Ezinkulweni zezinkukhu zanamuhla ngaphandle kwama-incubators angeke akwazi ukwenza. Akugcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi nezesikhathi, kodwa futhi ukwandisa iphesenti lokuqothula kwamaqanda kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu ezinempilo. Enye yezimpawu zokuthengisa eziyaziwa yi-IUP-F-45, futhi sizoyihlola namuhla. Incazelo IUP-F-45 (i-universal preliminary incubator) yenzelwe ukufaka amaqanda kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinyoni eziboshwe kwezolimo kuwo wonke amazwe asezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo.
Isigaba Incubator
Elinye lama-incubators ajwayelekile futhi asebenzayo (phakathi kwamamodeli amakhulu) yi-Universal-55. Ukusebenza kwalo kukuvumela ukuba ukhule amantombazane amaningi athile futhi anempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kwale unit ngesikhathi sokusebenza akudingi izinsiza ezinkulu zabantu, okugcina imali ngokukhululekile.
Cishe wonke umuntu ohilelekile ezinkukhu, ebhekene nombuzo wokuzala kwawo. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma sikhuluma ngamakhulu amaqanda, kuyoba nzima izinkukhu ukubhekana nokulingana okunjalo. Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi futhi ubizwa ngokuthi ama-incubators aphezulu kakhulu. Enye ethandwa kakhulu yiNest-200, okuvumela ukuba uzalise izinhlobo ezincane zezinhlobo eziningana zezinyoni.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, abanikazi bezinkukhu bacabanga ngokuzenzakalela inqubo ye-egg incubation. Le ndlela inezinzuzo eziningana: isibonelo, izinhlamvu eziningi zanamuhla zezinkukhu zithathwa isisindo somzali futhi azikwazi ukuhlala ngokuphelele kumaqanda ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuthengwa kwe-incubator ngabaningi kuyaphendulwa yizicabango ezinjalo: intengo ephakeme yedivayisi, ubunzima bokusebenza nabanye.
Zonke izilimo ezinkukhu ezinkukhuni zizobhekana nesidingo sokuthenga i-incubator. Elinye lamadivayisi aqinisekisiwe okuthiwa u-Egger 264. Kulesi sihloko sibheka izici zale divayisi, izinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Humushela incazelo emuva ku-isiNgisi Humusha Incazelo Farmer Technology's Russian incubator eyenzelwe ukukhiqiza izinkukhu.
Ukuze kutholakale ngokuphumelelayo izinkukhu ngezinga elikhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokufakelwa komsebenzi kubalulekile. La madivaysi akuvumela ukuba ukwandise ukusebenza kahle nokuzuza kokuqukethwe kwezinyoni, kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa kwezinzalo, gcina isikhathi esiningi. Enye yezobuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza zasekhaya yi-Stimul-4000 universal incubator, engeyona ephansi kunezihlobo ezingenisiwe.
Emapulazini ahlanganyela ekutshalweni kwenkukhu, i-incubator yamaqanda kuyisidingo esiyimfuneko kakhulu futhi ewusizo ehlisa izindleko futhi ikuvumela ukuba ukwandise umsebenzi wezomnotho. Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ze-incubator ezihlinzekwa abalimi emakethe yamanje yiyona "IFH 500". Incazelo Idivaysi ihloselwe ukuzaliswa kwezinkukhu ezincane: izinkukhu, goose, izigwaca, amadada, njll.
Akukhathaleki ukuthi uqhuba yini ukulima, ukulima noma izinkukhu uma kuziwa ekuveleni okuphumelelayo nokusebenza kahle kwezinkukhu ezintsha. Yiqiniso, indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu kuyimvelo, okungukuthi, ngosizo lwezinkukhu. Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngesilinganiso esikhulu, khona-ke akukho lutho olungcono kunokuthola i-incubator ekhethekile engakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu isiphetho se-hen kuphela, kodwa futhi eyakho, ngoba i-incubator izokukwenza konke.
Ekulweni kwezinkukhu zanamuhla, ukufakelwa kwamaqanda kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenqubo yokwandisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinkukhu noma ukuqondiswa kwenyama. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngesibonelo se-Universal-45 incubator. Incazelo I-model "Universal" yasungulwa futhi yafakwa ekukhiqizeni eSoviet Union, esitshalweni sePyatigorsk.
Ukukhulelwa kwezinkukhu kuphathwa yizimboni ezinkulu nezincane ezizimele. Lo msebenzi udinga ukugcwaliswa kwansuku zonke kwabantu abanoboya, ngenxa yalokhu idivaysi yokufaka amaqanda ezinyoni amafutha angcono kakhulu. Elinye lala madivayisi yi-incubator TGB-280. Ake sihlolisise izici zale divayisi, thola ukuthi zingaki izinkukhu idivaysi "ihlanganisa" ngesikhathi sokufakelwa okukodwa.
Uma ufuna ukukhipha izinkukhu, futhi ezinkukhu akuchazwe kahle noma akukho ukufakwa kwenkathi yokufakelwa, ngakho awukwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kwe-incubator. Le divayisi ekhethekile izosiza ukudala izimo ezifanele zamaqanda azaliswe ngaphansi lapho inkukhu izovuthwa futhi ihlwithe. Enye yalezi zimboni "Ryabushka-70" - sizoxoxa ngakho.
Umgomo oyinhloko wezilwane zezinkukhu yizinga eliphakeme lokuzalisa amatshwele anempilo futhi anamandla ngenxa yokufaka amaqanda, okungeke akwazi ukufezwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-incubator yekhwalithi. Kunamamodeli amaningi we-incubators, ahluke ekusebenzeni, amandla kanye nezinye izici ezikhethekile, okuvumela ukuhlukanisa nakwamanye amadivaysi afanayo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuqhutshwa kwamaqanda ekhaya kuzophumelela kuncike ikakhulukazi ekucubungulweni lobuchwepheshe. Kulokhu kudingeka ube nemishini emihle. I-Incubator "iNeptune" isungulwe ngokwakho njengedivayisi ethembekile yokuzalisa izinyoni ezifuywayo nezinyoni zasendle. Ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende okuhle kuye kwamnika idumela elihle.
Ukufakelwa kwamaqanda ekhaya kuyibhizinisi elinenzuzo, kodwa ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile kungaba nzima kakhulu. I-incubator encane yokuzitholela ehamba phambili izoba umsizi omkhulu kumlimi wezinkukhu, ikakhulukazi kusukela namhlanje imishini enjalo iyatholakala cishe wonke umuntu. I-incubator ye-AI-48 ngummeleli wayo ojwayelekile.
Ukuze uthole amaphesenti aphezulu okungazitholi kwamaqanda ku-incubator, kubalulekile ukunikeza izimo ezinhle ngaphakathi kwedivayisi, njengomswakama nokushisa kwemoya. Kodwa zikhona ezinye, izici ezilinganayo eziphazamisa inqubo yokutshala kabusha, phakathi kwazo indawo ekhethekile ethathwa yi-ventilation.
Ukuthengwa kwe-incubator yasekhaya kufaka indawo yabanikazi bezinkukhu zokubeka futhi kukuvumela ukuba uthole inzalo engaphezulu kuka-90%. Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa, uma umlimi enenjongo yokuzalisa izinkukhu, khona-ke i-incubator izoba utshalomali omuhle, ozokhokha izikhathi ezingu-2-3 zokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ububanzi bamadivayisi wokuzalisa izinkukhu namuhla bukhulu.
"Isikhumba" singumkhiqizi wanamuhla okhiqiza imikhiqizo emisha yokulima nokuqeqeshwa kwezinkukhu. Omunye wemikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu yi-Nest-100 incubator (inkomba ibonisa inani "lezinkukhu" endaweni engaphakathi). Le divayisi ilungele amapulazi ezinkukhu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya.
Izinkukhu zasemakhaya iyigatsha elidumile kakhulu lezolimo, izinkukhu zitshalwe inyama kanye namaqanda. Yingakho amapulazi amancane angasese anesithakazelo ekuthengeni ama-incubators angathembeki, angabizi futhi alula. Kuze kube manje, amadivaysi amaningi okukhukhumeza izinkukhu athengiswa, kodwa sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe zonke izinzuzo nezinkinga ze-"Janoel 24" incubator.
Ukuzaliswa kwezilwane ezincane kule-incubator kusetshenziswa kabanzi emakhaya nasemapulazini. Ukuze ulawule umsebenzi wakhe kanye nezinkomba zokuzalwa kwabantu abasebenza kahle ngumsebenzi womuntu ophethe kahle. Isingeniso Ukuphila kwezinsizwa kanye nempilo yabo (ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-incubator) ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekutheni izimpawu zokushisa nezomswakama ziqiniswa kanjani futhi zigcinwe kanjani, imigomo yokuphuza umoya nokuguquka kwenzalo okulindelekile iyabonakala.
I-incubator yokuqala, i-IPS-10 Cockerel, yenziwe phakathi nama-80s, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lo modeli awuzange ulahlekelwe ukuthandwa kwawo phakathi kwabalimi bezinkukhu. Phakathi neminyaka, le divayisi iye yenziwa yamuva, okwenza kube lula nakakhulu futhi kusebenze. Njengamanje, lo modeli wenziwa nge-sandwich panels, okuqinisekisa ukungabi khona kwe-corrosion ezindongeni zangaphakathi ze-incubator.
Ububanzi bezinketho zesimanje zihlanganisa zombili amadivaysi amancane aklanyelwe ukuhoxiswa kwezinkukhu ezincane zezinkukhu, kanye namamodeli asezimboni anikezwe izingcezu ezingafika ku-16,000. I-incubator entsha yaseRashiya e-Egger 88 iklanyelwe amapulazi amancane angasese namapulazi abo siqu futhi yenzelwe ukuhoxiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezinkukhu ezingu-88.