa izilinganiso ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe nezinye izinhlobo, izitshalo zithola izici ezintsha. Enye yezinhlobo eziphumelele kakhulu ezakhiwe kamuva, kwakuyi-pear "Zaveya".
Esinye sezihlahla ezithandwa kakhulu emasimini yizikhonkwane. Lezi zihlahla akuzona kuphela amahle kakhulu, kodwa futhi zivame ukusijabulisa ngokuvuna okunomsoco wezithelo ezihlwabusayo, ezempilo nezomkhuba. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, kunzima balimi ukuba banqume ukuthi yikuphi okukhethayo, ngakho kungenakuzithoba ekunakekeleni, kuletha isivuno esihle, futhi kunezithelo zomhlaba wonke.
Iphayari ibeka okwesibili ekuthandeni phakathi kwezithelo, okwesibili kuphela ngama-apula. Futhi leli peyari elithi "Noyabrskaya" liyisimo esingavamile lapho ngisho nezimo ezinzima zendawo esenyakatho izithelo ezinomsoco ezinomsoco zingakhula kusayithi. Kulesi sihloko sizokwenza incazelo yalezi ezihlukahlukene, sizobe sitshele mayelana nezinzuzo zayo nezici ezikhulayo.
Ngegama elithi "duchess", abantu abaningi bakhumbula izinkumbulo ze-lemonade edumile noma i-sweet candy kusukela ebuntwaneni babo. Kubalimi, leli gama elimangalisayo lisho i-dessert eliphakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukeneyo ezinomusa omuhle kakhulu. Izihlobo zasehlobo zalesithelo, ezibizwa ngokuthi "Williams Summer", abalimi be-amateur bangakwazi ukukhula kalula engadini yabo, futhi emva kwalokho - ukuvuna isivuno esihle uma bekwazi futhi belandela imithetho ethile kanye nezimfihlo.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziphakathi kweFrance "Ukwelashwa" ziyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "uWilliam ebusika". Nakuba lesi sitshalo manje siphila kude nezwe lakubo, siyashintsha ngokuphelele. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhiqiza izihlahla ezinkulu ezihlala isikhathi eside ngomqhele omningi kanye nokuvuna okucebile. Umlando wokukhetha Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya "I-Cure" ayidalwanga ngenhloso ngosizo lokukhethwa.
Iphakathi kwe "Uralochka" yizinhlobonhlobo ezilindelekile ezibekezelela ngokuphelele amaqhwa anamandla futhi zihlukaniswa isivuno esihle nokukhula okusheshayo. Kulesi sihloko sizothinta incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, siqonde izici zokunakekelwa, izinzuzo eziyinhloko nezimo ezingalungile. Umlando wokuzalanisa kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa. Uhlobo lwe-Uralochka lufakwe esifundazweni saseChelyabinsk ngokuwela i-Ussurian Pears neSeveryanka.
Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo eziningi zamapheya okuvuthwa kwasebusika abanezimfanelo ezahlukene zokunambitheka ziye zakhiwa. Omunye wabo yizinhlobonhlobo "Kyrgyz Winter", ezingakhula ezimweni ezibandayo. Noma kunjalo, ukuthola isivuno esicebile, kumele ulandele imithetho eminingi yokutshala nokunakekelwa komuthi ngezikhathi ezithile. Umlando wokuzalanisa I-Kyrgyz Winter Winter Pear ezihlukahlukene zenzelwe izindawo lapho isimo sezulu sokutshala izihlahla zezithelo kunzima.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya, Ubuhle baseRussia buyabonakala kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza kwayo, ukuzithoba nokuphikisana nezifo kukhanga kakhulu kubalimi nabakhileyo ehlobo. Amapheya anempepho, amnandi namnandi azothola uhlelo lokusebenza kuzo zonke izingxenye zomkhakha wokudla. Umlando wokuzalanisa Izinhlobonhlobo "Ubuhle BaseRussia" zaqalwa kwi-All-Russian Research Institute ye-Genetics kanye nokuzalisa izithelo zezitshalo (VNIIGiSPR) okuthiwa emva kukaMichurin I.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ngokuvamile kunzima ukuthola izinhlobo zemithi yezithelo. Izikhungo zokucwaninga zisebenza njalo ekususweni kwezinhlobo zama-frost. Enye yezithelo zemisebenzi enjalo yizo ezihlukahlukene ze-pevery ze-pevery ze-peeked pears, cabanga ngencazelo yayo, izinzuzo nezingozi. Umlando wokubeletha kanye nesifunda sokuzala Ukunakekelwa kweSoviet kunakekelwa kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezihlahla zezithelo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Ama-pear jam tincetu ku-isiraphu avela esihlwabusayo kakhulu. Uma ulungiswa kahle, iziqephu zitholakale zigcwele futhi zifana nezithelo ezifakiwe, futhi i-lemon inikeza ubuhlungu obumnandi futhi kusiza ukulondoloza umbala omuhle we-amber. Ngezinzuzo ze-pear jam I-Pear inezinto eziningi eziwusizo emva kokupheka.
Iphakathi kwe - omunye wezihlahla zezithelo ezivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Ngokuvamile abalimi babhekene ne-blackening ngokuzumayo, bephikisa amahlamvu awo, okuholela ekufeni kwesihlahla. Ngenxa yalokho izifo nezinye izici ezinjalo kubonakala, sizoqonda lesi sihloko. Ukushisa amabhaktheriya Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ezivame ukwedlula zonke ukushisa amabhaktheriya.