Iklabishi ingenye yezitshalo ezinkulu zemifino. Kutshalwe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba ngenhloso yokusetshenziswa, futhi futhi njengesitshalo somuthi nesimhlobiso. Ukuthi akukho nsimu yemifino ongakwenza ngaphandle kweklabishi ebonisa ukuthi ukuzinakekela akulona nzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isivuno esikhulu singatholakala kuphela ngenhlangano yokunisela nokufaka umanyolo efanele. Amathiphu ukuthi ungayidla kaningi iklabishi endle ekushiseni nasesimo sezulu esivamile, sikukhethile ngezansi.
Izimo zokunisela
Iklabishi udinga ukungenisa umswakama okwanele. Iqiniso liwukuthi uhlelo lwempande luncane, kodwa ama-leaf apparatus anamandla. Amaqabunga anika amanzi amaningi, kepha izimpande azibheki nomsebenzi wokugcwalisa umswakama.
Zijwayele ubuchwepheshe bokulima balolu hlobo lweklabishi: Beijing, broccoli, ukholifulawa, kohlrabi, pak-choi, kale, romanesco, iklabishi ebomvu, i-savoy.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngenkathi eyomile, njengoba uhlelo lwempande yeklabishi lusezingeni elingenhla lomhlabathi, okuyinto yokuqala imile ekushiseni. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyadingeka ekuthuthukiseni kwakhe okujwayelekile nokusekelwa kwempilo. Umbuso ofanelekile wamanzi uholela ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kwamaqabunga angaphakathi, ukwakhiwa kwekhanda elinomsoco weklabishi nokuqoqwa kwesisindo esikhulu esitshalo.
Ukunisela imifino kunconywa. ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ngakho ungakwazi ukugwema ukushisa, ngoba ilanga namanje noma alinamandla kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokudla kwasemini, umswakama uphuthuma ngokushesha emhlabathini, kanti lesi sitshalo asinaso isikhathi sokuthola okwanele.
Izidingo zamanzi
Iklabishi ezwelayo futhi efuna imingcele yamanzi. Ukushisa okungalungile kwamanzi kungabangela imiphumela engathandeki. Ukuphuza ngamanzi abandayo kuholela ezifweni, ukuthuthukiswa okungalungile kwezitho zomuntu ngamunye, ukufa kwezitshalo ezincane kakhulu, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhambisana nombuso wokushisa wokunisela kuyoba kubalulekile kokubili esigabeni sokutshala kanye nasesiteji sokutshala kakade sitshalwe endaweni evulekile.
Kubalulekile! Izidingo zemingcele yamanzi yokunisela zifana nazo zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi ezitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile noma ovaliwe.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuqala ngezithombo, masibe ngumthetho ukuthatha kuphela izinga lokushisa elithile lokunisela. kusuka 18 ° С kuya ku 23 ° С. Lona okuthiwa "ukushisa ekamelweni". Kungenzeka ukufezekisa imingcele enjalo ngokuthululela amanzi kusengaphambili ukuphuzisa kusukela kumathonysi ukuya ebhakedeni ukuze kuvuselelwe ngokujwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi uketshezi alugcini, ngoba ukuchelela ngamanzi ashisayo nakho akuthandeki.
Ngaphambi kokugcina amanzi, uzobona elinye i-parameter ebalulekile - ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngamanzi ahleliwe. Futhi kufanelekile ukuchelela kwamanzi ahlanzekile namanzi ezikhungweni.
Kangaki ukuphuza iklabishi
Ngaphezu kokushisa kwamanzi okunisela, abalimi nabo banesithakazelo ukuthi iklabishi kufanele iphuze kaningi kangakanani. Phela, lesi sitshalo sithandwa ngumswakama futhi, singatholi inani elanele lomswakama, singafa noma singanikezi isivuno esihle. Imvamisa yokunisela iyoxhomeka kwimingcele eminingana:
- kusuka ekuvuthweni;
- phezu kwezinhlobo zezilwane;
- uhlobo lomhlabathi.
Uyazi? Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi igama leklabishi livela kumazwi asendulo esiGreki namaRoma "Kaputum", okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ikhanda". Kukhona futhi izinguqulo ukuthi ukhokho wegama lemifino kwakuyigama elithi "cap" (ikhanda), elilingamaCelt.
Kuye ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa
Iklabishi yokuqala kufanele iphuze okungenani izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezine ngezikhathi ezithile, isikhathi esiphakathi futhi sekwephuzile okungenani izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha. Imvamisa enhle yokunisela:
- iklabishi yokuqala: izinsuku ezimbili emva kokutshala, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-8-10 emva kwalokho;
- for iklabishi sekwephuzile: okokuqala - ngosuku lokutshala, owesibili - emva kwesonto, okwesithathu-yesihlanu - esigabeni sokwakheka kwesitolo, yesithupha-yesishiyagalolunye - ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwekhanda, okwesishiyagalolunye neshumi - lapho ikhanda lilungele kahle.
Uyazi? Iklabishi iphakathi kwemifino, abameleli bayo abanamantombazane batshaya amakhasi e-Guinness Book of Records. Iklabishi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlophe yatshalwe yi-American John Evans. Walinganisa 34.4 kg. Umuntu ofanayo ubamba irekhodi lokutshala ukholifulawa omkhulu - enesisindo esingu 14.1 kg.Ukukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lomswakama lomhlabathi aliwi ngaphansi kwezingu-80%, sekwephuzile - hhayi ngaphansi kwama-75%. Ngezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, ukukhathazeka kakhulu kumele kuhanjiswe ngoJuni, ngoba kamuva - ngo-Agasti. Ukuntuleka komswakama kuthinta izinhlobo zakuqala ngokushesha.
Kusukela ekubukeni
Imvamisa yokunisela ixhomeke kakhulu kuhlobo lweklabishi. Izincomo zethu zithintekile izinhlobo ezimhlophe. Uma uzibuza ukuthi ungamanzi kaningi kangakanani amanzi, khona-ke kuphakanyiswa ukuba wenze lokhu masonto onke, esimweni esomile - izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto. Ivolumu ephakanyisiwe - amalitha angu-10 ngehora elilodwa. m
Lapho ukhulisa iklabishi, abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kunesidingo yini ukuba badonsa izithombo, kunokuba zikhule, indlela yokulondoloza isivuno.
Ukubuka okubomvu - enye yesimiso esinamandla kakhulu, ngoba isistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile. Le iklabishi idinga ukuphuziswa kakhulu.
Lapho ukhula i-broccoli inhlabathi kufanele ihlale i-hydrated njalo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba lwamamitha angu-40 lumanzi. Ukuphuzisa kwenziwa masonto onke. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi - 12-15 amalitha ngehora elilodwa. m
Kohlrabi futhi EBrussels zidinga ukuchelela okuvamile, okuvame futhi okuvamile. Izindinganiso eziphakanyisiwe zalezi zinhlobo zingacatshangwa njengalezo ezibekwe ezinhlobonhlobo ze-albino.
Iklabishi yaseBeijing wanisela ukujula kwama-20 cm masonto onke. Indlela engcono yokuphuza ukufafaza.
Kusukela kuhlobo lomhlabathi
Izitshalo zemifino ezitshalwe emhlabathini owumdinga zidinga amanzi okungenani amahlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ngenkathi ngayinye. Ukuze inhlabathi enzima futhi enezinyosi, ukunyuka okuncane okudinga njalo kuyadingeka - izikhathi ezintathu kuya ezine ngesikhathi ngasinye.
Ukudla iklabishi akuthandi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane eziningi: i-aphid, i-whitefly, i-bear, ihlaya, i-slugs, i-fleas.
Kusukela esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa
Uma unesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi ungayidla kaningi iklabishi ngemuva kokufika, khona-ke kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, isitshalo esisodwa sidinga okungenani 2-3 amalitha ngesikhathi noma amalitha angu-8 ngehora elilodwa. m. Ukuqina okunjalo kuyodingeka amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.
I-hydration enkulu kakhulu yezitshalo zemifino iyadingeka ngesikhathi sokwakheka nokukhula kwamakhanda. Isikhathi sonke, inani lokunisela liyancipha kancane kancane. Kwanele kanye ngesonto. Kulokhu, ivolumu yetshezi iyanda 12 amalitha per square 1. m.
Ukuhamba komswakama kuya esitshalweni kufanele kuzinze. Uma kunoma yisiphi sezigaba zentuthuko kwakukhona ukusweleka kwayo, ngokuqinisekile kuzosithinta imifino. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukungabi nesikhumbuzo esanele esigabeni sokuqothula, bese kusungulwa ukuchelela okuningi, kuzoholela ekukhuleni okusebenzayo kwamaqabunga angaphakathi futhi, ngokufanayo, ukuqothula okwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ukuphahlaza kuzovela emifino.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamakhanda, amasonto amabili noma amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukumanzisa inhlabathi. Izinhlobo ezindala ziyeka ukunisela inyanga ngaphambi kokusika.
Kubalulekile! Umswakama owengeziwe ungabangela nemiphumela emibi. Yandisa isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kweklabishi, sidonsa izimfanelo zayo zokuthutha nge-oda lobukhulu, kunciphisa ubude bokugcina ikhwalithi.
Iklabishi kanye nokunisela ukuchelela
Iklabishi inconywa ukuba iphuze ngezindlela ezintathu:
- eduze kwemifula;
- ukufafaza;
- ukuvuza.
Kuhle kakhulu ukuphuza imifino emhlabathini ovulekile endleleni yokudonsa. Ngemva kokutshala isitshalo semifino, kubalulekile ukubeka ipayipi yokunisela. Kunconywa ukuba uhambisane nemigomo elandelayo:
- ipayipi ububanzi - 1.6 cm;
- izikhathi phakathi kwamathambo amanzi - 30 cm.
Izinga lokunisela lokulinganisa ngezinhlobo zakuqala ngaphambi kokuqala kokubunjwa kwamakhanda ngamalitha angama-55 ngehora elilodwa. m, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamakhanda - ama-70 amalitha ngehora elilodwa. m. Ngezinhlobo zakamuva, lesi sinani singukuthi: ngaphambi kokukhuluma - amalitha angama-90 ngesigca se-1. m, ngesikhathi sokuhamba - 100-110 amalitha ngehora elilodwa. m
Izinga eliphakeme lomswakama wangaphambi kokunisela umhlabathi weklabishi yakuqala esigabeni ngaphambi kokuba uhambe u-80% HB, phakathi nesikhathi esiyinhloko yi-90% HB. Ngezinhlobo zakamuva, lezi zimiso zizoba: 75% ngaphambi kokuhamba, u-80% - esigabeni sokwenza amakhanda.
Inhlabathi imisa ukujula kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala neziphuzile: ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwamakhanda - 25-30 cm, ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwamakhanda - 35-40 cm.
Isikhathi sokunisela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemifino kufanele kube: ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwamakhanda - amahora amathathu, ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwamakhanda - amahora angu-2-2.5
Uhlelo lokunisela:
- ezindaweni ezihlala emahlathini - ezinhlanu-eziyisithupha (ngesimo sezulu esimanzi), eziyisithupha nesikhombisa (ngonyaka owomile);
- ezindaweni ezise-steppe - 8-11 (4-6 ngaphambi kokuhamba, 4-5 ngemuva).
Isikhathi esiphakathi kokuchelela kumele sibe kusuka ezinsukwini ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-10. Ukulungiswa kwesimiso kwenziwa ngokwendlela yokwakhiwa kwemishini yenhlabathi kanye nokutholakala kwemvula.
Uyazi? Akukaqali ukuthi yini ngempela lesi sitshalo esiyi-progenitor of iklabishi. Kunezinguqulo eziningana ngalokhu. Ngokusho kocwaningi ngabanye ososayensi, ogwini lwaseLwandle iMedithera kufanele lubhekwe njengendawo yokuhlala kuyo. Abanye bavame ukucabanga ukuthi imifino isakaze ezweni laseGeorgia yanamuhla.
Inhlanganisela yokuphuza nokudla
Kuhle ukufeza amanzi kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu. Lapho ukhula ukuhweba, eyodwa noma amabili yokuphakelayo kwe-NPK20 kuyodingeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesikhathi somanyolo wesibili kuyadingeka ukunciphisa inani le-nitrogen bese ukwandisa inani le-potassium.
Ekhaya kufanele kwenziwe izingubo ezimbili kuya kwezine. Ukunisela nokufaka umquba kufanele kuhlanganiswe nokukhulula inhlabathi.
Iklabishi iyitshalo ebalulekile yemifino ebalulekile. Iqukethe amavithamini amaningi (A, B1, B6, C, K, P), ama-fibre, ama-enzyme, ama-phytoncides, amafutha, ama-micro- kanye nama-macroelements (i-phosphorus, isulfure, i-potassium, i-calcium, njll.), Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo i-calorium ephansi, yokudla umkhiqizo. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali acebile kwaholela ekutheni lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukusebenzelana ngemithi yendabuko kanye ne-cosmetology.
Kulula ukutshala isitshalo segadi, kodwa kunakekelwa kakhulu ukuphuzisa. Ngaphandle kokulandela umbuso wokunisela ekuvuneni okuhle akudingeki ukubala. Futhi ukuthi ungamanzi kanjani iklabishi, usuyazi kakade.
