Izinyoni ezizalisayo yinto enzima kakhulu. Kwanele ukufunda noma iyiphi i-encyclopedia, futhi kuzocaca ukuthi ukudala izimo ezihambelana nemfuyo akulula. Uma izifo nazo ziphazamisa ngale ndaba, abalimi bezinkukhu bangakwazi ukuzwela kuphela. Isifo sikaNewcastle, esizoxoxwa ngaso, yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esithinta izinkukhu.
Izimbangela zesifo
Isifo se-Newcastle yisifo esinamandla segciwane lesandulela ngculazi esibangela izimpawu zesimo se-neuro-paralytic. Kuyaziwa ngaphansi kwamagama we-Asian plague, i-pneumoencephalitis, njll. Umthombo wesifo uyinyoni elinegciwane, kanye nenyoni yokutheleleka.
Lokhu kuphelela imvelo ngemikhiqizo yomsebenzi wayo obalulekile, amaqanda kanye nokuphefumula. Ukusakazeka kwegciwane elifanayo kungaba indoda, nezilwane ezifuywayo, namagundane amancane, ngisho nezinambuzane.
Uyazi? Ama-virusi awawona aphilayo, ngoba angenawo amangqamuzana, kodwa awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi afile - anezo zakhi futhi akwazi ukuzala.Idluliselwa emoyeni, enendawo enkulu yokusabalalisa - kuze kufike ku-10 km. Inyoni nayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, i-inventory, izembatho nezicathulo zomlimi wezinkukhu, ukulala okuvamile kanye nesistimu yokuphuza umoya.
Igciwane lingomndeni wakwaParamyxoviridae. Lokhu kuyi-pathogen ene-RNA engaba ngu-150 nm ngobukhulu. Iqukethe i-hemagglutinin, ama-enzyme (isibonelo, i-polymerase), i-lipids, i-carbohydrate. Leli gciwane alibekezeli i-chloroform, ukushisa kanye ne-ether.
Amafomu we-Virus
Leli gciwane linokuhlukahluka okuningi nokuhlukumezeka kwemiphumela. Kunezinkinga ukuthi noma yikuphi, ngisho noma ingagonywanga, kodwa inyoni enempilo iyodluliswa ngaphandle kwemiphumela, futhi kukhona okubangela ukufa kwabantu bonke.
Zijwayele ngezici ezikhethekile zokugcina izinhlobo ezinjalo zezinkukhu njenge-Foxy Chick, i-Bielefelder, i-Kuban Red, i-Golosheyky, i-Hayseks, i-Hubbard, i-Amroks, i-Maran, i-Master Gray, i-Dominant "" ULohman Brown "," Redbro "," Viandot "," Sussex "," Faverol "," Rhode Island "," Minorca "," i-Russian White "," i-Kuchinsky Jubilee "," iZagorsky Salmon Izinkukhu ".
Ifomu lesishayo
Ifomu eliyingozi lokutheleleka ngegciwane elibangelwa ukufa kwengxenye enkulu yepulazi lezinyoni. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula kanzima, i-conjunctivitis. 
Ifomu le-Doyle
Leli fomu linzima kakhulu yizinyoni: ukulahlekelwa yidlame, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, ubuthakathaka, ukuhamba okunzima kwezono zangasese (ukuqoqwa kwe-mucus), isifo sohudo ngegazi elifakiwe. Le nyoni ivame ukungaboni, ukukhubazeka kwamalungu.
Ifomu le-Bodetta
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zangaphambilini, lo awunawo umphumela ochotshozayo: okubili kwezintathu kubantu zihlala. Kodwa izinkukhu ezincane zihlupheka kakhulu kunabantu abadala futhi zivame ukufa ngemva kokulimala kanzima ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Leli fomu lingasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemigomo ebukhoma.
I-Hitchner Form
Inkinga elula (ehlobene nabo bonke abanye). Le nyoni ilahlekelwa isifiso sayo, iyaba yinkimbinkimbi, inciphisa ukusebenza jikelele. Ngenxa yokuthi i-virulence ephansi, yilohlobo lwegciwane elifanele ukudala imishanguzo eminingi. 
Ngubani othintekile
Zombili izinyoni zasendle nezilwane zasendle zihambisana nesifo. Inkambo yesifo ixhomeke kohlobo nonyaka. Ama-turkeys nezinkukhu zihlushwa yi-pneumoencephalitis kaningi futhi kunzima kunamadada namahansi. Indoda ingatholakali igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kepha iyisiphathimandla esihle kakhulu sokutheleleka.
Umphumela wesifo kubantu
Kubantu abadala, lesi sifo asiyingozi. Kodwa-ke kungenzeka ukuthi utheleleke - lapho uxhumana nenyoni egulayo, ngoba ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kwenzeka emoyeni. Umkhuba wokugcoba amehlo ngezandla ezingcolile ungadlala nehlaya elinonya. Isikhathi sokugxilwa komuntu isonto.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ukuthi kungani izinkukhu zikhukhumeza amaqanda, yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zokugcina izinkukhu emakamelweni, ukuthi kungani izinkukhu zingahambisani kahle, nokuthi kungani izinkukhu zithwala amaqanda amancane.
Izimpawu zifana kakhulu nezibonakaliso zokuqala zentsholongwane: ubuthakathaka, umkhuhlane othile, impumu. I-conjunctivitis noma isifo sohudo kungenzeka. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zigeze futhi ziphathe izandla ngemuva kokusebenza endlini, hhayi ukusebenzisa amaqanda aluhlaza, ukugqoka imaski ngesikhathi sokugoma. 
Kubalulekile! Igciwane liyingozi ezinganeni! Naphezu kokuthi lezi zimo zingavamile, ngesimo esibi, igciwane lingabangela ukulimala komqondo kwengane.
Spread kwezinye izinyoni
Amahansi, ngokungafani nezinkukhu, unesivikelo esiphezulu ngokwengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, nazo zigonywe, ikakhulukazi ngoba amahansi ajwayele ukuhambisa igciwane kanye nezithuthukisi ezinhle kakhulu. Okufanayo kungashiwo ngamadada.
Ngakho-ke, zivikelwe ngokucophelela ekuxhumaneni nezihlobo zasendle kanye namagundane. Ama-turkeys ahlushwa isifo esiyingozi, ahlupheka ngesimo esibi futhi afe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje. Isifo sikaNewcastle sithinta nezinyoni zezinhlobonhlobo.
Isibonelo, ama-parrots anezinkinga nokukhubazeka. Amashiro namajuba angabonakala ukunyakaza okungahambi kahle, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ukuxubana. Inyoni ayikwazi ukudla futhi ifa ngokushesha ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla nokukhubazeka okuncane. 
Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa
Ukuxilongwa kuvumela ukuthi kungabikho izifo, izimpawu zazo ezifana kakhulu namaphilisi angamaphutha. Isibonelo, i-typhus, ikholera, noma inhlupho yangempela. Ukuxilongwa kwenzelwa ukucabangela isithombe somtholampilo wesifo, kanye nokuhlola okudingekayo kwe-laboratory ukuhlukaniswa kwegciwane futhi kunqume ukuqina kwesifo. Ucwaningo lukhathaza ubuchopho, izitho zokuphefumula, isibindi.
Sincoma ukuzijwayeza ngokulinganisa kwezinkukhu zamaqanda nezinhlobo zenyama.
Izimpawu kanye nencazelo yesifo
Elinye igama leNewcastle isifo. Ngokuvamile, iqhubeka ngokushesha, ngendlela elula, futhi isakazeka ngokushesha, okwenza kube khona inani elikhulu lokufa kwezinyoni.
Lesi sifo sinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, sithinta ipheshana lesisu, isistimu yokuphefumula, isimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi. Uma le nyoni ithole ukugoma okudingekayo, kodwa isifo sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, khona-ke kulowo muntu isifo sinamandla, ngaphandle kwe-pathologies ebizwa. 
Uyazi? Yathola igama layo langempela lolimi lokungabonakali oluhlobene nokushayisana kokuqala ngo-1926 edolobheni laseNewcastle, eNgilandi.
Isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo (ukufakwa ngaphakathi) kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwesonto, ezimweni ezingavamile, kabili isikhathi eside.
Isithombe sesitholampilo sincike ezintweni eziningi:
- ubudala bomuntu onesifo;
- izimo lapho inyoni iqukethe khona;
- uhlobo lwegciwane.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zalesi sifo zihlanganisa ngokulahlekelwa okuncane futhi ekugcineni ukuphelelwa yidla, ekushiseni komzimba okuphakeme (kuze kufike ku-44 ° C), isimo esicindezelekile, ukuhluleka kokuphefumula, ukuphazamiseka kwe-opacities. Ukuqongelela okuqhubekayo kwe-mucus emgodini kubonakala ngisho nasehlangothini. Ngenkambo esheshayo yesifo, izimpawu azikho isikhathi sokuvela, le nyoni ifa ngokuzumayo. 
Izimpawu zesimo esiyingozi sesi sifo:
- ukukhwehlela, ukukhipha;
- ukuphefumulela ngomlomo ovulekile;
- indwangu eluhlaza oketshezi (ngezinye izikhathi ngegazi elifakiwe);
- ukukhubazeka kwemilenze, intamo, namaphiko;
- ukuziphatha okunganele (ukuhamba emibuthanweni, ukuthuthumela, njll).
Ngenkambo enjalo yalesi sifo, kudingeke isonto nje kuphela ukuthi umuntu othintekayo abulawe ngokumelene nesimo sokukhathala okukhulu nokulimaza ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi. Lesi sifo sivame ukubangelwa amagciwane ase-Asia ane-pathogenicity ephezulu.
Izimpawu zephasiwedi engapheli:
- i-hyperexcitability;
- ukuthuthumela, ukuphazamiseka;
- ukukhubazeka kwemilenze, amaphiko;
- ukukhathala;
- ukuphikisa intamo.
Izinyathelo zokuqeda lesi sifo
Ngeshwa, naphezu komlando ongaphezu kwekhulu wesifo, ukwelashwa kwesifo se-Asia akunakwenzeka. Konke okusemandleni azo zonke izinyoni zezinyoni ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ukuvimbela igciwane ukuba lisakazeke. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa izinyathelo eziningi zokuhlanzeka, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.
Ukulahlekelwa komnotho
I-Pseudoencephalitis ibangela ukulimala okukhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi okungenakuqhathaniswa nezinkukhu zezinkukhu, njengamafomu ama-90% ezifuyo ezifa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi wepulazi kufanele akhokhe izindleko zokulahla abantu abanegciwane kanye nokuphathwa kwezempilo, kanye nokugoma, okuyimali ebalulekile emapulazini amancane angasese.
Ukuvimbela
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi isifo singcono ukuvimbela kunokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, ezinkukhuleni zezinkukhu, zonke izinyoni ezincane zinikezwa imishanguzo efanelekile. 
Ukuqothulwa kwezinkukhu izindlu nazo zonke izakhiwo zasendlini kwenziwa okungenani kabili ngonyaka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-pathogen igciwane elibhekene nesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (2%) nesisombululo se-bleach (3%).
Kubalulekile! Imishini yensimbi ingahle ikhiphe ku-chlorine noma i-alkali, ngakho-ke iphathwa nge-formalin (indlela emanzi).
Ipulazi kufanele iqinisekiswe, futhi ukufinyelela kungavunyelwe kuphela kubasebenzi. Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukungena kwamapayipi, izinkukhu, izinsiza, ukondla, ukulala. Uma ipulazi selibhekene nesifo, ukuhlukaniswa kwesinye isikhathi kunwetshwa inyanga ngisho nangemva kokubulawa kwezinyoni ezigulayo nokuphefumula okuphelele kwegazi.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalalisa okuqhubekayo kwesifo, izinyoni namaqanda zibhujiswa ngemuva kokuhlatshwa. Ngehla kanye nempaphe ezivela ezinyoni ezigulayo, kanye nalabo abasolwa ukuthi banegciwane, bashiswa. Izidumbu kanye ne-offal "abasolwa" bangabilisa futhi basebenzise izidingo zomkhaya.
Imisebenzi ye-Sanitary
Ukufingqa, izinyathelo ezisemqoka zokugcoba izinhlanzi zigonyelwe izinyoni ezinempilo, ukuchithwa kwemithi nokubulala izinyoni ezigulayo. Emigomeni uhlala ngokuningiliziwe. 
Ukugonywa kwemfuyo
Ukusetshenziswa komgogodla kuncike endaweni lapho ipulazi lezinkukhu likhona khona, ngoba izindawo zihlukaniswe zibe zincithakalo futhi zingenasiphelo se-Newcastle.
Abanakekelwa kakhulu yiyona ingxenye engeningizimu yeRussia neNorth Caucasus. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokugonywa, inyoni idinga ukukhulelwa kwengculazi, zama ukungeza amavithamini A, B (lonke iqembu) noD ekudleni.
Izinhlobo zemithi yokugoma
Ukukhethwa okufaneleko kwezinto eziphathekayo kusiza ukuthola umgomo wokugoma.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuphatha izinkukhu ezifana ne-pasteurellosis ne-colibacillosis.
Ayisebenzi
Lo mgomo uthathwa njengezinkukhu eziphephe kakhulu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukufaka umgomo wokuphila ongenakusebenza uma kungumbuzo wezinyathelo zokuzivikela, okungukuthi, ukukhuphuka kokuzivikela emphakathini wabantu abanempilo.
Ividiyo: Ukugoma inkukhu Futhi, uma igciwane eliyingozi kakhulu lihamba epulazini lekhukhu, kanti i-antibody titer i-1: 1024 etholakalayo, ukusetshenziswa komgomo wokuphila ngeke kuvimbele inyoni egazini lezinsimu, ngisho noma igonywa kaningi.
Kulokhu, amatshwele asezinsuku aphethwe (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okulodwa), bese uqhubeka nokuvimbela isifo seNewcastle ngemigomo ephilayo. ERussia, kusukela ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa umuthi wokugoma ongasebenzi.
It isetshenziswa lapho inyoni sifinyelela izinsuku ezingu-120 ubudala. Ukungavikeleki kuyaphikelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Amabhizinisi wamanje akhiqiza imishanguzo, manje anikele ngokubanzi, ngokushesha kusuka kumagciwane amaningi.
Ifomu le-dosage lomuthi wokugoma liwummulsion womjovo. Phakathi nesitoreji, ukuhlunga okunye kuvunyelwe, okuqedwa kalula ngokugulisa ibhodlela. 
Ukuphila ngokwemvelo Umgomo uqukethe uketshezi olutholakala emibungu enesifo esifile (uhlobo lwe-La Sota, iBor-74, H, njll.), Kanye nobisi olukhishiwe noma i-peptone njengendlela evikelayo.
I-liquid itholakala ngalendlela elandelayo: ukumiswa kulungiselelwe kusuka ezincekwini zenyoni esele igciwane, okuyinto, ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kochwepheshe, ukuthelela imibungu yosuku lwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye; ke lezi zimbungu, emva kokuhlolwa kohlelo lwe-laboratory, zisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela umgomo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imibungu eyafa zingakapheli amahora angu-96 isuswa futhi iphila kuphela, ikhohliwe kuya kuma-degree angu-4. Ifomu lesilinganiso - amaphilisi ahlanjululwa futhi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela noma ukugxilisa izinyoni.
Inzuzo yale mithi yokugoma iwukuthi inikeza umphumela osheshayo. Kodwa isikhathi sesenzo sakhe siphansi - kuphela izinyanga ezimbalwa. Iminyaka yokugoma, kanye nezimo zayo kuxhomeke kumkhiqizi wezidakamizwa futhi njalo kuboniswa emiyalweni eningiliziwe. 
I-laboratory yokuphila ibuthakathaka Lo mgomo awufani neze owedlule, ngaphandle kokuthi ukwehluleka kobunzima kutholakala ebhokisatri, hhayi ngokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi nokutheleleka kwemibungu nokucubungula okulandelayo.
Into eyinhloko okufanele uyicabangele yi-reactogenicity yemigomo ephilayo. Inyoni ingathola izifo zokuphefumula, ukukhiqiza kwayo kungancipha. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukudla okunomsoco okuqinisiwe.
Uhlelo lokugoma
Uma ukugoma kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalelo, kanye nezinye izincomo jikelele. Isibonelo:
- Ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa imishanguzo enezinkinga "B1", "C2", "VH", uma sikhuluma ngezinkukhu, ezineminyaka nje kuphela ubudala. Le migomo izoba nomthelela omubi ekuthuthukiseni kwabo kanye nenzalo elandelayo.
- Umgomo onenkinga ethi "Clone-30" isetshenziselwa ngabanye, isibonelo, i-parrot noma enye inyoni yokuhlobisa. Epulazini akuphumelelanga.
- Imithi ethandwa kakhulu kwezolimo yiLa Sota noBor-74.
- Imiyalo ihlale isetshenziswe ngokucacile, akufanele ishintshwe noma iphulwe.
Kubalulekile! EYurophu, ngokungafani namazwe e-CIS, uhlobo lwe-La Sota alusetshenzisiwe ngenxa ye-reactogenicity yayo ephezulu.Ukugonywa kwenziwa ngokufuthola, ukugxilisa umuntu ngamunye emakhaleni noma amehlo, kanye nokuchelela (uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kwenani elikhulu lezinyoni).
Indlela yokumba ngaphakathi
- Ibhodlela elinomuthi wokugcoba u-saline ngesilinganiso se-0.1 cu. cm 1 umthamo.
- Isixazululo esiphelele siphunduzwa futhi sifakwe emakhaleni ngokusho kwesimiso: isikhumba esisodwa sivaliwe, emaceleni amabili amabili.
- Uma ungeke ukwazi ukubhoboza impumu, ubheke amehlo.
Ukuphuza kanjani
- Bala cishe ukuthi inyoni eyodwa isiphuza amanzi amahora owodwa nesigamu, futhi uthathe amanani angu-10 wezidakamizwa ze-intranasal kule volumu (xhumana nemiyalo).
- Ngaphambi kokunisela kuyadingeka ukuba ume futhi ungadli inyoni (amahora amathathu anele izinhlobo zenyama, isikhathi sezinkukhu ezimbili).
- Thela isixazululo ekamelweni lokushisa libe yiziphuzo ezihlanziwe ngokuphelele (ubisi olugcotshiwe lunganezelwa ekuqedeni kangcono umuthi).
- Vumela izinyoni kubaphuzi.
- Ngaphambi kokunikeza amanzi alula, cwilisa amahora ambalwa emva kokuba umgomo uphuze ngokuphelele.
Indlela Yokufuthola I-Vaccine ku-Chicks
Ukufafaza amatshwele ezinsuku zenziwa ngosuku olulandelayo:
- Ikhubaza ukuphumula.
- Izinkukhu zitshalwe emabhokisini noma ezindaweni zokuhlanza ezikhethekile.
- Umgomo uhlanjululwe ngesilinganiso samanani angu-1000 nge 200ml amanzi amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa (funda imiyalelo).
- Ukukhanyisa akuncane.
- Isixazululo sithelwa emigodini ekhethekile eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, uma i-cabin, noma kunoma yimuphi omunye umquba ongenamanzi, uma ibhokisi.
- Ukuphalaza kwezidakamizwa ezikhiqizwa ngenhla kwamapuphu ukusuka ku-40 cm ubude.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda mayelana nezinhlobo ezinhle zokubeka izinkukhu, mayelana nemithetho yokugcinwa kwazo, kanye nendlela yokwenza isidleke futhi uthwale izinkukhu zokubeka, ukukhiqiza izendlalelo, ukuthi yini ongayidla, yiziphi amavithamini adingekayo zokubeka izinkukhu.
Kuzo zonke izimo ezihambisana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kungcono ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela futhi uzigcine ezingeni elifanele. Ungakhohlwa ukugoma izinyoni usebenzisa izindlela eziphumelelayo. Uma lesi sifo singakaze siphumelele epulazini lakho lekhukhu, ungaphelelwa ithemba, landela imiyalelo futhi uqhube ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kwe-laboratory. 
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi
