Ama-stockings akhula angabangela inkathazo enkulu kubalimi bezinkukhu: ngesikhathi sokuqala sokuphila kwabo, izinkukhu zizwela kakhulu ezimweni zangaphandle - noma yikuphi ushintsho kungathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwazo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukulawula ngokucophelela izimo zezulu ezinkukhu, ukuqapha ukudla kwazo, ukwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo, kanye nokwazi izizathu eziyinhloko zokukhula kwentsha. Sizokukhuluma ngakho konke lokhu kulesi sihloko.
Okuqukethwe:
- Biological
- Okungalungile okuqukethwe
- Ukuphazamisa amaphutha
- Izifo
- Okufanele ukwenze: imithetho yezinkukhu ezikhulayo
- Indlela yokukhetha amaqanda okufakelwa ukufakwa
- Imithetho yokugcina izinkukhu
- Ukudla nokudla kwezinkukhu
- Ukuvimbela izifo
- Ukwelapha inkukhu
- I-Hypothermia ne-Hyperthermia
- I-Atrophy yesisu esiswini
- I-Typhus
- Salmonellosis
- Pasteurellosis
- Isikhumba
- Coccidiosis
Izimbangela zezinkukhu ezihluphekile
Ukukhula okuqinile kwe-stock esincane kubonakala emavikini okuqala okuphila. Ngayo yonke imibandela yesondlo, inzuzo yesisindo ivela ngokushesha. Kodwa uma amaphutha enza ngendlela ethile, ukuthuthukiswa kunganciphisa noma kumise. Izimbangela zezinkinga zokuthuthukiswa zichazwe ngezansi.
Biological
Ukwehlukana ekuthuthukiseni inkukhu kungaba uma:
- iqanda elikhethiwe linamaphutha futhi alizange liphawulwe ngesikhathi sokukhethwa;
- iqanda ligcinwe ngendlela engafanele phakathi nesikhathi sokuqala ukufakelwa;
- iqanda alizange licolile noma livutha ngesikhathi;
- i-embryo itheleleke ngenxa yokugcinwa okungalungile kwezinkukhu;
- iqanda liyashisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokutshala;
- ukuphazamisa umswakama ngesikhathi sokutshala;
- ungqimba awutholanga amavithamini okwanele ngesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda.
Uyazi? Izinkukhu zizalwa ngamaqanda 50x50: isigamu sesilisa, insikazi encane.
Okungalungile okuqukethwe
Izinkukhu kufanele zikhule zifudumele. Ngisho nokunciphisa kancane kwezinga lokushisa kungaholela ekwenzeni ukuthi inkukhu izochitha wonke amandla atholakala ekudleni hhayi ekukhuleni, kodwa ngokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emavikini amabili okuqala okuphila, le nyoni ikhiqizwa igciwane, ngakho-ke uma umzimba ubanda, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela singeke sikwazi ukulungisa umsebenzi wayo. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kwezinkukhu emavikini okuqala kungama-30 ° С, ngakho-ke kunganciphisa kuya ku-25 ° С. Ukushisa ngokweqile nakho kuthinta kabi impilo yabasha. Ukushaywa komlilo kungabangela ukudakwa komzimba. Imidwebo nayo iyingozi kumzimba okhulayo: inkukhu ingabamba kalula umkhuhlane. Ukukhula kwezinyoni kunganciphisa uma indlu ingahlali kahle.
Esikhathini sokuqala sokuphila kwezinkukhu, amahora omusi kufanele abe amahora angu-17. Ukukhanyisa akufanele kube okukhulu, kungenjalo amatshwane angathukuthela futhi aqale ukuqhuma. Futhi, izimbangela zokunyundela zingaba umsoco ompofu, izimo ezingavumelani, ukucindezeleka.
Kuyothakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani futhi ukondle izinkukhu ngendlela efanele.
Ukuphazamisa amaphutha
Uma ukudla kungakhiwa kahle, kungabangela ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni izinyoni. Izisu zezinkukhu ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila ziyakwazi ukubona uhlobo oluthile lwemikhiqizo. Abanye, okungcono kakhulu, bayosuswa ngokushesha emzimbeni, ngenxa yokuthi inkukhu ngeke ithole inani elidingekayo lezakhi. Ukudla okungalingani nakho kuyimbangela yokukhula kancane kwezilwane ezincane. Ngokuntuleka kokudla kwamaprotheni ekudleni, ukuncipha kwesisindo kunciphisa, futhi ngenxa yokungabi namavithamini, i-avitaminosis iqala, ngenxa yalokho inyoni ilahlekelwa isifiso sayo futhi iba buthakathaka futhi ilulame. Izimpawu ze-beriberi zivame ukuvela ngosuku lwesihlanu lokuphila kwenkukhu, futhi zinezodwa ngevithamini ngalinye:
- A - conjunctivitis, imilenze ebuthakathaka;
- In-spasms, ikhanda liphonswa emuva, ukuthuthukiswa kwehle ngemuva;
- I-D - rickets, ikhula kabi, amathambo athambile, adla kabi;
- K - inkukhu enqabe ukudla, isikhumba somile, akukho-thermoregulation ezinsukwini ezishisayo, ukubulawa komuntu.
Izifo
Izifo zezinkukhu zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu:
- Izifo ezincane ezithathelwanayo (izinambuzane ezinobungozi zingena emzimbeni wezinkukhu ezivela emvelweni wangaphandle noma kusuka koqweqwe olugulayo). Izifo ezinjalo zingase zibe yingozi hhayi yonke imfuyo, kodwa nabantu.
- I-parasitic (izimpethu, amakhiza, ama-fleas, izinyosi nabanye). Ilahle isidumbu sesilwane futhi senze kube yingozi kakhulu kwizifo.
- Ukugula noma izifo ezibangelwa ukwephulwa kwezimo zezinkukhu. Njengomthetho, zibangelwa ukungondleki okungenamkhawulo, ukungcola okungcolile, nokungahambisani nombuso wokushisa.
Uyazi? Abanye abantu bahlushwa yi-actorophobia - ukwesaba izinkukhu nezinkukhu.
Okufanele ukwenze: imithetho yezinkukhu ezikhulayo
Ukuze ukukhula okuncane kukhule futhi kuthuthuke kahle, kubalulekile ukuyigcina ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ukuqapha ukudla kwayo, nokufeza izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi sokulwa nezifo.
Indlela yokukhetha amaqanda okufakelwa ukufakwa
Ukuqotshwa kwezilwane ezincane kuxhomeke kwikhwalithi yamaqanda akhethwe ukutshala. Ukuze amazinga okuzalwa aphakeme abe phezulu, imithetho elandelayo kufanele ilandelwe:
- amaqanda kufanele athathwe kuphela enyoni enempilo;
- Ukufakelwa amaqanda afaneleka kocingo oluvuthiwe;
- okufanelekile ukufaka amaqanda aphakathi nendawo;
- Ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe emaqanda ama-incubator kumele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukukhulelwa. Okungafanelekile: okungajwayelekile, okweqile, okuhlanjululwe, okufakwe emanzini, okungcolile, okuncane kakhulu noma amakhulu, okufakwe ngaphakathi, okuneprotheyini eline-liquid, ifenifomu ku-lumen, ne-yolk ehlanganiswe kugobolondo;
- ukuze kusetshenziselwe ukutshala, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqoqa amaqanda kusuka kungqimba okungenani kanye namahora amabili ukuze iqanda lingenalo isikhathi sokunciphisa okuningi;
- ukuze ubelethe izinkukhu ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaqanda eqenjini elisisindweni ngesisindo;
- kungcono ukuthi ungafaki amaqanda agcinwe isikhathi eside. Ukusebenza kwabo kuphansi kakhulu.
Imithetho yokugcina izinkukhu
Inkukhu kumele ihlale ihlanzekile: ukungcola okungcolile kuholela ekudambiseni ukukhulelwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, ngakho-ke indlu kufanele ihlanzwe njalo, ishintshe udoti futhi ichithe i-disinfect feeders nabaphuzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igumbi lapho izinyoni zihlala khona kufanele libe yomile, iphumule umoya, ngaphandle kwemidwebo, enomswakama ka 60-70%.
Impilo iyathinteka ngobuningi bezinyoni. Uma iqukethe emgodini, khona-ke kwelinye lazo akufanele libe nezinhloko ezingaphezu kwezingu-18, futhi i-cage kufanele ibe nosayizi ofanelekile. Esikhathini sokuqukethwe phansi, ubungako obuvunyelwe bezinhloko ngamamitha ayizikwele ngesilinganiso sezingcezu ezingu-20, uma nje abantwana bengakabi namasonto amane ubudala. Emasontweni angama-4-5 adinga ukuxazulula - imigomo engu-17 ngomitha ngamunye. Kusukela kumasonto ayi-10 kuya kwangu-20 kumitha yesikwele, kuvunyelwe ukuthola amakhanda angaphezu kuka-10.
Funda futhi mayelana nendlela yokulondoloza kahle futhi ukhule izinkukhu emva kokufakwa kwe-incubator.
Ekamelweni lapho izinkukhu zihlala khona, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe:
- Ukuhlala iminyaka engu-1-2 izinsuku: + 35-36 ° C;
- 3-4 izinsuku ezindala: + 33-34 ° С;
- uneminyaka engu-5-7 ubudala: + 31-32 ° С;
- izinsuku ezinsukwini ezingu-14-21: + 28-29 ° С;
- ubudala ezinsukwini ezingu-22-35: + 26-27 ° C;
- Izinsuku ezingu-40-60 ubudala: + 22-24 ° С;
- Izinsuku ezingu-60 noma ngaphezulu: + 18-20 ° C.
Ukukhanyisa:
- ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuzalwa, ukukhanyisa kujikeleza iwashi;
- ngesikhathi seminyaka yonke, unganciphisa amahora omini amahora angu-20;
- Amahora angu-8-10 wokukhanya akwanele ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala.
Kubalulekile! Ukushisa endlini lapho izilwane ezincane zihlala khona akufanele kudlule +40-41 ° C.
Ukudla nokudla kwezinkukhu
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwakha ukudla kwenkukhu kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwayo: ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuzoxhomeka kuyo. Kungcono ukuqala ukusondla masinyane ngokudla okhethekile okufanisa nonyaka wenyoni. Kodwa ngaphezu kokudla okhethekile, imenyu kufanele ifake nokudla okujwayelekile: ubisi oluvutshiwe, okusanhlamvu, amafutha, imifino. Ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile, izilwane ezincane kudingeka zidliwe nge-cottage shizi, amaqanda, ama-corn grits, ukolweni noma i-millet, ukudla kwe-soya, inhlanzi, ithambo kanye nenyama yokudla, amafutha omifino, u-anyanisi nemifino yemifino. Le mikhiqizo ingaba kwimenyu kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwenkukhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukunikeza amavithamini namaminerali. Ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila, inkukhu idla izikhathi ezingu-8 ngosuku (ngokucabangela ukuphakela ebusuku), futhi ingathola ingxenye yokuqala yokudla ngemva kwamahora angu-12 emva kokuzalwa.
Ukuze izinkukhu zidle ukudla, udinga ukubuka izinsuku zokuqala zokuphila kwazo. Uma ubona ubuthakathaka futhi obukhulu, velapah i-vitamin enzima nge-pipette. Kusukela ngosuku lwamashumi amabili lokuphila, inkukhu kufanele ihlukanise ukudla: faka amazambane, inhlanzi kanye nenyama enobisi kusuka emfucuza. Yonke inyoni kufanele ibe nokufinyelela mahhala kumuntu ophakelayo nokuphuza. Lezi ziqukathi kufanele zihlale zigcwele, njengoba izinkukhu zidla njalo.
Kubalulekile! Uma inkukhu igcwele, uzoba ne-goiter ephelele futhi uzolala ngokushesha ngemva kokudla.
Ukuvimbela izifo
Ukuze unciphise amathuba enyoni yezifo ezihlukahlukene, udinga:
- Ukukhipha imishanguzo ngaphambi kokulungisa i-batch entsha yesitoko esincane endlini ye hen.
- Nika amakamelo ahlukene ngezinkukhu. Akukhuthazwa ukugcina ezinye izilwane ezinabo. Kufanele futhi uhlele amatshitshi ngobudala.
- Udinga ukuqapha njalo isimo sodoti, ukutholakala kokudla namanzi. Udoti udinga ukuguqulwa kanye ngesonto, abaxhasi nabaphuzi kumele bahlanzwe kabili ngosuku.
- Yondla kuphela ukudla okuphakeme kakhulu, unamathele ekudleni okuthile ekudleni, ungadluli inyoni.
- Hlola izinkomba zokushisa, amazinga omswakama, ukutholakala kwegesi elimazayo endlini.
- Isikhathi sokuphatha nokuvimbela izifo ezehlukene.
- Yenza inkambo yokuzivikela, usebenzisa i-vitamin-mineral complexes.
- Isikhathi sokubona izinyoni ezigulayo futhi uzihlukanise nabanye.
Ukwelapha inkukhu
Ngaphambi kwalokho esihlokweni sethu sesitshele ukuthi izifo zezinkukhu zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu. Manje sizochaza izinhlobo zezifo eziningi kakhulu eqenjini ngalinye futhi sikutshele indlela yokubhekana nazo.
I-Hypothermia ne-Hyperthermia
I-Hypothermia, noma ngamanye amazwi i-hypothermia, ibonakala njenge:
- ukuxhuma;
- umsebenzi owehliwe;
- ukukhwehlela;
- izifo zesisu.
Izifo zezinkukhu - ukuvimbela nokwelapha.
I-hyperthermia, noma ukushisa, ibonakala:
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- isisu sithukuthele;
- i-crest blue.
- lawula izinga lokushisa nomswakama endlini ye hen;
- ukuqapha ukutholakala kwamanzi;
- ukuhlomisa kahle umoya we-co-op.
I-Atrophy yesisu esiswini
Lesi sifo senziwa ngenxa yokudla okungalungile kwenyoni. Uma lezi zinsizwa zidla ukudla okukudla njalo futhi zingenakuthola amatshe amancane, amagobolondo, isihlabathi, esizisiza ukugaya ukudla, khona-ke uthuthukisa i-atrophy yesisu. Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu izinkukhu ezinyangeni ezingu-1-3 futhi sihlanganisa abantu abangu-80%.
Izimpawu:
- ukoma;
- isifiso sokwanda;
- okungeziwe kuqukethe izinhlayiya zokudla okungenayo i-undigested;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngokuzumayo
- indigestion (ukuphazamiseka).
I-Typhus
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithinta amathumbu, izitho zomzimba we-parenchymal. Ezilwaneni ezincane kunzima, kungaphathwa kabi. Uma abantu begula, kufanele basheshe bahlukaniswe. Okunye okumele kube yizinqubo zokuvimbela: nikeza izidakamizwa "i-Biovita-40" ku-12.5 mg, uma inkukhu ingamalanga ayishumi, ngaphezulu - 15 mg. Uma kwenzeka isifo sengculazi, izidumbu ezithintekile kumele zilahlwe (zincishisiwe).
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa eYurophu, i-typhus yabonakaliswa kakhulu eNgilandi ngo-1889. Khona-ke lesi sifo sabizwa "izinyoni ze-salmonellosis". Kwakuyi-1907 kuphela lapho i-agent causative ekhonjisiwe futhi yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-pullorosis (egameni le-bacterium).
Lesi sifo sibonakala kanje:
- isifo sohudo esimhlophe;
- ukuxhuma;
- ukulahlekelwa komsebenzi;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- amehlo ezinyoni zivaliwe;
- Izinkukhu zibukeka zibukhali, ziyi-squeak.
Salmonellosis
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa ukuguquka kwesifo esiswini sezilwane futhi ziholela ekutheleleni kwegazi. Lithinta lesi sifo ikakhulukazi abasebasha ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-4 futhi kungabangela ukufa kwakhe.
Kubonakala:
- isifo sohudo esinzima;
- ukubola kweso;
- ukwesaba ukukhanya;
- ukulahlekelwa amandla.
Pasteurellosis
Elinye igama lesi sifo yi-cholera. Kuyinto isifo sebhaktheriya esithinta izinyoni zasekhaya nezilwane zasendle. I-feathered affected ingafa noma ihambe kancane ekuthuthukisweni.
Kubonakala:
- ukwanda okubukhali ekushiseni komzimba;
- ukubola kweso;
- isimo sokucindezeleka;
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukungabi namandla okuhlala ngezinyawo;
- isitembu esingavamile;
- ama-cramps.
Isikhumba
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithinta isikhumba senyoni kanye nesigxobo somlomo. Idluliselwa kumuntu ogulayo, izintuthwane kanye nezinambuzane zegazi.
Kubalulekile! Ukubulala ngenkuni inyoni egulayo ukuze lesi sifo singabi nesifo esiwumshayabhuqe.
Izimpawu zesifo:
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo;
- ukwephulwa kokugwinya i-reflex;
- ukuphefumula okungathandeki;
- bamba umgogodla we-beak namehlo.
Lesi sifo singelashwa kuphela ezinkathini zokuqala. Izindawo zesikhumba ezithintekile ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-furatsilina esekelwe ngamanzi noma e-boric acid. Ungasebenzisa i- "Galazolin".
Coccidiosis
Isifo sezinyosi esithathelwanayo esibangelwa ama-protozoan parasites, i-coccidia. Lithinta amathumbu.
Izimpawu zokugula:
- ukunganakwa;
- isifiso esibi;
- ukoma njalo;
- uhudo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma olubomvu;
- ukulahlekelwa isisindo
Lphrinta usebenzisa lezi zidakamizwa:
- "Amprolium";
- "Sulfadimezin";
- "Rigekoccin";
- "Koktsidiovit".