Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba zikuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esihle, ukuhlinzeka umndeni wakho ngemifino enhle futhi ehlanzekile. Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zinezinzuzo nezingozi, ikakhulukazi ukulima. "Isifo se-F1 esinezinkinga zesiShayina" sibhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme kakhulu ezinikezelayo futhi ezinde isikhathi eside, ziphikisana nezifo. Sifunda ukuthi singakhula kanjani lezi zinhlobonhlobo, indlela yokunakekela kahle, ukuvuna nokugcina izitshalo.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ikhukhamba ehlukahlukene "I-Chinese-resistant F1" yesifo se-Chinese ilungu lomndeni wePumpkin. Yakhiwe iziqu ezinamandla, eside, ezingashadile. Amaqabunga amancane, ama-internodes awancane, izimbali ziyintokazi, ayidingi impova ngezinambuzane. Izithelo zide, 30 cm nangaphezulu, ifomu le-cylindrical, umbala omnyama omnyama. Ukukhiqizwa kwesihlahla esisodwa "Isifo esincane esingama-Chinese" - cishe u-30 kg wamakhukhamba.
Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene:
- ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- self-pollination;
- ukunambitheka okuhle nokuveza izithelo;
- ukugcinwa okulula nokuntuleka kahle kokubekezela;
- kungenzeka ukukhula ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemhlabathini ovulekile.
Izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:
- ukuhluma imbewu encane;
- i-garter ephoqelekile;
- impilo emfushane yethalafu;
- ukungapheleli kokumaketha.
Uyazi? Ikhukhamba elingaphezulu kwama-95% iqukethe amanzi.
Izithelo nezivuno
Lolu hlobo lubhekisela kumazinga okuqala, isivuno sokuqala sivela emva kwamasonto ayisithupha emva kokuhluma. Umkhiqizo uhle kakhulu, uhlala wonke ihlobo kuze kube seqhwa. Ukhukhamba isikhathi eside, u-30-35 cm, uma ungavunwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungakhula ufike ku-1 m. Ubuso bekhukhamba bumbozwe ngesikhumba esibomvu, esikhanyayo, esikhumbeni. Ngaphansi kwesithelo kuyinto bushelelezi. Inyama ine-uniform ye-wax epholile, ngaphandle kwe-voids, enezinhlamvu ezincane.
Hlola izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhukhamba ezizimele.
Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuhlanzekile futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi, kunomsoco omncane we-melon, akukaze kube buhlungu, futhi isikhumba sinambitheka futhi sinomnandi kakhulu. Ikhukhamba inesisindo esingama 0.5 kg, ephelele ama saladi. Ingagcinwa esiqandisini izinsuku ezingu-7. 
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa usebenzisa izithombo. Ungazikhulisa ngokwakho noma ukuzithenga. Izithombo zidinga ukukhetha impilo, cishe ubude obuyi-20 cm, lapho kusetshenziswa khona amapheshana amane. Kuyinto elula lapho izithombo ezindebe ze-peat.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Isivuno esizayo samakhukhamba aseShayina sincike ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi. Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umanyolo omusha, umquba noma i-humus bese uwuhambisa kahle. Ubuningi be-acid kumele bungabi hlangothi. Ukhukhamba uthanda inhlabathi evundile, evundile enomqondo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo, i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-calcium.
Akunakwenzeka ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni efanayo kaningi ngaphezu kwesinye eminyakeni emine. Izikwele zifanelekile ngalesi sitshalo ngemuva kokutshala amazambane, ummbila, i-peas, namakhambi amaningi.
Uyazi? Uma kune-nitrogen enganele ngokwanele emhlabathini, ikhukhamba iqala kabi futhi inomjoqo onogwaja. Ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium ifomu lizobe liphakathi kwe-pear, futhi i-calcium inesibopho sesithelo.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Amakhukhamba aseShayina ayizitshalo ezithisa ukushisa, bathande ukukhanya, bakhule kahle nomswakama ophezulu (75% nangaphezulu) nokushisa kwezinga eliphezulu ngaphezu kuka -15 ° C. Kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama wenhlabathi engaba ngu-80% ukusheshisa izinqubo zemifino nokwandisa umkhiqizo. Amasiko awabekezelelani ama-drafts kanye nezinguquko ezisheshayo ekushiseni. Lapho ikhulile endaweni yokushisa, amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-30 ° C akakwazi ukubekezelela. Kudingekile ukuvuselela ukushisa okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokunciphisa izinga lokushisa.
Bheka izici zokukhukhamba ezikhulayo.
Ukhukhamba yizitshalo zamahora amancane omusi. Amahora ayishumi noma ayishumi nambili amahora omini anele ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile nokukhiqiza. Kuzo zokugcina izithombo, uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya yokufakelwa. Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile ekukhuleni okuhle ukuphuza okujwayelekile nokudla ngesikhathi esifanele kwezitshalo. Amahlamvu akufanele avunyelwe ukwenza, amakhukhamba kufanele aphuze nsuku zonke phakathi nezikhathi ezishisayo.
Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya
Ungakhula izithombo ngokwakho kusuka emakhaya ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukulungiselela nokutshala imbewu izinsuku ezingama-25 ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha okuhloswe. 
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ukulungiswa kwembewu efanele kunisiza ukwandisa izinga lokuhluma nokusheshisa ukuhluma. Inqubo kanje:
- Imbewu ithululelwa ngamanzi abandayo, emva kwesigamu sehora, ezinye zezinhlanzi zigoba phansi, kanti ezinye zihlala zihamba phansi. Imbewu esele ebusweni imbi, ayihlwanyeli, ingaxiliswa kanye namanzi.
- Ukubhubhisa izifo ezihlukahlukene, imbewu ingelashwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate egcwele uphethiloli. Imbewu igxila esixazululweni sesigamu sehora. Ukukhula okuhlukahlukene kokukhula, njenge-Appin, nakho kuyasiza ukwandisa imbewu ukuhluma.
- Ngemuva kokwelashwa, imbewu ingahluma. Isitsha esinezindwangu ezimanzi kufanelekile lokhu. Imbewu isakazwa ngendwangu futhi ihlanganiswe ngendwangu efanayo emanzi phezulu, ifakwe endaweni efudumele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi indwangu ayimile. Emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, imbewu iqala ukuhluma, idinga ukufakwa emhlabathini.
Funda mayelana nezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhukhamba aseShayina.
Okuqukethwe nendawo
Ukhukhamba kulula ukukhulelwa ezinkomishi zezithombo ezikhulayo. Ukuze ukwakheke kahle uhlelo lwempande, ivolumu yendebe kufanele ibe okungenani 300 ml. Ungasebenzisa futhi ukugeza, ibanga eliphakathi kwembewu kufanele libe lisuka ku-5 kuya ku-10 cm. Izinkomishi noma amabhuku okufakwa endaweni efudumele, enelanga, ungakhona emgodini.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu
- Amakhono agcwele inhlabathi. Ungathenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo izitshalo zasendlini noma uzilungiselele ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo ze-peat, humus, sod land kanye ne-sawdust yamapulangwe ngaphambilini ekhishwe ngamanzi ashisayo.
- Emathangi kuyadingeka ukwenza umgodi wokugeleza. Imbewu etshalwe ku-2 cm ejulile, iphuziswa futhi ifakwe ifilimu. Ngemuva kwesonto ukuphuma kwesonto nesigamu, ifilimu isusiwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthole izithombo ezinempilo kanye nembewu yamakhukhamba, ubhontshisi utshalwe ebhodweni. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo uthathe ubhontshisi.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Kudingeka ukuphuza izithombo njalo emva kwezinsuku ezintathu futhi uqaphele izinga lokushisa lomoya, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme liyi +22 ° С. Asikwazi ukuvumela ukuqhuma komswakama, usuku olukhanyayo kufanele lugcine amahora angu-10-12. Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo kancane kancane zicishiwe. Bahlala isikhathi esithile umoya omusha, bavula ifasitela ebhodini, into eyinhloko ukuthi akufanele kube ne-drafts. Izithombo ezinempilo kufanele zibe yi-green dark ne-internodes ezimfushane.
Ukutshala izithombo phansi
Izithombo zingatshalwa emhlabathini ngamaphakethe amabili, 4 cishe ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-25 ukuvela kwamacembe. Inhlabathi kufanele ifuthe kahle, endaweni yokushisa ehlanganiswa nefilimu izinsuku ezimbalwa. Inqubo kanje:
- Ngosuku ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ezinkomishini ziphuziswa kakhulu, ukuze kamuva zikhishwe kalula kanye nomhlabathi ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwempande.
- Embhede olungiselelwe, imigqa yenziwe ngokuphakama kwe-25 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa okungenani lingama-60 cm.
- Emagqumeni ahlaba imigodi ebangeni elingama-25 cm komunye nomunye, ubukhulu bukhulu kakhulu kuneklasi enezithombo.
- Ukuze uchithe imithi emhlabathini emithonjeni, ungadlulisa isisombululo esibomvu se-potassium permanganate, bese uvula amanzi alula.
- Izithombo zisuswa ngokucophelela ekomishini kanye nomhlabathi futhi zifakwe emkhatsini womgodi, zichithe inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo. Intamo yentambo kufanele ibe yi-1-2 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba zihlukaniswa yizivuno ezinhle: "Bouquet", "Wonke umuntu unomhawu", "isimangaliso saseChina", "ubukhulu be-Puchkovoe", "Phoenix 640", "i-Paratunka", "i-garland yaseSiberia", "Amur f1", "isiJalimane".
Ama-Agrotechnics akhula imbewu evulekile
Amakhukhamba aseShayina angatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, uma isimo sezulu sivuma. Lona umkhuba we-thermophilic, owehla kakhulu ekushiseni okufa.
Izimo zangaphandle
Uma ukhulile ku-abamba ukushisa, ukhukhamba kulula ukuzivikela ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kokushisa, ungakha i-microclimate evumayo, umswakama, isivuno sizoba ngaphezulu, isivuno sokuqala sizovela ekuqaleni.
Emhlabathini ovulekile, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo enelanga evikelwe umoya emoyeni, kude nemithi, izicingo kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Ukhukhamba lungatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwe-+18 ° C. Qinisekisa ukubopha ukuqhuma kuma-support angama (trellis) nokuqapha ukuchelela.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini
Kungcono kakhulu ukukhula izithombo zekhukhamba ezimbizeni, bese uzihlwanyela emhlabathini. Noma kunjalo, imbewu ingatshala ngqo emhlabathini, kuyilapho kufanele ifudumele kahle okungenani +15 ° C, lokhu kwenzeka ngoMeyi. Imbewu ingcono ngaphambi kokuhluma, njengoba ukuhluma kwamakhukhamba aseChina kubi. Ukuze izithombo zivele ekuqaleni, umbhede uhlanganiswe nefilimu. Kuhle ukusebenzisa i-greenhouse, ikakhulukazi emva kokutshala izithombo zamatamatisi.
- Ukuze ulungise imibhede, kusetshenziselwa umquba womquba onotshani, uchithe ngamanzi afudumele futhi uhlanganiswe ngesikhumba. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva ingxube ihlanganisa yonke indawo yombhede.
- Imbewu itshalwe emigodini encane yokujula ka 2-3 cm, izingcezu ezimbili emgodini owodwa ebangeni lika 25 cm komunye nomunye, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingama-60-80 cm.
- Ngemva kwalokho, bathululela ngamanzi afudumele, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lilinganiselwa ku-30 ° C.
I-VIDEO: IZIMBE ZEMIBUZO YABANTU ABAKHULU EPHAKATHI
Ukunisela
Ukuze isivuno esihle sidinga ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi, cishe kabili ngesonto. Phakathi ne-fruiting phakathi nenkathi eshisayo, ukuchelela nsuku zonke kuyadingeka emva kokuvuna. Uma ihlobo livula, khona-ke amanzi kufanele abe njengoba adingekayo, inhlabathi ayikwazi ukuthululwa, kodwa kufanele ihlale imanzi. Ukuphuza ngokusebenzisa amanzi okuphuza, amanzi kufanele awele endaweni yempande.
Kubalulekile! Amanzi okunisela akufanele abe amakhaza, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlukene ngokushisa okungaba ngu-+25 °C.Isitshalo esincane sidla amalitha amabili amanzi, ukhukhamba omdala - amalitha ayisishiyagalolunye emitha ngayinye, kanti ngesikhathi sokuhluma, kudingeka amalitha amanzi angama-20 kuya kwangu-30 ukuze aphuze imitha eyodwa yesikwele. Isikhathi esihle sokunisela ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ngemva kokushona kwelanga. Ungaphinda ufefa ukhukhamba nsuku zonke ngamanzi afudumele. Ukuze kulondolozwe kangcono umswakama inhlabathi ihlanganiswe.
Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula
Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ukuze umoya ugeleke kahle futhi ukukhuphuka akufaki. Ukukhululeka kwenziwa ngokucophelela, kuzama ukulimaza uhlelo lwempande. I-weeding yokuqala yamakhukhamba akhiqizwa emva kokuhluma. Ngenkathi yonyaka, imibhede emine yokhula kanye nemigqa emkhatsini wemigqa isetshenziswa, ichitha yonke ukhula. Uma kunemvula eminingi, kufanele sokhula kaningi kakhulu.
Masking
Isitshalo esakhiwe kahle sithela izithelo ezinempilo futhi enhle. Amakhukhamba aseShayina awunazo izinaliti, asuke ahlakulele kahle amahlumela asetshenziselwa ama-lateral, futhi uhlobo oluthile lwezimbali zesifazane.
Mhlawumbe uzothola kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi nini, kanjani nokuthi yini okumele ubeke ukhukhamba.
Ibhande le-Garter
Ikhukhamba ye-Garter yamaShayina iyimfuneko yokuvunwa okuhle. Kufanele kwenziwe ekuphakameni kwesitshalo ngamasentimitha angu-50. Ungasebenzisa i-garter emele ngayinye ye-whip ngayinye noma indlela ye-trellis.
- Uma i-garter eyodwa phakathi kwezinsizakalo ezifakwe ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kombhede, yelulela ucingo olungqimbayo endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha amabili ukusuka emhlabathini. Kusukela ohlangothini olungenalutho kuze kube yilowo nalowo wehlisa intambo phansi bese ubopha isitshalo.
- Ngendlela ye-trellis, izisekeli eziqondile zihlelwe kusengaphambili uma zihlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini, eceleni kwemigqa ebangeni lamamitha amaningana. Khona-ke ungasebenzisa i-mesh enkulu noma welula izintambo eziningana ngokuzenzekelayo phakathi kwezisekeli. Sebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo umshini weplastiki obukhulu obunamaphini. Izisekeli kumele zibe namandla ngokwanele ukuze ubambe umthamo omkhulu obuluhlaza.
Isixazululo esihle kakhulu enkingeni ye-i-garters i-ikhukhamba ukufaka inetha le-trellis.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukondla kwenziwa ngokwemigomo elandelayo:
- Kungcono ukulungiselela umbhede wokulima ukhukhamba ekwindla, ukwenza umquba ophilayo. Ngonyaka olandelayo, entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umquba wenkukhu noma i-mullein njengengubo ephezulu yokugqoka. Ichitheka emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1: 3 futhi ifune izinsuku ezimbalwa. Khona-ke i-ejenti yabuye yahlanjululwa ngamanzi 1:15 futhi ithela umbhede. Okufanelekile ekudleni ukhukhamba umlotha, ukusetshenziswa kwemitha ngayinye - cishe ngo-60 g.
- Uma umquba ungasetshenzisiwe ekwindla, kanti entwasahlobo, ngaphezu kwezinto eziphilayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise umquba wamaminerali. Uma ubonakala amaqabunga amabili, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se "Nitrophoska" (2 wezipuni ngamalitha angu-20 amanzi). Emva kokuphuza amanzi ajwayelekile yenza 2 amalitha esisombululo esitshalo ngasinye. Lapho kuvela igatsha lesithathu, i-potassium sulphate isetshenziswa, amabili amathisipuni omanyolo achitheka ngamalitha angu-20 amanzi okunisela. Inqubo iphindwa emva kwamasonto amathathu.
- Kuwusizo kusihlwa ukuhlanza amahlamvu ekhukhamba nge-urea, lapho ama-ovari avela (80 g we-urea ngamalitha angu-20 amanzi), le nqubo ikhulisa kakhulu isivuno. Ukugqoka okuphezulu akulethi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezi-6 zomjikelezo ogcwele wokukhula, hhayi kaningi ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili.
Wonke umquba kumele wenziwe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalelo, ukuze angalimazi izitshalo.
I-VIDEO: UKUSEBENZA ABAKHULU NGOKUKHUBA
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Igama lazo ezihlukahlukene lisikisela ukuthi ukhukhamba ayamelana nezifo. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi ebanda futhi ebanda, i-ukhukhamba ingagula nge-powdery isikhutha, lapho i-scurf emhlophe ibonakala khona ngaphakathi kwamacembe. Ukubhekana nalesi sifo kuzosiza ukuphalaza isisombululo sezindlela "Oxy" (ama-5 amalitha amanzi 10 g wezimali), inqubo iphindwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa ebusuku.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinye izindlela zokubhekana ne-powdery isikhutha kanye nekhukhamba i-peronosporosis.
Umkhuhlane we-Downy uvela njengamabala aphuzi emaqabunga, bese kuvela isikhala esibomvu esibomvu. Sula lesi sidakamizwa "I-Topaz" (1 ampoule ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi), emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, iphonswe futhi. Enye yezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zamakhukhamba - i-aphid. Amakhambi aphumelelayo ama-aphid - "Aktara" ne "Actofit". Faka isicelo ngokulandela imiyalelo. 
Ukuvimbela izifo nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ukuhambisana nemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo ekukhuleni ukhukhamba. Kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okuhle komoya ezitshalweni, ukuqapha umswakama, ukususa izinsalela zezitshalo, amaqabunga ezifo kanye nezithelo ngesikhathi. Futhi, ungenzi umanyolo omningi we-nitrogen.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ukuvuna kuyinkqubo ejabulisa kakhulu. Ukuze ukhukhamba ungaphumi, kuyadingeka ukuvuna nsuku zonke. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-pruner noma ummese ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo. Kungcono ukhethe ukhukhamba ekuseni noma kusihlwa, khona-ke ungayinisela.
Amakhukhamba aseShayina awagcinwanga isikhathi eside, kungcono ukuwasebenzisa fresh ngosuku olulodwa emva kokuvuna. Ama-ukhukhamba abamba ukushisa, izinga lokugcina lokushisa elingu-10 ° C, umswakama - 90%, elikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile - +7 ° C, umswakama - 90%. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukhukhamba ingagcinwa izinsuku ezingu-7. Ukugeza akufanelekile. Ukwandisa impilo yeshalofu engagcinwa endaweni epholile noma efrijini ekushiseni kwe-+4 ° C. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukhukhamba ubuna futhi ukunambitheka kulahlekile.
Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka
Uma ukhula ukhukhamba wamaShayina, kubalulekile ukunamathela kuzo zonke izincomo kanye nemikhuba yezolimo, ngokufanele futhi ngesikhathi sokubopha, ukondla nokudla. 
Ngezibonakaliso zezici ungathola imbangela yenkinga bese uyixazulula:
- uma amakhukhamba aqala ukuphuzi bese ewa amaqabunga, khona-ke isizathu sokunisela noma okungalungile ukugqoka noma ukugqoka okuphezulu, inhlabathi enganeleyo yokukhipha, ukudonsa okushisayo okukhulu;
- uma ukhukhamba unephunga elimnandi nelinambitheka embi, isizathu siwukuntuleka kwe-calcium;
- isimo esingavamile sesithelo sibonisa ukuntuleka: i-potassium ifomu eliphakathi kwe-pear, i-nitrogen ifomu ngesimo se hook ne-boron yindlela yokuvunguza.
