Mhlawumbe, ngamunye wethu, ukuthenga amazambane, ubuza imibuzo eminingi kumthengisi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo, ukunambitha, indlela engcono yokupheka. Lokhu akumangalisi, namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamazambane amazambane kunoma yikuphi ukunambitheka kwe-gastronomic, kodwa phakathi kwalezi zihlukahlukene kukhona izintandokazi ezicacile, enye yazo ezoxoxwa ngazo.
Incazelo
Uma ukhetha izinhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane zokutshala, abalimi baqondiswa yizinqubo ezijwayelekile: isivuno, ukumelana nezifo, ukunambitheka, ukubukeka. Emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, amazambane aseRocco athandwa kakhulu, futhi sizohlala sichaza incazelo yayo ukuze siqonde ukuthi yini eyenza ikhangeleke kakhulu futhi yiziphi izici zayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Rocco" maphakathi nonyaka, amazambane etafuleni avumela kakhuluokokuqala ku-Holland. "I-Rocco" idume ngendwangu yayo enhle, echaza ukuthandwa kwayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuhlukanisa amazambane kulezi ezihlukahlukene ngokubukeka akulula.
Amahlumela
Lesi sitshalo yisihlahla esiqinile sokuphakama okuphakathi namahlumela amaningi. Amahlumela anezimbali ezibomvu namaqabunga ama-wavy amancane. Ngokuvamile, izimbali kungenzeka zingekho.
Abanini bezandla balima futhi izinhlobo ezinjalo zamazambane: "Adretta", "Bluishna", "iNdlovukazi Anna", "Inhlanhla", "Irbitsky", "Gala", "Kiwi".
Izithelo
Izithelo zamazambane zinesimo esifanele se-oval, esithambile, nge-pulp ukukhanya okuncane, ikhasi lezilimo eziyizigaxa zingaba nombala kusuka ku-violet kuya kumbala obomvu obomvu.
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Ezihlukahlukene zamazambane "Rocco" inezici ezikhangayo kubalimi bemifino. Lezi zingxenyana zibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zenkathi yamazambane, okusho ukuthi inkathi yayo ekhulayo ingaba yizinsuku eziyikhulu (isikhathi singahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu).
"I-Rocco" ayimelana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, inomkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu. Ngakho Amakhilomitha angama-400-600 angaqoqwa ngehektare ngalinye izitshalo ze-tuber (izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingaba ngu-12 zikhula esihlahleni esisodwa). Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinomthamo ophezulu we-starch - 16-20%.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yokwanda kwesitashi, kukhona ama-mbatata izinhlobo "I-Rocco" evame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni lapho kulungiswa khona ama-chips kanye nama-apulasitiki.Lezi zi-subspecies aziyona into enhle kakhulu ekunakekeleni, ibekezelela isimo sezulu esomile kanye nemvula enzima ngokulinganayo, ngenxa yokuthi ikhutshwe ngempumelelo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane, "i-Rocco" isiye saziwa kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasehlobo. Le ntshisekelo ekhuphukile ivela ngenxa inamba enkulu yezinzuzo kanye nokuntuleka okuphelele okuphelele:
- Amazambane anezethulo ezinhle kakhulu, zihanjiswa kahle futhi zingagcinwa isikhathi eside (ngaphezulu kwezinyanga ezingu-6).
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa azilahlekelwa ukuma kwazo futhi azishintshi umbala we-pulp ngenkathi ukwelashwa ukushisa, unambitha omuhle omnandi.
- Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu namagciwane nezinye izifo, ukunganaki ekunakekelweni, ukubekezelela isimo sezulu.
Kokuphutha okuphawulekayo kungabonakala kuphela ukuthambekela kokulimala okuphelile (ukubola okubomvu), ngenxa yalokho amahlathi ashiya khona kuqala, bese kuba nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Uyazi? Ukulimala kwesikhathi eside kwabangela indlala enkulu e-Ireland, eyabulala ingxenye yesine yezwe labantu kusukela ngo-1845 kuya ku-1849.Ngenhlanhla, namuhla kukhona inani elikhulu lamathuluzi azosiza ukulwa nalesi sifo nokugcina isivuno.
Ukutshala amazambane
Ukuze isitshalo sijabule ngemithamo yayo, kubalulekile ukuthi sibheke ngokujulile inkinga yokukhetha isayithi lokutshala amazambane, ucabangela izici zezinhlobonhlobo nokuzinakekela.
Ukukhethwa kweSayithi
Isayithi kufanele ibe bushelelezi, ihlanzekile, iphihliwe kahle kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Esikhathini sokulungiselela, indawo kumele isuswe ukhula, izidumbu, utshani obomile. Inhlabathi yokutshala izinhlobo "Rocco" izohambisana nanoma yisiphi - inhlabathi, i-sod, inhlabathi emnyama.
Isimo esiyinhloko sokulungiselela inhlabathi siwukhulula kakhulu, inhlabathi kumele ibe lushisa ukuze izimpande zithuthuke futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa zibe nesimo esifanele.
Izinsuku zokufika ziqondiswa izinga lokufudumala kwekholomu yomhlabathi (izinga lokushisa kufanele libe + 7 ... +8 ° C) futhi lihluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sezulu sendawo siyini. Emazweni amaningi anesimo sezulu esiphezulu, isikhathi esiphezulu sisukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ezindaweni ezilukhuni, isikhathi sokufika sishintshwa futhi sishintshwa kamuva, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kukaMeyi.
Kubalulekile! Ukulibaziseka kokutshala amazambane amaviki amabili noma ngaphezulu kunganciphisa inani lokuvuna esizayo!
I-patterning yokuhamba
Ngokuvamile abalimi abanolwazi banezikhali eziningana zokuhlela imibhede yamazambane, sizogxila kokunye okusheshayo nokulula kakhulu.
Indlela eyisisekelo "ngaphansi kwefosholo"Okubalulekile kulokhu okulandelayo: emithanjeni yesayithi kwenziwa cishe ngo-5 cm ubude, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele libe ngu-70 cm, izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe emithanjeni ene-interval of 30 cm, bese zihlanganiswa nenhlabathi evuliwe. Ukutshala okuvaliwe kunganciphisa kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwemibhede.
Funda indlela yokwenza isitshalo sezambane ngezandla zakho.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuhlunga ngokucophelela lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa bese ubamba zivulekile izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze kuvele amehlo amancane.Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi indlela eyisisekelo ayifanele kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Ukujula okungezelele ukutshala kungabangela amazambane ukubola ngenxa yobuningi obuningi. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezinjalo "Rocco" izimo ezinjalo zizuzisa kuphela, ngoba ukuchelela okuningi kungenye yezimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulima.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Ngakho-ke, usuphumelele ngokuphumelelayo nokutshala kwamazambane, manje udinga ukunakekela ngokucophelela imibhede, ngakho sizocubungula izici zalolu hlelo.
Abalimi abaningi benza amathanga ama-hilling. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-motoblock noma i-hiller eyenziwe ngezandla.
Indlela yokuphuza
I-Potato "Rocco", njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zomswakama, ngakho umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuchelela okunamandla nokujwayelekile, okungenani izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngesonto. Umphumela omuhle wokulondoloza umswakama odingekayo utholakala ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi ukwakha ungqimba lwesimela.
Ukunakekelwa komhlaba nokugqoka
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwenhlabathi, ukubeka imibhede emhlanjeni ukhula futhi ukhululeke njalo emhlabathini, okuzoqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle kwemoya. Okudingekayo ukuze kutholakale izitshalo ezithambile zezithombo zamazambane ufaka umquba emhlabathini bese ukondla isitshalo ngokwawo.
Kukhona okuhle njengezindlela zakudala ezifakazelwe, namathuluzi akhethwe ngokukhethekile. Ngokwesiko, ukufaka umanyolo kukhiqizwa ngamakhomikhali e-organic and amaminerali. Inani elanele le-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium emhlabathini ohlukanisa izilimo eziyizigaxa zaziphikisana nezici zangaphandle.
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, amazambane asengozini yezifo ezihlukahlukene nezifo, kanti futhi zingathinteka izinambuzane. Uma ngaphambili, i-sulfate yethusi yayibhekwa njengeyindlela yendabuko yonke yokuvikela kuyo yonke into embi, namuhla kukhona ukukhetha okukhulu kwezinhlayiya zanamuhla nezinambuzane zesigodi esisha.
Amazambane ahlaselwa yizinambuzane ezifana ne-Colorado mbatata beetle, i-wireworm, izibungu ze-beetle, i-bearfish, i-nematode, i-aphid, i-scoop. Kusukela ezifweni ezithinta amazambane, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukulimala okwesikhashana, Alternaria, isikhumba.
Uyazi? Lapho utshala amazambane, kunconywa ukuthi uthele uhlaka oluncane lwezinkuni emthonjeni ngamunye, lokhu kunomthelela ekwandeni kokuqukethwe kwesitashi ezilimo eziyizigaxa futhi kwandisa isivuno.
Ukuvuna
Isikhathi esithakazelisayo kunazo zonke umlimi wezithelo, yikwindla, isikhathi sokuvuna. Ukuvuna kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze izithelo zingaqala ukuwohloka nokubola. Ukuze unqume ukuthi ungakumba yini amazambane, udinga ukuqapha isimo sezingqimba.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kokusikwa kweziqongqo zezimbali kuqala ukukhula okusebenzayo kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukufa okugcwele uthi isitshalo singavuna, kepha kunconywa ukuba uqale ukumba ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izilimo eziyizigaxa zivuthiwe. Ngemuva kokufa kweziqongweni, kubalulekile ukumba amazambane ngaphambi kokuba imvula.
Ngokuvamile isikhathi sokuvuna siphelile ekupheleni kuka-Agasti futhi siqhubeka kuze kube yingxenye yesibili ka-September. Ukuvuna ngaphambi kokuvuna ukugoba nokuhlanza okuqongileukugwema ukutheleleka okunokwenzeka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ngemuva kokuthi amazambane asebiwe, kufanele abekwe eceleni kwesikhala esisodwa ukuze asome ngaphambi kokugcinwa emabhokisini. Kusukela ekuvuneni, kudingeka ukhethe inombolo encane yamazambane, okuzosetshenziswa ngonyaka ozayo wokutshala.
Njengoba kungenzeka ukwahlulelwa ngencazelo, ama-mbatata athi "i-Rocco" ngokuqinisekile iyintandokazi phakathi kwezinhlobo zethebula ezidumile. Ukwaziswa ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo kanye nokunambitheka okuhle, okuyinto ezobheka ngisho nezigubhu ezinamava kakhulu, futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kuyokujabulisa ngokuvuna okumangalisayo.
