Imifino

Imiphi imifino engomiswa ebusika

Ukungabi namavithamini wemvelo kuthinta kakhulu umzimba womuntu ngesikhathi sebusika. Ukungabi khona kwelanga, imifino kanye nezithelo ezintsha kuholela ekunciphiseni amasosha omzimba, ukutholakala kwamavithamini kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola izifo ze-ARVI. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bwanamuhla benza kube lula, ngisho nangenkathi ebandayo, ukuthola inani elanele lezinto eziwusizo - isibonelo, kusukela ezitshalweni ezomile. Namuhla sizobheka indlela yokomisa imifino ebusika ekhaya, indlela yokuwavuna, indlela yokugcina kahle nokudla imikhiqizo enjalo.

Izinzuzo nokungahambi kwalendlela

Ukumisa kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokugcina nokubeka impahla ngesikhathi sasebusika. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inezici ezimbili ezinhle kanye nezinkinga.

Izinzuzo

  • isitoreji eside sezithelo;
  • ukonga isikhala ngesikhathi sokugcina umkhiqizo ophelile;
  • iningi lokugcinwa kwezakhiwo ezizuzisayo namavithamini esithelo;
  • inqubo elula yokulungiselela, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-salting noma i-roll-in;
  • amathuba okugcina isikhathi eside izithelo nemifino eyomile (uma kuqhathaniswa nemathinini);
  • lula ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo eyomile, ukulondolozwa kokunambitheka kanye nezakhi;
  • ikhono lokumisa lezo zithelo ezingafanele salting.

I-Cons

Izinkinga zale nqubo yilezi:

  • ukulahlekelwa isisindo esibalulekile kanye nomthamo we-fetus efomini eliqediwe - balahlekelwa ngu-90% wabo;
  • ukulahlekelwa kwamavithamini kanye nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zomkhiqizo - izithelo zilahlekelwa ngamaminerali alo kanye nevithamini C;
  • ngenxa yokulahlekelwa umswakama, izithelo zibe zomile, ngezinye izikhathi zilukhuni, eziyinkimbinkimbi yenqubo yokulungiselela kwabo esikhathini esizayo;
  • inqubo yokumisa ayifanele yonke imifino yemifino;
  • ubunzima bokulondoloza imikhiqizo eyomile - ngokuvamile ukubunjwa izidakamizwa izithelo.

Uyazi? Ukusungulwa kwendlela yokugcina njengendlela yokomisa, ososayensi babuyela esikhathini seNeolithic - cishe eminyakeni engu-9000 BC. i-er Ngenxa yokupholisa umhlaba wonke, izakhamuzi zesikhathi esidlule kwakudingeka zigcinwe ngokudla esikhathini esizayo, ngenxa yokuthi baphoqeleka ukuba basomile izimpande, imifino kanye nemifino ekugcineni.

Imiphi imifino engomiswa

Ububanzi bemikhiqizo efanelekayo yokomisa imifino ebusika bukhulu kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izithelo ezinempilo kuphela ezingahlaselwe izifo zifanelekile ukuvuna. Dry kuphela lezo izingxenye zomkhiqizo ezidliwayo - akukho iziqongo noma izimpande. Ungomisa cishe yonke into - kusuka kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kuya kumazambane. Ukumila izaqathe, i-pepper kanye ne-beet kuyathandwa - kuvela ukulungiselela okukhulu kwe-borscht. Ama-chips omisiwe anomsoco akhiwa amazambane, futhi i-parsley omisiwe ne-dill izonikeza ukushisa nokuvutha kwezitsha phakathi nenkathi ebandayo. U-anyanisi omile nogalikhi bathola i-piquancy eyinqaba efomini elomile, elindlela emisha yembula ukunambitheka kwezitsha.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izindlela zokulungiselela ezifana nokulondolozwa kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokugqoka azigcini izakhiwo eziwusizo zomkhiqizo futhi awunikezi izinzuzo zomzimba, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kosawoti noviniga. Uma ukomisa, akusikho izinongo ezengeziwe noma amafutha asetshenziswayo, okugcina ukunambitheka nokubunjwa kwevithamini kwemikhiqizo. Imifino eyomile yindlela yokuhlushwa kwazo zonke izakhiwo ezizuzisayo ezikhona kubalingani babo abasha.

Uyazi? Imifino kanye namanye amakhambi - umkhiqizo omuhle kunawo wonke ongasomiswa ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-dryer kagesi.

Yiziphi ezingavunyelwe

Ngokwesiko, indlela yokumisa ayisetshenziselwa lezo zitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-85% amanzi, kusukela lapho zilungele ngale ndlela zilahlekelwa okuningi futhi umkhiqizo uba phansi kakhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa:

  • ulethisi we-iceberg;
  • ukhukhamba;
  • isithombo;
  • iklabishi emhlophe;
  • ikhabethe.

Ukulungiselela imifino yokomisa

Ukumisa kungcono ukudla okwezinkathi zonyaka - ngalesi sikhathi abatholakali emitholampilo futhi balondoloze inani eliphakeme lamavithamini namaminerali. Lapho ukuvunwa esakhiweni sakho, kungcono ukusebenzisa 2-3 ukutshala imifino - izithelo ezinjalo zithola ujusi kanye nokuzwakala okuzwakalayo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izithelo ezinamandla, ezinempilo, ngaphandle kokulimaza isikhumba noma ukubola.

Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukwema utamatisi ovuthiwe ngesimo sokusika - ijusi elikhethiwe lizobambelela emgodini owomile, okwenza inqubo ingasebenzi. Ukuze uvunwe utamatisi ngokumiswa, sebenzisa izinhlobo ezincane kuphela ezingasomiswa ngokuphelele (isibonelo, utamatisi we-cherry).

  • Amazambane. Imifino kufanele ikhethe izinhlobo eziphuzile, ngoba kulezi zinhlobo yiyona nhlobo enkulu yesitashi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi isithelo samazambane sasinekhanda elincane, elibushelelezi, lingenaso amehlo futhi lincipha - ngakho ngeke linciphise ukusebenza. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zigeza kahle emanzini abandayo, bese izithelo zihlanjululwa. Ngaphambi kokumiswa, ukuhlunga nokusika izingxenye zamazambane kufanele kugcinwe ngamanzi abilayo imizuzu emithathu bese ubhalwa ngamanzi abandayo. Amazambane abilisiwe ngale ndlela agcina izakhi zazo. Manje amazambane asekulungele ukuma.
  • I-Beetroot. Izithelo zikhethiwe ngombala ogqamile, ocebile - lokhu kubonisa ukuvuthwa kanye ne-juiciness. Izinyosi zigezwa ngamanzi abandayo bese ziphekwa imizuzu engu-25. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-beet asehlile emanzini abandayo, kumele asuswe esikhumbeni futhi anike izingxenye ukuze zomile.
  • I-carrot. Izithelo ezinhle zokuvuna zikhona nombala ogqamile. Ukuqeqeshwa okuqedile kwenziwa, njengezinyosi zezinyosi, isikhathi sokupheka kuphela sinciphile sibe yimaminithi angu-15. Ukuze ulondoloze izakhi ezinomsoco eziningi zalesi sithelo ngangokunokwenzeka, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela ye-blanching yokulungiselela.
  • Ukholifulawa. Ukuze ukomile kahle iklabishi ukususa wonke amaqabunga, isiqu kanye nezindawo ezimele. Hlukanisa ama-inflorescences ezindaweni ezincane, uwageze kahle futhi uwabeke emaminithini angu-10 emanzini anosawoti (lokhu kuzosindisa umkhiqizo kusuka kumacimbi nama-aphid). Khona-ke kudingeka udle izithelo ngamanzi ashisayo imizuzu engu-25. I-cauliflower manje isilungele ukuma.
  • Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kanye nama-horseradish. Izimpande zihlanjululwe kahle, zivunyelwe ukuba zome. Gubha nge-grater enamafutha futhi uphelele kulolu hlelo lokusebenza. I-horseradish eyomile kudingeka igaye ibe yi-powder. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenkathi yokomisa i-horseradish ilahlekelwa yizindawo zayo ezimnandi ngo-70%.
  • I-pepper ebomvu eshisayo. Lesi sithelo somile ngokuphelele, futhi kakade sekulungele, pepper omisiwe, imbewu kanye nezikhwama zikhishwa.
  • I-peas eluhlaza. Ukuze kuvunwe, kusetshenziswe izinhlobo ze-pea ezimnandi. Njengokulungiselela ama-peas, indlela yokugcoba ngamanzi ashisayo isetshenziswe - imizuzu engu-1-2 yama-peas amancane, nemizuzu engu-3 - enkulu. Ngemuva kwalendlela, ama-peas ahlile ngokushesha emanzini abandayo futhi avunyelwe ukuba asomile. Manje umkhiqizo ulungele ukuma.
  • Ukuhlunga. Amakhemikhali anobisi ezinjenge-parsley, isipinashi, inambuzane, i-dill, i-basil, i-mint, i-arugula, njll, yizinto eziwusizo kakhulu zokomisa. Ngaphambi kokuba imifino idinga ukugeza emanzini abandayo, isuse uthuli nokungcola kusuka emaqabunga. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amahlumela amancane. Imifino kanye namaqabunga awonakele kufanele asuswe. Utshani oluhlanzekile lugaqulwa, lubekwe phansi futhi lumile ngokwemvelo.
  • I-Asparagus. Imifino kumele ihlanzwe emanzini abandayo, inqume izingxenye ezinzima, ivumeleke ukuba yomile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-pods ahlanganiswe ngentambo - manje isisu se-asparagu silungele ukoma kuhhavini.
  • Rutabaga. Kungcono ukukhetha izithelo zizungezile, zesikhumba esincane, nombala ofanayo we-peel. I-swede ehlanjululwe nayo ibilisiwe emanzini abilayo imizuzu engu-10, bese uqhubeka ngokuqondile ekumiseni kwayo.

Funda ukuthi ungomisa kanjani i-cilantro, i-sorrel, u-anyanisi eluhlaza, i-zucchini, u-squash, i-parsnip, i-broccoli, amakhowe ebusika.

I-Blanching ne-steaming

I-Blanching - Le ndlela yokwelapha ukushisa komkhiqizo, lapho kutholakala khona iphunga eliqondile nokufutheka kwemifino. Le nqubo iqukethe ukucwiliswa okwesikhashana kwesithelo emanzini abilayo (ukubilisa ngokuvamile kungapheli imizuzu engama-10). Ukwelashwa kwe-Steam kuyinkqubo yokwehlisa imikhiqizo ngomoya oshisayo okhishwe emanzini abilayo. Le nqubo yenziwa ukukhipha imishanguzo emshinini futhi ibulale amabhaktheriya angafuneki.

I-blanching ne-steaming yizinqubo eziphoqelekile ngaphambi kokumisa imifino eminingi (okuwukuphela kwodwa imifino). Lokhu ukwelashwa kugcina izakhiwo ezizuzisayo zesithelo, ziwahlanza uthuli namakhemikhali ayingozi (uma umkhiqizo uphathwa nge-poisons yamakhemikhali noma ubuthi kusuka ezigandwini). Futhi, izinqubo ezinjalo ziyancipha izithelo, zibenza zibe nempumelelo xa zomile, futhi zisiza ukugcina izithelo amavithamini amaningi ngesikhathi sokumiswa okulandelayo.

Izindlela zokumisa ezidumile

Uma izindlu zasendlini zangaphambili zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ama-ovens kanye nelanga ukuze zomile imifino nezithelo, imishini yanamuhla inikeza ama-ovens amaningi kanye nama-dryer, okuyinto ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu okuzovumela ukulungisa umkhiqizo, ukulondoloza izindawo zayo eziwusizo. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe indlela ngayinye yokulungiselela.

Funda futhi mayelana nama-nuances we-cherries, ama-plums, ama-apula, amapheya, ama-strawberry, ama-currants, amagilebhisi, ama-cranberries, ama-blueberries, i-rose rose, i-hawthorn, i-cornel, i-chokeberry, kanye nama-oranges nama-lemons ukuhlobisa.

Evulekile

Le ndlela inezinkinga ngaphezulu kunezinzuzo. Okokuqala, akuwona wonke umuntu onethuba lokumisa imikhiqizo evulekile emoyeni - imifino ebekwe emgqeni idinga isikhala esiningi nesibhakabhaka, ngaphandle kwalokho inqubo yokumisa ayikwazi ukufezeka. Futhi, ngale ndlela yokuvuna, kunamathuba aphakeme okulimala isithelo ngamaphakathi, izinyosi noma izinyoni - ijusi eyimfihlo yomkhiqizo uyilindelwe izinambuzane.

Kunzima ukugcina ithrekhi yenqubo yokomisa - ilanga elinamandla lokushisa lingenza inyama enomsoco ibe yindawo yamachiza, futhi imvula engazelelwe - yonakalise umkhiqizo ngokuphelele. Ungakhohlwa ukugubha nokuguqula izithelo, ngoba imifino yabo iyomiswa. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwendlela yesikhathi sokusebenza - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-4, okuyinto ekunciphiseni izinga lempahla esiphelile. Le ndlela ifaneleka kuphela emahlathini - ilanga nomoya omusha zizoshintsha ngokushesha utshani zibe ipowder eyomile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho umswakama othola utshani obomile. Akunconywa ukuba usakaze imifino ngaphansi kwemisebe ekhanyayo - kulokhu, utshani namaqabunga azoshisa ngokushesha. Kungcono ukuthunga umthunzi ofanelekayo esimweni esishisayo, esomile, esingenamoya.

Ukuqhwala enye indlela elula futhi ephumelelayo yokugcina ukudla. Ungafisa imifino, amazambane, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, izaqathe, ummbila, i-broccoli, i-rhubarb, amahlumela aseBrussels, i-zucchini, isitshalo seqanda, ithanga, ama-beet, amakhowe (uju agaric, ama-champignon, ama-porcini amakhowe, ama-oyster amakhowe).

Esikhathini somshini kagesi

Le ndlela iyona elula kakhulu futhi yesimanje - kudivayisi ekhethekile ungayomisa izithelo emahoreni ambalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izomisi zogesi zifudumala ngokufudumele izithelo ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, ngenxa yomsebenzi we-air convection. Kunomthetho ophuthuma inqubo yokuvuna imifino esomile kagesi: udinga ukubeka isithelo esikhulelwe phansi, kanti uginindela ungacindezelwa kancane ukusheshisa inqubo yokukhipha amanzi.

Njengomthetho, ama-dryer kagesi okusetshenziselwa ekhaya asezingeni elilingana, elisiza ukuhamba nokusebenza kwabo. Kwamanye amamodeli, igridi eyengeziwe nge-mesh emihle inikezwa - ihloselwe ukomiswa kwezithelo ezincane ikakhulukazi, njenge-peas, i-cherry utamatisi, njll. Njengomthetho, izinga lokushisa elihle uma umile kule mishini kusuka +40 ° С kuya ku-60 ° С.

Kuhhavini

Indlela yokomisa imifino kuhhavini nayo inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-artificial. Yathandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokutholakala kwemishini etholakalayo - cishe wonke umuntu ophethe izindlu unezivolonti ekhishini namuhla.

Ukuze usebenzise i-ovini njengesomiso, kuyadingeka ukumboza iphepha lokubhaka ngephepha lesikhumba, uhlele imifino evuniwe kuyo, faka i-tray yokubhaka esihlalweni esiphezulu bese uvula i-ovini kuze kube sezingeni elincane lokushisa. Umnyango kumele uvule. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-25, udinga ukuhambisa imifino phansi bese uyomile kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa.

Sicela uqaphele: uma lezi zikhala kuhhavini ziqhubeka zikhiqiza ijusi, abakaze zomiswe. Uma izithelo ziphukile ngesikhathi sokucindezela, lokhu kubonisa nokuthi ukungabi khona kwempahla kuyatholakala.

Ukungalungi kwalendlela yokulungiselela kuyisidingo sokomisa imifino ngezindlela eziningana - uma ubomisa ehhavini ngesikhathi esisodwa, bazobukeka njengabaqaphi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile imifino ilungiswa ngale ndlela izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Ukucubungula kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-oven kagesi.

Kubalulekile! Ukushisa kuhhavini lapho ukomisa imifino akufanele kudlule +60 °C. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izithelo ziyoshisa noma ziyophelelwa yisikhathi.

Ku-microwave

Ukutshala imifino kule microwave nakho kufinyelela ukuthandwa. Iqhinga elikhulu lale ndlela: izithelo noma imifino ifakwe kancane, ngokushesha bayomiswa. Ukungahambi kahle kwalendlela yokucubungula kungenakwenzeka kokuvuna inani elikhulu lezithelo - ngakho le ndlela ilula uma nje udinga ukuma ngokushesha umkhiqizo omncane womkhiqizo.

Ukuchithwa kwe-electromagnetic kuhhavini ye-microwave kukuvumela ukuba ushise futhi usule umkhiqizo, okwenza le ndlela ibe esheshayo kulawa. Ukwengeza, ngokushesha okushicilelwe ngemifino, kutholakala amavithamini angasetshenziswa kakhulu ukuba "aguquke" kuwo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma izithelo zihlanjululwe ngobuningi obungaphezu kwe-2 cm, ama-microwaves, awela kuwo, alahlekelwe ngamaphesenti angama-50% omsebenzi wabo - lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ijubane lokuphakela. Futhi ukucubungula umkhiqizo nge-microwaves kwenziwa ngokulinganayo, ngokungafani nokumiswa kuhhavini.

Uyazi? Ukuvuna imifino eyomile kungadliwa ngendlela efomile. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuba babuyele ukudla kwabo: ngokufaka isithelo amahora angu-2-3 emanzini. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuzokuhluka kumkhiqizo wokuqala.

Indlela yokugcina imifino eyomile ekhaya

Umthetho oyinhloko wokugcinwa komkhiqizo owomile ophelile: ukuqeda umswakama kanye nomswakama ungene emifino eyomile. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina ibhekwa njengukulondolozwa komkhiqizo omile emigodini yezibuko nge-lid evulekile, noma ezitsheni zeplastiki zokudla. Into esemqoka ukuqinisekisa ukufaka uphawu oluhle kwesitsha ukuze kuvinjelwe umoya ukungena (izinhlayiya zobuningi emoyeni zingaphazamisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo owomile).

Sicela uqaphele: akunakwenzeka ukugcina imikhiqizo eyomile esikhwameni sepulasitiki - yile ndlela ukubunjwa kubangelwa ngayo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ubuyekeze ngezikhathi ezithile izimpahla, ulahle izithelo ezifakiwe, ezomile, uma kunesidingo, imifino epholile.

Ngemva kokucubungula izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokomisa imifino ebusika, kungashiwo ukuthi ukuvuna umkhiqizo ngale ndlela kuyindlela elula kakhulu futhi ephansi kakhulu ezohlinzeka umndeni wonke ngamavithamini awusizo kanye nokulandelela izakhi phakathi nenkathi ebandayo. Ukunamathela emithethweni eyisisekelo kanye nezincomo ekuvuneni imifino, ungakwazi ngaphandle kwemizamo kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okukhethekile ukulungisa imifino eyomile ekhaya.