I-Parthenocarpic ikhukhamba izinhlobo

Indlela yokutshala nokukhula ukhukhamba "Paratunka"

Imifino emisha njalo ivela etafuleni lethu, kodwa omunye "omthengi" endala kakhulu ikhukhamba. Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Phakathi kwazo kukhona zakuqala, phakathi, ngasekupheleni, izitshalo ze-hybrid nezimila. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa nge-hybrid yokuqala "Paratunka F1".

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Lokhu okuhlukahlukene akudingi impova yezinyosi. Ekuqaleni, kwakuhloselwe ukutshala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Kodwa kamuva kwaba ukuthi unikeza imiphumela emihle emhlabathini ovulekile.

Hlola izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhukhamba ezizimele.

Ubude be-whip central bufinyelela kumamitha amabili. I-shrub yesixhumanisi esiphakathi. Izimbali zesifazane zinikeza i-ovary eziyikhulu wamaphesenti, ezitholakala emasimini. 3-5 abalimi bezitshalo ezikhulayo zikhula kusuka kumuntu owodwa.

"I-Paratunka" inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

  • izithelo zokuvuthwa zakuqala;
  • self-pollination umthamo;
  • isivuno esikhulu;
  • ukutholakala kwama-ovaries ensimbi;
  • ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezithelo;
  • ukumelana nokupholisa;
  • uhlobo lwabesifazane lwezimbali;
  • ukumelana nezifo.

Kodwa umbono walokhu okuhlukahluka uphazamisa ezinye zezinkinga:

  • ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande ezimpofu;
  • isidingo sokunisela njalo;
  • unameva nonameva;
  • inani eliphezulu lembewu.
Izici ezihlukile zalezi ukhukhamba zifaka okulandelayo:

  • I-Zelentsy gcina izimpahla eziphuthumayo ngenkathi kucutshungulwa;
  • ukuvuna njalo kuvusa ukubunjwa okusheshayo kwezithelo ezintsha;
  • akukho mkhawulo ekukhuleni kwe-shoot central.

Izithelo nezivuno

"I-Paratunka" ihlukaniswe isivuno esikhulu (cishe ngo-20 kg nge-1 sq. M). Izindlu zokugcina zokugcina zivela kakade ngosuku lwama-37-40 emva kokuhluma.

Ukhukhamba unenyama enhle futhi enomsindo ngaphandle kokufutheka. Ubukhulu - kusuka ku-7 ukuya ku-10 cm, isisindo - 65-90 g. Izithelo zinemibala emnyama eluhlaza kanye nemivimbo emhlophe. I-peel ihlanganiswe nama-tubercles anameva abukhali.

Uyazi? Ukhukhamba ngamanzi angu-95%, kodwa ama-5% asele aqukethe i-fiber, amavithamini nezici zokulandelela. Ikhukhamba le-pulp iqukethe i-salicylic acid, esebenza njenge-aspirin. Ngakho-ke, ngisho namaGreki ayazi ukuthi ukhukhamba inciphisa ukushisa.

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Ukhukhamba ungatshalwa njengendlela yokutshala, noma ngokuhlwanyela ngqo embhedeni wensimu. Lapho ukhetha izithombo udinga ukucabangela:

  • ukubonakala kufanele kube nempilo (isitshalo sihlaza, amaqabunga ayenawo umonakalo kanye neziphambeko, isiqu asigcini);
  • inani lala makhasi akufanele lidlule ama-4 ama-PC.

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Noma yimuphi umhlabathi ufanelekile ukhukhamba, kodwa isivuno esihle singatholakala kwi-loams noma ngezintambo nge medium neutral noma kancane acidic medium. I-Peat noma isihlabathi kufanele ifakwe enhlabathini yobumba. I-Acidity ingancishiswa ngokwenza ufulawa wama dolomite uma umba.

Hlola izinhlobonhlobo zezinkukhamba ezingavamile kakhulu nezingavamile.

Lungisa inhlabathi kangcono ekwindla. Ukwenza lokhu, yenza umquba bese umba umhlaba. Ngesikwele esingu-1. Ngisebenzisa cishe ama-7 kg we-mullein. Lokhu kungenziwa entwasahlobo inyanga nesigamu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Entwasahlobo ukumba umquba wamaminerali kusetshenziswa (ash, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate). Njalo ngonyaka, ukhukhamba kudingeka itshalwe endaweni entsha. Anyanisi, izithelo (kodwa hhayi ubhontshisi), i-garlic, i-cauliflower kanye neklabishi yakuqala kuyoba ngabaphambili abalungile. Kungcono ukungalimi emva iklabishi yokuvuthwa nokuvuthwa.

Izimo ezikhulayo

"I-Paratunku" ibhekisela ezitshalweni ezingenakuzithoba. Kodwa, ngokunikezwa ezinye zezici zayo (isimiso sezintambo ezibuthakathaka), badinga ukuphuziswa kaningi kunamanye ukhukhamba. Zibekezelela ukushintshashintsha kwansuku zonke kokushisa nokupholisa kwesikhashana. Emva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuvikela izithombo kusuka elangeni elivuthayo kanye nezinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe. Izitshalo zabantu abadala azithandi ilanga elishisayo. Ukhukhamba lalezi zilwane uphendula kahle ekutheni.

Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya

Ukuvuna kwangaphambili (amasonto amabili ngaphambili), indlela yokutshala isetshenziswa. Ukuze ungathengi izithombo ezenziwe ngomumo, ungazikhulisa ngokwakho.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Ukusuka kuqinisekisa ukuhluma kwembewu ngaphambili. Uma sinezela ama-manganese ama-crystals ambalwa ukuze siphuze amanzi, khona-ke sizophinde sithole ukungenwa kwesifo se-seed. Ngokubeka imbewu imizuzu engama-50-60 ekufakeni i-garlic (ngamaphesenti angu-100 amanzi - u-30 g wegalikhi), ungaphinda ukhiphe amagciwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu ehlanganiswe ngendwangu emanzi igcinwa izinsuku ezingu-2 ekushiseni kwe-+20 ° C kanye nesikhathi esifanayo eshalofini elingezansi lesiqandisini. Ukucindezela okuqhubekayo kuthuthukisa ukuphikiswa kwezitshalo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene ezicindezelayo.

Kubalulekile! Uma izinhlamvu ezitholakalayo ziboshwe, akumele kube khona izinqubo zokuqala okufanele zenziwe.

Okuqukethwe nendawo

Ikhukhamba izithombo zibekezelela ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlwanyela kufanele kwenziwe kwiphilisi ye-peat, i-peat izindebe noma ezigciniwe ezingagwetshwa ngokucophelela ukuze zingalimazi izimpande.

Uma udinga ukulungisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, ungasebenzisa ukubunjwa okulandelayo:

  • Izingxenye ezimbili ze-humus ne-peat;
  • 1 ingxenye ye-sawdust;
  • 2 tbsp. l umlotha kanye no-1.5 tbsp. l nitrofoski (amalitha angu-10 enhlanganisela yenhlabathi eqediwe).
Iziqukathi kufanele zimbozwe ngephepha bese zigcinwe ekushiseni kwe + 23 ... +27 ° С. Ukuze uvimbele izitshalo zisuka, izinga lokushisa liyancipha libe yi-+20 ° С ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Imibandela enjalo ingadalwa ku-balcony eglasi noma ku-loggia.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu

Ukuhlwanyela izithombo ukuchitha cishe amasonto 3-4 ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo. Inqubo ngokwayo iqukethe izigaba ezilandelayo:

  1. Gcwalisa iziqukathi ngenhlanganisela yomhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo.
  2. Faka imbewu engu-1 phansi.
  3. Fafaza ingqimba yenhlabathi ingxube ye-1-1.5 cm (akukho sidingo sokufakwa ngokujulile).
  4. Izitshalo ze-Moisten bese zimboza ngephepha.

Ngokuba ukuvela kwamahlumela kudinga umswakama okwanele nokushisa + 23 ... +27 ° C.

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

Emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, izinga lokushisa linciphisa libe yi-+20 ° C. Futhi, izithombo zidinga ukukhanyisa okungeziwe ukuze amahlumela angaboni. Ikhukhamba izithombo baphendula kahle ukufaka umquba. Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso, ingafakwa isisombululo se-nitroammofoski (3 tsp.) Ukulungiselela ama-3 l amanzi). Futhi nje ngaphambi kokuguqula emhlabathini, bayondla lesi sisombululo: 15 g we-urea, 40 g we-superphosphate kanye no-10 g we-potash umanyolo ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. "I-Paratunka" ithanda amanzi, ngakho-ke kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi ibhola lomhlaba lalihlale limanzi.

Sincoma ukuthi sijwayele izindlela ezingavamile kakhulu zokukhukhamba ezikhulayo: ezikhwameni, amabhodlela epulasitiki, imiphongolo, besebenzisa indlela ye-hydroponics.

Ukufika emhlabathini kwenziwa phambi kwamaqabunga 3-4 eqiniso. Isonto ngaphambi kokuba izithombo ziqale ukuqina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usuku nosuku amahora ambalwa kufanele athathwe endaweni evikelekile kusuka emaphethelweni nasemoyeni. Ngenhloso ye-prophylaxis, izithombo zingelashwa ne-Epin ngaphambi kokutshala.

Ukutshala izithombo phansi

Uma umoya uqhuma kuze kube yi-+22 ° C (ngokuvamile ekupheleni kukaMeyi), ungaqala ukutshala izithombo endaweni enomphela. Uma uphuma, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili:

  • lapho ubeka izitshalo ngokulandelana, ibanga phakathi kwehlathi kufanele libe ngu-16-17 cm, futhi phakathi kwemigqa - 60-70 cm;
  • nge-breeding noma version ephazamisayo, ukufika kuqhutshwa ngokuvumelana ne-scheme 50 * 30 cm.
Uma ukufakelwa kabusha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inqubo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokulimala ohlelweni lwempande. Uma izibhebhe ze-peat noma i-peat izindebe zisetshenzisiwe, lokhu kwenza kube lula. Kwezinye izimo, ukufakelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-coma yasebumba, ngemva kokulinganisela ngokulinganisela. Emva kokutshala izitshalo, ziphuziswa futhi zithunjiswe. I-base yafafaza ephakeme, izoxwayisa ukuvezwa kwempande futhi ivuse ukubonakala kwezimpande ezengeziwe. Izwe elizungeze isihlahla lihlanganiswe ne-peat noma i-sawdust.

Ama-Agrotechnics akhula imbewu evulekile

Ngaphezu kwendlela yokulima, ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile noma obamba ukushisa kuyasetshenziswa kabanzi.

Izimo zangaphandle

Izimila ezikhulile ezivela ezinhlathini ezitshalwe ku-greenhouse, zizovikelwa emiphumeleni engalungile yemvelo futhi izonikeza isivuno ngaphambi kwalabo abatshalwe ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile.

Ukukhetha indawo yamakhukhamba ensimini, kubalulekile ukunikeza izintandokazi emagqumeni. Amanzi angaqongelela ezindaweni eziphansi futhi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba asondelene, futhi lokhu kungabangela izimpande zibole.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini

Kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela ukhukhamba lapho umhlaba ugoqa, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lizoba yi-+15 ° С. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingu-+22 ... +24 ° С. Sitshele kakade mayelana nokulungiselela inhlabathi nokukhulelwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba Ama-Wells angafakwa emigqeni noma iphethini lokuhlola. Ukujula kokuhlanganiswa kwembewu kungu-1.5-2 cm. Ukusetshenziswa kwempahla yembewu - 3-4 imbewu ngayinye imitha yesigcawu. Uma uhlwanyela, kubalulekile ukuphuza umhlabathi kahle, ukuze imbewu ingalali emhlabathini owomile.

Ukunisela

Ngezinhlobo "i-Paratunka" isici esidinga izakhi zofuzo zokufaka amanzi amaningi.

Kubalulekile! Ukwahlukahluka kwamakhukhamba "i-Paratunka" kuyinto ekhethekile kakhulu mayelana nokuba khona komswakama, ngakho-ke udinga ukuwasebenzisa kaningi nangokwengeziwe kunamanye ukhukhamba. Kodwa kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho amanzi aqinile.

Ukunisela kwenziwa ekuseni kakhulu, futhi kungcono kusihlwa. Amanzi asetshenziselwa lokhu kufudumele. Ukuze ungabonakali uhlelo lwempande, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-canering noma i-sprinkler-sprinkler. Uma isomiso, ukuchelela kwenziwa kaningi kakhulu (nsuku zonke) kunesimo sezulu (njalo kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5). Kudingekile ukuba uqondiswe isimo somhlabathi; kufanele kube nomoya omanzi, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu-omanzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi igcwele umswakama ngo-20-25 cm.

Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula

Ukhula lukhula masinyane emhlabathini omanzi futhi kufanele lususwe njalo. Ngemuva kwemvula nangemva kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele ikhululwe ukuze i-crust ingayakhi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimazi izimpande ezisezindabeni ezingenhla. Ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwe-crust emhlabathini, ungasebenzisa izinto zokwakheka kwe-mulch (sawdust noma peat), bese ngezikhathi ezithile uzikhulula kancane. I-mulch yandisa kancane futhi ikhula ukukhula.

Ungaqeda ukhula ensimini ngosizo lwamakhambi abantu.

Masking

Uma ukhula ngendlela ye-trellis, amahlumela asuswa kuze kube seqabunga le-4-5, bese kuthi iphuzu lokukhula likhonjiwe. Umbhangqa ohlangothini lokuqala uqhuma isiteji emva kwekhasi lesibili. Uma lesi sitshalo singaboshwa, ke, ngaphezu kokuphoqa, amahlumela angafafazwa nomhlaba, lokhu kuzobavumela ukuba bagxile kalula futhi baqinise isihlahla. Ukusika njalo amagatsha angasebenzi futhi amaqabunga aphuzi kuzokwenza ukuba kube khona amahlumela amasha.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokupheka okulungile kwamakhukhamba.

Ibhande le-Garter

Ikhukhamba ukushona akukwazi ukubopha futhi ubanike ithuba lokukhuphuka emhlabathini. Kodwa ukubopha kuzokwenza kube lula ukuqeda ukunyakaza nokunyakaza kwemoya empofu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukubonakala kokubola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, trellis kulula ukuqoqa izithelo.

Kunezindlela ezinjalo ze-garter:

  • okuzungezile: intambo ihanjiswe emigqeni eminingana phakathi kwezinsizakalo ezimbili;
  • ngokuqondile: isiqu ngasinye siboshwe ngephothi kuya kusekelo olufana no-U;
  • hybrid: amapayipi agxile esimweni sepiramidi, futhi phakathi kwabo intambo isolwe ngokuqondile.
Ngayinye yalezi zindlela kuhle ngendlela yayo. Futhi ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi yazo. Hlanganisa izitshalo ezifinyelele ukuphakama okungaba ngu-30 cm.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukhukhamba uphendula kahle ekusungulweni kokugqoka. Ngesikhathi sokukhula bachitha okungenani 3-4:

  • phambi kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso, uchithe nge-mullein (1 l ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi) noma ama-droppings ezinyoni (izindebe ezilodwa nengxenye ibhakede lamanzi);
  • ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-fruiting, umanyolo uqaliswa ngokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ne-potassium;
  • maphakathi noJulayi uketshezi lwesithathu kwenziwa nge-mullein noma umanyolo obunzima owenziwe ngomumo;
  • okwesine kwenziwa uma kunesidingo, ngokugxila ekubukeni kwezitshalo, ukugqoka okukhulunywe ngenhla.

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

"I-Paratunka" iyinhlobonhlobo ephikisana nayo yonke izifo. Kodwa angathinteka yizifo ezinjalo nezilokazane:

  • impande nokubola okumhlophe;
  • i-anthracnose;
  • i-aphid;
  • isicabucabu

Ukubola okumhlophe

Ukuze ugweme ukubukeka kwezifo ezihlukahlukene kuyadingeka:

  • ungasondeli ukufika;
  • lawula umswakama wenhlabathi;
  • ukukhulula inhlabathi;
  • hlola izitshalo njalo futhi ususe ngokushesha izihlahla ezithintekayo.
Ukuze ugweme izifo, kungcono ukuthenga imbewu eluhlaza. Kodwa uma kuphakama izinkinga, kufanele uthenge amalungiselelo afanele bese uhlela izitshalo.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukhukhamba uqala ukuqoqa ngoJuni, futhi uqede ngo-Agasti-Septemba. Izithelo zokuqala zivela kakade ngosuku lwama-40 emva kokuhluma.

Kubalulekile! "I-Paratunku" kufanele iqoqwe kaningi (njalo ngelinye ilanga) kunokukhukhamba kwezinye izinhlobo, ngoba ukuvunwa njalo kuvusa ukwakhiwa kwe-ovary entsha.

Amakhukhamba angcolile kakhulu kufanele ahlanzwe, ngoba ukungcola ngokushesha kudla isithelo. Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Paratunka" ine-pulp enamandla futhi ihamba kahle.

Funda indlela yokugcina ukhukhamba okusha ebusika.

Ukugcina isithelo eside, udinga ukulandela le mihlahlandlela:

  • ukushisa akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka +1 °, kodwa akumele kudlule +10 ° С;
  • ukugcinwa kufanele kube mnyama, futhi ukupakishwa - ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala komoya okuhle;
  • gcina izithelo eziqinile endaweni yokugcina futhi usebenze ngokuphumula ngokushesha.
Uma lezi zimo zifinyelelwa, izithelo zingahlala kuze kube amasonto angu-2-3. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kuka -10 ° C, impilo yeshalofu iyancipha ibe yizinsuku ezingu-4.

Uyazi? Ukuze alondoloze ukhukhamba eziqhingini zasePacific Ocean, ayegqoke amaqabunga ebhanana futhi angcwatshwe emhlabathini. Futhi okhokho bethu baqamba indlela yokukhetha izithelo.

Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka

Ukhukhamba akuthandi umanyolo omningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangela ukudonsa kwezitshalo nezithelo noma ukuwa kwabo. Okufanayo kungenzeka nge-overabundance noma ukuntuleka komswakama. Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi konke kufanele kube ngokulinganisa.

Sithemba ukuthi, ngokulandela izeluleko nezincomo zethu, uzothola isivuno esihle futhi uzokwaneliseka ngokukhetha kwezinhlobonhlobo "iParatunka". Amakhukhamba amahle futhi amnandi kuwe futhi ajabulele ukudla kwakho!