Ukubukeka kwemifino eminingi yemifino ayishintshi phakathi neminyaka - isitshalo ngasinye sinendawo yaso, esivela kuso. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bezolimo buletha izithelo eziqinile, kodwa akucabangi ukuthi ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi kungashintsha, futhi izitshalo kufanele zishintshwe, zibeke "emaceleni" afanelekile. Labo abafuna ukuvuna isitshalo esikhulu, zama ukusebenzisa imiqondo emisha yokulima i-dacha. Sifunda kabanzi ngeyodwa yalezi zindlela, uma sicabangele ukuthi yi-permaculture, indlela yokusebenzisa lesi siqondiso.
Kuyini lokhu?
Le ndlela ihilela ukuklama isayithi ngokusekelwe kwendalo yemvelo. Umgomo wakhe ukudala uhlelo oluvumelanayo, ngayinye yezici zazo ezihlotshaniswa nomunye. Inendima ebalulekile inikezwe ekubonweni, imiphumela ebonisa ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezenzelwe kwisakhiwo esivamile. Yebo, kubonakala sengathi uhlobo lwefilosofi. Uma kulula ukukusho, khona-ke ku-permaculture yensimu noma engadini, indima yomakhi oyingqayizivele eyakhiwe izitshalo ezifanele kakhulu inikezwa. Kubo, abalandeli bale ndlela bahlanganisa izilwane nezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene. Futhi konke lokhu akufanele kuphazamise umngane, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, wongeze.
Kubalulekile! Kuyasiza ukunquma i-asidi yenhlabathi. Kukhona indlela elula: ukubeka ingilazi ebusweni obumnyama, uthele 1 tsp kuso. inhlabathi, ukuphuza kancane ngeviniga engu-9%. Umhlabathi omuncu ngeke unikeze iphunga, kanti umhlabathi we-alkaline uzokhiqiza "ikhefu" elicebile nelinamandla.Igumbi lesisekelo lale ndlela ukuqonda izimo zendawo kanye nezici zensimu ngokwayo. Lokhu kungukuthi, zonke izici zicatshangelwa - inani lezinsuku ezishisayo nelanga, isikhathi sehlobo, ukutholakala nemikhuba yezilwane.
Qaphela futhi ugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwama-biomaterials - zonke izinhlobo zamakhemikhali azifakiwe. 
Umlando wemvelaphi
Umqondo wenkambiso eqhubekayo kwezolimo ezithandwa yizinto eziphilayo nezithakazelo ze-agronomists ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho kuphakanyiswa umbuzo wokushiya ukulima, okwakukhona abalandeli abambalwa. Bathi ukulima okunjalo komhlaba ngaleyo ndlela kungaholela ekubukeni kwezindawo zasendle ezindaweni zemifino evundile.
Uyazi? Enye ye-ecovillages yokuqala ibuyele emuva ngo-1968 i-Acroville. Njengamanje, abantu abangaba ngu-1 200 bezizwe ezingama-30 bahlala kule "City of Dawn".Ukuguquka kwaba ukuphenduka kweminyaka 1960-1970. Ngaleso sikhathi, ijubane lokulima, kanye nokusetshenziswa kohlobo lokubulala ukhula lwafinyelela phezulu. Kwaphikiswa ukuphikiswa kwamagatsha agronomists, aqala ukuvusa izimiso ezikhohliwe zokulima unomphela futhi athuthukise uhlelo oluzinzile.
Imithetho yokuqala yokulima okukhiqizayo yenziwa ngumlimi waseJapane nesayensi yezinkanyezi uMasanobu Fakuoka. Encwadini ethi "The Revolution of a Straw" (1975), wanezela ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe - ngaleso sikhathi, umbhali wayengalimi izwe esakhiweni sakhe iminyaka engu-25. Lo msebenzi ubhekwa njengokubalulekile kulo lonke uhlangothi. 
Ngo-1978, umqulu wokuqala wencwadi ethi "Permaculture" washicilelwa, ababhali bawo babengama-Australiya uDavid Holmgren noBill Mollison. Le ncwadi yakuthola ukusabela okubanzi, kakade kuma-80s ama-eco-settlements aqala ukuvela - lo mbono wadlula ngaphezu kohlaka lwezolimo futhi waqala ukuthinta ezindabeni zokwakhiwa nokwakhiwa.
Imisebenzi emisha endabeni ye "eco-processing" ivela njalo. I-Permaculture esekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kukaSepp Holzer ithandwa kakhulu endaweni yethu. Umlimi wase-Austria uqale wabheka inhlabathi "enzima" nokuhlala endlini ezimweni ezimbi zezulu, ukubhala izincwadi eziningana.
Funda indlela yokuhlela isakhiwo, indlela yokulinganisa isakhiwo e-dacha, ukwakha ikamelo elingaphakathi, indlela yokwenza ama-Rockeries nokusakaza okumile, indlela yokwenza i-gazebo ukunikeza, indlela yokuklama ingadi.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo
Manje ake sithole indlela le mbono ehlanganiswa ngayo ekusebenzeni, yiziphi izimiso le "agro-education" esekelwe. Qaphela ukuthi kumuntu onokubukwa kwendabuko engadini, ukuthunyelwa kwamasu kanye namasu kuzobukeka kungavamile, kodwa kukhona okusanhlamvu okunengqondo kuwo. 
I-ecosystem elinganiselayo
Indima ebalulekile idlalwe ukusebenzisana okubushelelezi kuzo zonke izingxenye zesayithi. Permaculture incike kulokhu:
- Inhlanganisela ekhiqizayo kakhulu yazo zonke izakhi. Isibonelo esilula ukuhlelwa kwenkomo yenkukhu. Kufanele ibekwe eduze kwemibhede nemifino. Ngenxa yalokho, ukhula nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo zizohamba ukondla izinyoni, futhi udoti abawuthuthukile asetshenziswa njengomanyolo.
- Isimiso sokuhlukahluka kwemvelo - zonke izakhi ziyanelisa, futhi azihlanganyeli.
- Multifunctional. Uma sithatha amagatsha emithi, ngeke kube yilawo mafutha kuphela, kodwa futhi i-mulch, enothile inhlabathi nge-nitrogen.
- Ukuze kulungiswe kangcono, kubalulekile ukwazi zonke izici ze-agrotechnical zesakhiwo esithile - ukuthi zivame kangakanani nokuthi zihlwanyelwe kanjani ngaphambili, yiziphi izinhlobo ezitshalwe, ukuthi isimo sezulu sasinjani kanye nama-nuances afanayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa okunomsoco kwamandla alanga (ngakho-ke kunezakhiwo eziningi zokugcina izithombo ezindaweni ezinjalo) nokuvunwa kwamanzi emvula ngokulahlekelwa okuncane. Kuzodingeka sicabange ngendawo yokugubha izigubhu ezinkulu zokugcina isitoreji.
Kubalulekile! Isu lokulima okuqhubekayo alunikeli ukuvuna amaqabunga ekwindla, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisa kwalo.Njengoba ubona, i-permaculture ayinakucabangeki ngaphandle kwenhlanganisela efanelekayo yemithombo etholakalayo, kuhlanganise nemvelo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo
Yiqiniso, kufanele kube ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Esikhathini yizinsiza kuphela ezivuselelekayo. Ngezizathu eziningi, lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani izindawo ezinjalo zokuhlala ezincane zihlwanyelwe kakhulu nezihlahla kanye nohlaza.
Uyazi? Sekuyisikhathi eside i-World Network of Ecosettlements isebenza, enezifunda zesifunda eYurophu, e-Asia naseMelika. Kukhona ukujoyina njengezinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nezinye izindawo ezinkulu.Izihlahla zinika izitshalo, zinike umthunzi ehlobo elishisayo futhi zihlanze umoya. Izibonelo ezindala noma ezigulayo zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokwenza izihlalo nezinye izinto. Uma uqalise kuwo emanzini amaningi, ngaleyo ndlela ukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwenhlabathi.
Lokhu kunomphumela onenzuzo otshanini okhulayo eduze - lokho okuthiwa umphumela wamngcele uyatholakala. 
Futhi zikhona izibonelo eziningi ezinjalo. Izinhlobo ezingabuyiselwayo zokwakha izinto zamacebo azama ukusebenzisa noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okungenani. Ngokufanayo, amalahle afanayo, athathwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ayikho imfucuza
Konke kulula lapha - konke okungabuyekezwa kabusha kusetshenziswa kabusha. Utshani obuswakama shrunken, amagatsha, iphepha, ukuhlanza kusuka ekhishini kuqala ebhizinisini "elisha", kodwa ngokufaka okunye okufakiwe. Lena inqubo echitha isikhathi esifanele, kepha umphumela uyoba indawo ehlanzekile ngaphandle kwedoti "eziqhingini."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqwaba yemfucuza etholakalayo phakathi nenkathi ingagcinwa emgodini wokuquba umquba, lapho izocubungulwa khona izimpethu futhi esikhathini esithile kamuva izosetshenziselwa umquba emibhede. Yile indlela enye isimiso esasetshenziswa ngayo, okuwukusetshenziswa kwesifunda semvelo.
Ungakhohlwa amacala amaningi kunzima. Izakhamuzi ze-ecovillages zikhishwa imishini kuphela ephukile ngokuphelele, engasakwazi ukulungisa. 
Ukuklama isayithi nokuklanywa
Umklamo kufanele uhlanganise ubuhle nokusebenza, futhi indlela ye-permaculture kule ndaba ngeke ibe yinto ehlukile. Ukuhlela kuhlelwe ngendlela yokuqeda ukunyakaza okungadingekile, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula umsebenzi. Kuyinto elula, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinkulu.
Kubalulekile! Ukuxuba umuthi kanye nezitshalo utshani kuthathwa njengesibopho. Kungashiwo ukuthi izingadi zaseJapane zilungile kulokhu.Insimu yonke isesimweni esihlukanisiwe sibe yizigaba ezinhlanu, ezihlukile emvamisa wokuvakashelwa. Lapha kukhona:
- Idijithi nenkukhu yezinkukhu (1 no-2) eduze nendlu. Iningi lomsebenzi lenziwa lapha. Imifino itshalwe emngceleni wayo, ongasetshenziselwa ukondla izinkukhu.
- Emkhawulweni "wezingxenye ezimbili no-3, izihlahla zezitshalo zitshalwe, ezithathwa yizinhlobo" zezimboni ", zinikeza ukudla kanye nezinto zokwakha.
- Amapulazi emfuyo (indawo 4) athathwa "kocingo."
- I-Zone yesi-5 ayifakashelwa kakhulu. Lezi yizinsimu ze-hay eziseduze namahlathi.
Nakhu okunye okuphawulekayo kwalendlela yokulima kubonakala - kuklanyelwe kakhulu imiphakathi emikhulu enezindawo eziningi.Umnikazi wangasese emahektare angama-6 awusongeli lolo hlobo, nakuba yena, uma ethanda, angaletha leli cottage kuze kube sezingeni lemvelo.
Into esemqoka - ukubala zonke izici zomhlabathi kanye nendawo yezakhiwo.
Khona-ke ungakwazi ukuhlomisa insimu yendlu, utshale imibhede kanye nensimu ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imigomo ye-permaculture.
Izakhiwo ezivela ezintweni zemvelo
Sisazi ukuthi sidinga imithombo yemvelo kuphela, futhi okokuqala - izinkuni. 
Kuyoba isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwezindlu, ukuchithwa noma i-arbor. Ngokwakhiwa okukhulu kwezindlu uthathe izingodo. Ngokuvame kakhulu ukuthi i-pine eluhlaza. Inezinzuzo eziningi, phakathi kwazo ukuthi ukusabalalisa nezindleko eziphansi zivela kuphi.
Nge-spruce kancane kancane - izinkuni ziyakhathazeka, nakuba kugcina ukushisa kungcono. Futhi okungcono kakhulu kokukhethwa kukho okukhona kuzoba yi-larch, okuyinto ehlala njalo. Ukwehliswa okungeziweko kuthatha umsila, esikhundleni sokugqoka ingilazi.
Uyazi? Enye yezindawo zokuqala zokuhlala emphakathini eRussia kwakungumzana waseKitezh, owaqala ukuxazululwa ngo-1992. Kanye naye esigabeni sokuqala sama-90s kwakunguTiberkul, Grishino neNevoekovil.Esakhiweni singatholakala kanye nezinye izinto, lapho ubeka ukuthi uzama ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zokwenziwa. Lokhu kukhathazeka, okokuqala, ngamachibi. Okufanelekile, kufanele ibe ngumhlabathi kuphela, ngaphandle kokugqoka "i-sole" kanye ne-film.
Ukumba ukulahla
Inqubo esemqoka ye-agrotechnical ebangela ingxabano evuthayo. Kusho ukulahlwa noma yikuphi ukuphenduka nokukhululeka kwenhlabathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kanjani - ngefosholo noma ukulima.
Abagqugquzeli bale ndlela babona njengethuba lokubuyisela ukulinganisela kwenhlabathi, okungenakwenzeka ngokucubungula kwendabuko. Banezimpikiswano ezizwakalayo, kuhlanganise nokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhululeka kwemvelo kwenhlabathi kuthuthukiswa ngomsebenzi wezibungu.
Engeza lapha inkinga yokhula, ekugcineni eyanyamalala - futhi izinzuzo zale nqubo zizobonakala.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ukuthola ibhalansi elungile, okudambisa abaningi. Nakuba emnothweni wemvelo (okungukuthi, umnotho omncane), izinguquko ezinjalo zivame ukungabonakali - izithelo zihlala zifanayo. 
Kodwa ubunzima bokukhula buyancipha kancane kancane, okuyi-plus.
Sebenzisa utshani
Isetshenziswa kabanzi kakhulu.
Okokuqala, kuyinto enhle kakhulu kumathamini. Idiliza ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ungabeka ungqimba obukhulu. Umswakama kanye ne-oksijini ngesikhathi esifanayo kudlulela emhlabathini ngaphandle kobunzima. Ehlobo, bayifaka emibhedeni yemifino noma yemibhede, futhi ngesikhathi esibandayo bahlanganisa izihlahla zemithi nezihlahla.
I-straw nayo isetshenziselwa ukutshala amazambane, ngokuba ama-mushroom ekhulayo, ama-strawberry ama-mulching kanye nomanyolo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshani lubuye lusebenze ngokuthi "impahla yokwakha" yemibhede yemifino. Yenza okufana nalokhu:
- Thatha amabhaluni avuna kusukela ehlobo ngaphandle kokungcola kwamafutha (imbewu enokhula ingaba kuyo).
- Ekwindla, ama-bales ahlangene amawele noma ama-twine ahlelwe emigqeni, enendawo yokuhlukanisa imigqa ka-55-70 cm. Amakhadibhodi noma iphepha elidala lifakwa ngaphansi kwazo.
- Uhlobo luyanisela kakhulu ngezinyoni zezinyoni, ukugcina umswakama kuze kube seqhwa kuqala.
- Entwasahlobo (cishe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala), ama-bales ayanisela futhi agqugquzelwe ngendwangu yokhuni lomlotha, isidlo se-bone noma i-litter, exutshwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, imithombo yenziwe, ngezinye izikhathi yanezela izingcosana ezimbalwa zomhlaba ukuze zithuthuke kangcono. Imbewu noma izithombo ezifafazwe ngezingqimba ezincane.
- Ihlala isetshenzisiwe ngesikhathi futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukubeka ama-tapestries ngezinhlobo ezikhuphukayo.
Emva kokuvuna utshani luzobola, lungashiyelwa umquba noma uthunyelwe emgodini womquba.Kubalulekile! Le ndlela ihlukaniswa nokuguquguquka kokujikeleza kwezitshalo - "ukwakheka" kwezitshalo, uma kunesidingo, izinguquko ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezithile. Ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobo eziningana kuhlawulelwa yisiphithiphithi esijwayelekile sesayithi.
Ungaqala kanjani i-newbie?
Unesithakazelo ku-permaculture, abaningi bacabanga ngokuyisebenzisa kusukela ekuqaleni.
Yisho ngesikhathi esisodwa - ube nesineke esihle.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kudingekile ukuthi ushintshe ngokujulile isitayela sokulima kuphela.
Ukwenqaba ukulima lapha ngeke kwenzeke, udinga ukulungisa kahle isayithi ngokwawo. I-Agrotehnika "ngokusho kwe-Holzer" incishiswe ekusetshenzisweni kwamathambo amaningi kanye nemibhede yesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi (ngokuvamile kuvunguza). Cabanga ukuthi ungabahlomisa yini engadini encane. 
Ukuze uhlole ngamandla akho amandla, qaphela amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Ngisho nangaphambi kokushintshela kumasu amasha, bheka ama-dachas angomakhelwane - yikuphi ngempela okukhulayo lapho, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezamukelwa ngokuzethemba. Qaphela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo "zomakhelwane" phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ezivame kakhulu. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba ukhethe okulungile kokutshala.
- Cabanga ngalemininingwane yekusasa elizayo ngokubhekisela ezimweni ezithile (indawo, ukuphumula, indawo yezakhiwo kanye namanzi).
- Ungesabi ukuhlukahluka okuhlukanisa indawo. Lokhu kungavamile, ngoba eziningi zezitshalo zendabuko yezindawo zokuhlala ezibhekwa njenge-eco-settlements zibhekwa njengokhula.
- Ukubala ngokuphelele konke okukhethwa kukho kwamanzi, ukunaka ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwamanzi. Okufanayo kuya ekushiseni.
- Uma kukhona izinkukhu noma izinkomo, lungisa indawo yemibhede kubo. Ngakho-ke kuyoba lula ukusebenzisa umanyolo obangelwayo.
Uyazi? Ama-eco-villages efilosofi athathwa kancane kancane yiziqhingi zomndeni, ezinika imali engenayo. Lo mkhuba ubonwe iminyaka engu-15 edlule.Ngaphambi kokubuyela ekusetshenzisweni kwazo zonke izimiso ezingenhla, cabanga futhi ukuthi kufanelekile ukuthatha umsebenzi onzima kangaka. Ngenxa yalokhu kubalulekile ukucabangela zonke izinzuzo nezindleko zesinqumo esinjalo.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
Abasekeli bomqondo "ohlangene ohlangene" bafaka phambili ngalezi zincumo:
- ukuthola imikhiqizo enobungozi;
- ukunciphisa umthwalo we-technogenic emhlabathini;
- cishe ugcwalise "ukuzilawula" komhlabathi, okuvumela isikhathi eside ukuba wenze ngaphandle kokufaka umquba omningi;
- akukho udoti, konke kuya ebhizinisini.
- amandla okusebenza kancane;
- isivuno esihle nesisimeme;
- izindleko ezincane zokunakekela izitshalo.
- Ekugcineni, kuhle kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Phumelela indlela enjalo enhle kungcono endaweni evikelekile kahle, engabandakanyi ukubukeka kwezivakashi ezingahambelwanga.Kodwa kukhona elinye iphuzu lokubuka. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okusetshenziselwa "ukuhlanzeka" kwemvelo ezimweni zethu kunikeza umphumela ongathandeki ensimini. Phakathi kwezimpikiswano zabo, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi:
- ukubunzima kokushintshela kumodeli omusha "encane" encane ";
- ukuqina okukhulu komsebenzi ekuqaleni;
- ukulinda isikhathi eside isivuno esikhulu;
- ukuhluleka kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ukuze kuphele amaqhwa abanda kakhulu nabanda;
- isidingo sokuba khona njalo kuleli zwe, okuyinto engeyona into engokoqobo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ukusebenzisa zonke lezi zinto noma cha akuyona indaba yokunambitheka, kodwa ngamathuba. Kukhona okunye okunye, umzuzu nje ongokwengqondo. Uma usuzimisele ukuhlela "ihlathi" phakathi kombambiswano we-dacha, zama ukuchazela omakhelwane bakho ukuthi izimila ezinjalo ezinotshani akuzona ukhula.Ngakho, kuzovimbela izingxabano ezingase zibe khona.
Ufunde umehluko phakathi kwe-permaculture eluhlaza kanye nokulima kwendabuko.
Sithemba ukuthi le datha izocacisa futhi isize ekutholeni uhlobo olufanele kakhulu lokugcina indlu. Izinhlobonhlobo ezengeziwe nokuvuna ukurekhoda!
