I-Boletus noma buhlungu Sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswe ekudleni. Kuneziyobisi ezidliwayo, ezidliwayo futhi ezingenakudliwa. Lo mndeni wamakhowe ungenye yezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zabameleli abadliwayo - i-mushroom emhlophe. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuthi i-cep ibukeka kanjani, indlela yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakhowe ama-boletus angenakutholakala futhi asemthethweni, yiziphi izinhlobo ze-boleta.
Kuhle
Lolu hlobo lwe-boletus lunamakhemikhali anobuthi ku-pulp yayo, ngakho-ke abaqashi be-mushroom ababaziyo bayazi ukuthi akuvunyelwe ukuwudla. Iyakuthanda ubuhlungu futhi ibangele ukugulisa emathunjini, ngenxa yalokho ubuhlungu obunzima buvela emathunjini nasesibindi, ukudla kuphelelwa yilapho kubonakala khona ukubola.
Isigqoko se-mushroom enhle sinombala wamafutha we-sunflower engapheli nomthunzi omncane we-cherry evuthiwe. Isakhiwo se-matte se-cap singase sibekwe ukuchofoza okuncane, okufana nesigcawu semiphetho ye-wavy. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, i-cap ithatha uhlobo lwebhola elingavumelekile, elinesibindi emaphethelweni okusika. Ububanzi bayo bufinyelela ku-15 cm (ezimweni ezingavamile kungenzeka kube ngaphezulu). Isici esivelele se-nice-numb bolt wukuthi akudli izibungu namashubhu, ngoba zizofa masinyane ngezinto eziyingozi.
Uyazi? Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-60 leminyaka lama-20, abaqoqi be-mushroom bathola i-bolt eyayingaphezu kuka-10 kg.
Ama-tubulus aseBoletus ane-lemon-yellow hue, ene-age fungus eba umnqumo omnyama. Ubude bhubhu bufinyelela ku-15 mm, uma kunqunywe noma kugxiliwe kuphenduka ubuluhlaza obukhulu. Ama-pores of the beautiful-bore bolts amancane, azungeze, aphuzi pink embala, kanti ubudala pores baba yellow obala, bese uvula green. Uma ucindezelekile, ama-pores athola i-blue tint. I-Spores ku-fungus ellipsoidal, ebushelelezi futhi encane (ubukhulu obuphakathi - amamitha ayi-14x5).
Umlenze we-ovule obomvu omeleleka kancane kancane uguqula umbala kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhanda kuya kwesisekelo sefungus. Umbala uqala ngombala we-lemon-ophuzi, bese uphenduka ube obomvu obomvu, bese uphela ngombala obomvu. Ama-mushroom ama-Old boletus angase alahlekelwe yimilenze yabo ebomvu emnyama. I-pulp ye-fungus isinyene futhi iqinile, i-cream-colored. Ekuqaleni, kuyathandeka, kepha emva kwalokho kubonakala sengathi i-aftertaste ebuhlungu. I-Klyuchonozhkovy bolt evame kakhulu emahlathini ase-coniferous asezintabeni, ngezikhathi ezithile - enqenqemeni. Ngokuvame ukwenzeka emahlathini kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ama-boletus nama-boletus mushroom nawo afana nokubonakala okufanayo.
Kugxilile
Lolu hlobo lwe-boletus linamagama amaningi ahlukene: ejulile, evulekile, ecwebezelayo, ecwebezelayo. Ikhanda laleli bhokisi liyi-hemispherical shape (ezinhlotsheni ezincane), elilinganiselwa ku-5-18 cm (ngezinye izikhathi lifinyelela ku-25-28 cm noma ngaphezulu). Isikhumba sinobuhlungu, umbala we-lime umhlabathi, ngezinye izikhathi uthola i-liint of lime engavuthiwe. Uma ucindezelwe, i-cap ithola uhlaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izibhebhe zinombala ophuzi okhanyayo. Ama-pores ayimibuthano encane, encane, athole ukubopha okwesibhakabhaka noxhumana naye okunamandla. Ubukhulu bezingxabano buyalingana nalokho okwenziwe ngamakhowe amahle. I-spore powder edwetshwe ngombala wegolide. Umlenze we-eukaryotes omncane ufana nesilinda, uvuthwe ngaphakathi, u-5-10 cm ubude nobude obuyi-3-6 cm esigabeni. Uma uneminyaka yobudala, umlenze uthatha uhlobo lwe-cylinder ekahle. Umbala wemilenze uyi-beige ekhanyayo, esisekelweni singabona izindawo ezikhanyayo zokukhanya. Phezulu kwe-stem inegridi engalingani, okuyinto, ngokuthintana okunzima, ithola umbala wombala wasezulwini. I-pulp ifana kakhulu nokwakheka ku-pulp ye-champignon, kodwa ukunambitheka kwayo kuyimpofu (ukufutheka okunamandla kuqhubeka).
Kubalulekile! Amanye ama-bolts angathinta umsebenzi wesibindi futhi abulale amangqamuzana awo, ngakho-ke, lapho kuqala izimpawu zokuthi ubuthi, kufanele uthinte ngokushesha isikhungo sezokwelapha ukuze uthole usizo.
Le amakhowe ayitholakali emahlathini aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Uthanda ukukhula ngaphansi kwe-oki noma ama-birch groves. Ingatholakala ehlobo nasekwindla., nakuba ngokuvamile kudala i-mycorrhiza. I-boletus egxilile kule ncazelo ifana kakhulu nobuhlungu bukaSathane, kodwa lesi siphetho sinomsindo omnandi ngaphansi kwekhanda. Kwezinye izincwadi zokutadisha ungabona idatha ukuthi leli khowa lidliwayo. Angenayo ngempela into eyingozi enobungozi emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa Umsuka obabayo unomuncu obabayoNgakho-ke, akekho owenzayo ekuphekeni.
Zijwayele ngezici zokuhlanza kanye nezindlela zokuvuna amakhowe ebusika
Le gal
Lolu hlobo lwe-boletus esakhiweni salo lunamakhemikhali anobuthi, ngaphezu kokunambitheka okumuncu okungajabulisi kungabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa emzimbeni. Ebizwa ngokuhlonipha owesifazane owayeyingcweti ye-mycologist ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 eFrance. Igama lakhe kwakunguMarcel le Gal, kodwa ezincwadini zesiRashiya leli amakhowe ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi "i-boletus legit".
Ingxenyeni engenhla yomlenze inqabile, icishe ibushelelezi, i-pink, ingavamile kakhulu i-orange, umbala. Ukuma kwesikhumba se-boletus encane kufana nesimo se-convex ellipsoid. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-cap iyaba yingcosana encane futhi iba yinto yokukhwabanisa. Ububanzi bayo buxhomeke kuneminyaka yobudala futhi buhluka kusuka ku-7 kuya ku-17 cm noma ngaphezulu. Inyama ye-legger ine-hue le-le-yellow futhi i-mushroom ecebile iphunga. Ezindaweni ezedle ama-slugs, zidwetshwe umbala wezithelo zomnqumo ezivuthiwe, cishe cishe wonke amakhowe we-boleto genus.
Ukuze uzivikele ebuhlungu obunobuthi, zijwayele ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani i-agaric evamile ezimpungeni zamanga.
Isakhiwo semilenze sifana isilinda esithintekileisilinganiso sawo esilinganiselwe kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5 cm (ngezinye izikhathi ubukhulu bufinyelela ku-6-8 cm). Ubude be-stem buxhomeke kuneminyaka ye-eukaryote futhi kungafinyelela amakhilomitha ayishumi nanhlanu. Ama-pores aqoshiwe ngombala obala we-carmine, ama-tubes afinyelela ubude buka-1.5-2.2 cm. Ubukhulu bezinhlamvu nombala we-powder spore kufana nezici zezinto eziphilayo kummeleli ochazwe esigabeni esingenhla.
Borovik le Gal kaningi kwenzeka eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ikhetha inhlabathi e-alkali, ngokuvamile ikhula ngaphansi kwe-hornbeam noma i-oki. Ehlathini kungatholakala ehlobo noma ekwindla zakuqala. Le Hal, ngaphezu kokunambitheka okumuncu okumnandi, kunezinye izinto ezinobuthi, ngakho-ke ukuwudla akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele.
Uyazi? E-Italy, kuzobhekwa njengokuphula uMthetho uma wena (ngaphandle kwemvume) uye ehlathini ukuqoqa amakhowe.
Okuthandekayo
Lolu hlobo lobuhlungu lungabangela uketshezi kokudla, ngakho-ke okushiwo amakhowe anobuthi angenayo. Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sofuba zihlanganisa: ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, ukubola. Izimpawu ngokuvamile zanyamalala ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezikhonzi zemithi emahoreni angu-24-36. Amacala abulalayo obuthiwa yi-bolt enhle engakabhaliswa.
Lolu hlobo lwe-boletus lune-diameter enkulu kakhulu (kunezibonelo ezinamaphimenti angu-30 kuya ku-30 cm). Ivezwe ngobomvu obomvu, obuncane kakhulu - obunundu. Ngokungafani nhlobo zonke izinhlobo ezingenhla ze-bolt, lawa amakhowe anesimo esiphezulu sekhanda. Izici ze-pulp zaleli bhokisi zifana nalabo okuchazwe ngenhla.
Siphinde sikweluleke ukuthi uthole ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani ama-windmills, ama-chanterelles, nama-mushroom avela kumakhowe angenakulungiswa.
Ubude bomlenze buyingqayizivele, kodwa ububanzi bayo bunomfanekiso oqinile (kuze kube ngu-12 cm). Ukwakhiwa kwemilenze kufana ne-cylinder ye-convex ephosa phansi, eqoshwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo. Ubude be-tubes bufinyelela ku-1.7 cm, umbala ufana nenhlanganisela yelamula ne-lime. Ama-Pores ngokucindezela athola uhlaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngendlela yemvelo enombala obomvu okhanyayo. Izici ze-Spore azifani nabanye abameleli bale nhlobo.
Ngokuvamile, i-boletus iyi-mycorrhiza enhle ne-fir noma i-rockfruit. Ngokuvamile kaningi itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States. Kuye kwafunyanwa nasezweni laseNew Mexico. Ungathola le-bolt emahlathini ahlanganisiwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla yokuqala.
Pink purple
Ukuma nobubanzi be-cap kufana ncamashi neyommeli wangaphambili we-Borovik. Uma limanzi, i-cap iba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ithola ama-bumps. Le amakhowe unombala ongalingani, okuyinto ehluka kusuka gray grey kuya umnqumo gray. Inendawo enezinti ezibomvu nezibomvu. Uma ucindezelwe ku-fungus, kuvela amabala amnyama okwesibhakabhaka. Ngezinye izikhathi ibhotela elibomvu elibomvu lingalimala yizinambuzane. Izindawo ezonakalisiwe zinomkhuhlane we-lemon ophuzi noma omnqumo.
Kubalulekile! Qaphela abaqoqi be-mushroom: ama-anthills avame ukutholakala ezindaweni lapho inani elikhulu le-boletus likhula khona.
Izici zobungqimba obunamafutha kanye nama-pores zifana nalokho ku-bolt enhle, noma kunjalo, ama-pores anombala obala (pink-orange noma obomvu obomvu). Ubude bomlenze walesi bolt ufinyelela ku-15-17 cm, ububanzi bayo buyi-7 cm. Umbala womlenze u-lemon-ophuzi nomthunzi omnyama obomvu. Ekugcineni kunomshini wokukhanya we-burgundy, ngokucindezela uthola u-blue tint.
Inyama yalowo mmeli inkulu, unomunandi omnandi we-fruity, umbala omnqumo ophuzi. Esikhundleni sesinqunto sibe mnyama okwesibhakabhaka, emva kwesikhathi umbala uba umthunzi wewayini ohlukile. I-boletus e-Pink-purple iqukethe inyama enhle futhi iyamnandi ukunambitheka, kodwa, akunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise okuluhlaza noma okuphekwe, ngoba ummeleli wezinhlamvu.
Amakhowe adlayo afaka: obomvu, amakhowe, i-svinushka, ama-boletus, amakhowe omndeni we-syroezhkov, i-boletus noju
Kukhona i-mushroom eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emhlabathini we-calcareous emahlathini amancane, kaningi ezindaweni ezizintaba. Uthanda ukukhula phakathi kwezihlahla ze-beech ne-oak. Lesi sifo asizange sifunde kancane ngabacwaningi be-mycologists, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuyiqoqa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvamile ukuhlangana nabaqoqi be-mushroom. Isakazwa kakhulu eNtshonalanga Ukraine, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
I-Rosy-skinned
Loluhlobo lwe-boletus lubukeka lufana nokufana okubomvu. I-cap, ngokungafani ne-fungus echazwe ngenhla, inesikhumba esincane esivuthiwe. Ngesinye isikhathi ihlanganiswa uhlobo oluthile lwezinto eziqinile, linomshini we-chocolate-gray, emaphethelweni aqoshiwe embala we-burgundy okhanyayo. Umlenze we-bolt oboshiwe obomvu ufana kakhulu nesakhiwo nombala kumlenze wommeleli ochaziwe ngenhla, umehluko kuphela ukuthi ungafinyelela ubude obungama-20-22 cm. I-pulp ine-ukunambitheka okuncane nokuphunga.
Uyazi? Izithombe zokuqala zamakhowe zivele eminyakeni engaba ngu-1450 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu. Izithombe zitholwa abavubukuli ensimini yeGibhithe yanamuhla.
Ama-tubulus abamele abavuthiwe athola ama-shades amnyama (aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanengi - okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Lokhu kufana kakhulu namakhowe kaSathane, atholakala ezindaweni ezifanayo, ukhula ezimweni ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ummeleli ophuziweyo ololu hlobo lwezakhi utholakala kakhulu kangako ngabaqashi be-mushroom; ngakho-ke, izazi ze-mycologists azizange zifunde kahle. Abaqoqi be-mushroom abanokuhlangenwe nakho abaqoqi lolu hlobo lwe-bolt, njengoba liqukethe ama-poisonous compounds. Abantu abangenalwazi badla i-pink boletus, okubangele izimpawu ezingenakuqhathaniswa zokudla okunobuthi ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3. Kukhona ama-chills, ubuhlungu esiswini nesibindi, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, njll. Izigameko ezibulalayo zesikhumba esinombala obomvu nezibomvu azange zibhaliswe, noma kunjalo, uma udla amakhowe amaningi aloluhlobo, khona-ke ukuxubana kungase kuqale, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni komqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ummeli obomvu obomvu ngisho nangomumo obilisiwe (emva kwamahora amaningi wokushisa okushisa, izinto ezinobuthi aziphuli isakhiwo sabo).
Wolfish
Ukuma kwempisi bolt cap kunesakhiwo esivamile, esingaba cishe wonke amalungu enhlobo yeBorovik. Ububanzi bekhanda buhlukahluka kusuka ku-5 kuya kwezingu-20 cm, kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka yobukhulu befungus. Umbala we-cap uhluka, ngokuvamile kuye ngokuthi unomlingani nalokho okwenziwe ngamaminerali emhlabathini (okubomvu okukhanyayo, okubomvu-pink, pink ekhanyayo (amabhutshi amancane), burgundy). Izici zezinto eziphilayo zisho ukuthi amalungu amancane ezinhlobo ze-Wolf anombala wesikhumba okhanyayo (ngokuvamile uvame ikhofi, i-gray gray). Uma uneminyaka yobudala, i-fungus ithola umbala obumnyama obomvu noma obomvu obomvu, isikhumba siphelelwa ngokuphelele (ngaphandle kwe-patina ezwayo).
Umlenze webhola lempisi lomumo ojwayelekile (i-convex cylinder iba cishe iphelele nangeminyaka yobudala). Ubude bomlenze, ngokungafani namanye amalunga we-genus, amancane, afinyelela ku-6-8 cm kuphela, ububanzi - 3-6 cm. Umbala umbala wezithelo zomvini ophuzi onendawo ebomvu ebonakalayo ebomvu. Izici ze-tubular ne-spore zijwayelekile, kepha kukhona umehluko ngosayizi (ama-tubes amancane, nokho akhula ngobudala). Njengamanye ama-bolts alolu hlobo, uma ucindezelwa kuwo, i-fungus ithola umbala wevini amagilebhisi avuthiwe. I-pulp ye-fungus ayinayo iphunga elihlukile elizwakalayo noma ukunambitheka. Ngokuvamile, ama-wolfbears atholakala emahlathini amancane akwa-Israyeli (kusukela ngoNovemba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaDisemba). Ikhula ngamaqembu ezweni elichaziwe livamile. Ikhomba amakhowe adla ngokulinganisela. Yidla emva kokwelashwa okushisayo okuphelele (ukupheka okungenani imizuzu engu-15 ekushiseni kwe-100 ° C, umhluzi awudliwa njengoba kukhona izinto ezinobuthi obuqothulayo kuwo).
Kubalulekile! Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 ze-borovik, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuba uzilandele ehlathini, udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela idatha yezincwadi ukuze ungaqoqi abameleli abangenakulinganiswa be-genus.Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, kuzocaca abaningi ukuthi i-boletus iyini, yiziphi izinhlobo zazo ezikhona, nokuthi yiziphi zazo ezingadliwa. Lona ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu oqoqayo amakhowe kufanele afunde ukuze angalimazi impilo yakhe ngokudla amakhowe amakhowa angabonakali.
