Izici kanye nezici zokugcina izitshalo

I-greenhouse yezimboni yinsimu ebizwa ngokuthi i-garden, okusho ukuthi isakhiwo esikhulu esenzelwe ukunikeza izimo ezidingekayo zokutshala izitshalo.

Inhloso nezici

Basebenzisa izithombo zokugcina ezimbonini epulazini ngokutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene kanye neminye imikhiqizo efanayo ngesikhathi singeke sikhule emasimini noma emasimini ekhishini. Indawo yezivande ezinjalo zivame ukufika ku-1000 m2, futhi ukuphakama cishe ku-7 m. Ubukhulu obunjalo bunquma ubuchwepheshe bokushisa. Kunezici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe kwezobuchwepheshe bokukwakha isakhiwo sokushisa okukhiqizwa ezimbonini, njengoba sithonya imiphumela yokugcina yokusebenza kwayo:

• ukugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo emthamo omkhulu wesitshalo;
• besebenzisa imishini efanele ukuhlinzeka nokulawula ukukhanya nokushisa;
• ukulondolozwa kwemingcele edingekayo yomsebenzi ezimweni zokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyisisekelo lapho kuzoshiswa khona ukushisa;
• ukuhlelwa kwezindleko ngeyunithi yokukhiqiza.

Izinhlobo zokugcina izithombo

Ukuze kutholakale ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kwemikhiqizo encintisanayo, ehluke kakhulu ngokujwayelekile kokutshala kwezitshalo zezitshalo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukhetho olufanele uhlobo oluthile lokushisa. Izingadi zanamuhla zasendlini zasendlini zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokuvumelana nalezi zindlela: indlela yokusebenza, ukuma nobukhulu, ukuklama, ubuchwepheshe bezitshalo ezikhulayo, izici zobuchwepheshe.

Kuye ngokusebenza

Njengoba sinikezwe indlela yokusetshenziswa kwe-greenhouse, zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:

1. Isizini - izakhiwo ezisebenza kusukela ngoMashi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Uhlelo olunjalo lulula futhi alubiza kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ebusika, inhlabathi ezindaweni zokugcina izitshalo zonyaka, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ingaba yande kancane eminyakeni embalwa;
2. Unyaka wonke - izakhiwo zezimboni zokutshala izitshalo, lapho ungathola khona isivuno nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Njengomthetho, kudingeka imali eningi yokwakha lolu hlobo lwezindawo zokugcina izithombo. Kodwa-ke, isici sesici sezinkampani zonyaka wonke ukuzuza kwayo futhi kubuyiselwa esikhathini esifushane.

Kubalulekile! Ukwakhiwa kwesibamba sokushisa unyaka wonke ukukhiqizwa okubanzi kufaka nokutholakala kwesikhala esengeziwe semishini enkulu.

Ngokwesayizi nokuma

Inqubo yokwakha i-greenhouse yezimboni ibonisa ukulandelana kwezigaba ekuthuthukiseni ukwakhiwa: ukudweba imidwebo, ukwenza isakhiwo sohlaka, ukusebenza komhlaba, ukwakha isisekelo, ukumboza, ukufaka imishini yangaphakathi. Njengoba lokhu kuyi-industrial design, hhayi i-cottage ejwayelekile ehlobo, okwakhiwa kwayo, sidinga usizo lwabaqeqeshi abazosiza ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi eningiliziwe bese udweba imidwebo. Ukuze uqale ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi, kubalulekile ukucacisa ubukhulu nokuma kwesakhiwo.

Ubukhulu bezokugcina izitshalo zezimboni zihlukaniswe zibe ezincane, eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu, ngokujwayelekile, ubukhulu buxhomeke esikalini sokukhiqizwa okuhleliwe. Kuye ifomu, bahlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• Imigqa eqondile Izithombo zokugcina ezimila ngokuqondile zivame ukukhethwa ngezinhloso ezimbonini, njengoba zihleliwe zilula futhi ziningi kakhulu ngokuphathelene nokufaka.
• Kuhlelwe. Izakhiwo ezinjalo nazo zivamile, ngoba ziphikisana kakhulu nemimoya eqinile, zibhekene nenani elikhulu lemvula. Ngokukhetha le ndlela, unganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokugqoka ngaphandle kokunciphisa indawo yesakhiwo.

• I-Pointy. Zihluke ekugqeni kwephahla eliqondile, elingavumeli ukuthi izidumbu ziqoqe futhi azivimbeli ukungena kwelanga.

• Dvukhskatnye. Akuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengisi, ngoba lolu hlobo kufanele lubekezelele imithwalo esindayo, futhi lokhu kudinga uhlaka oluthe xaxa. Leli fomu li-arch eliphansi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile! Kukhona umyalelo othile wokuma kwezindawo zokushisa eziphephile ezihlobene namaphuzu asemakhadini. Kulezo zakhiwo ezitholakala enyakatho ye-60 ° enyakatho ye-latitude, ukuma kwe-latitudinal kuzosebenza ngokwengeziwe, eningizimu - i-meridional eyodwa.

Ngokuklama

Ukugqoka kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kokushisa okushisayo kwezimboni. Ngokuvamile lezi zakhiwo zezimboni zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokugqoka:

• I-Glass Izitshalo zokugcina izitshalo ezenziwe ngengilazi zibhekene nokudluliswa okuhle kokukhanya, okunomthelela omuhle ezitshalweni futhi, kamuva, ngesitshalo. Izinzuzo zeglasi phezu kwezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwama-greenhouse nazo zihlala ezindaweni ezinhle zokushisa ezishisayo zalesi sihloko kanye nentengo yakhe ephansi. Noma kunjalo, ingilazi inezinkinga eziningi eziphawulekayo. Okokuqala yisisindvo esindayo ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlaka ezingamelana nazo. Ngaphakathi kwezakhi zemibuko, umoya uyashisa ngokushesha, okuyinto enhle kuphela ebusika, nganoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi sonyaka umkhiqizo onjalo weglasi ungumbimbi, ngoba umphumela wokushisa ungase ulahlekelwe isitshalo, ingxenye noma yonke. Kanti futhi, lokhu kunzima ukubeka emigqeni yamapayipi, ngakho-ke, ukwenza ukugqoka kwesilazi, kufanelekile ukubala konke ngokucophelela.

• I-polycarbonate yeselula. Leli yizinto ezidumile kakhulu, okungaqondakali, ngoba izithombo zokugcina zokukhiqiza ze-polycarbonate zinezinzuzo eziningana: ukuthungwa okuhle kakhulu kokushisa; izindleko ezincane zokugcina imodi oyifunayo; ukusabalalisa kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet eyingozi ekutshaleni; ukuqina kwesakhiwo; ukuphepha okuhle komlilo (uma usebenzisa ingilazi, ifreyimu ingcono ukwenza ngokhuni, elula kalula); amandla; izindleko eziphansi zokugcinwa kwe-greenhouse; isisindo esincane, ukuze isivinini somsebenzi wokufaka sikhulu kunesibuko. Ukungalungi: ukukhishwa okulula - 85-90%, okuncane kakhulu kunelaseglasi.

Uyazi? Izakhiwo zokuqala zokumboza nokuvikela umhlaba - okubizwa ngokuthi izithombo zokugcina izithombo, ezavela eFrance ngekhulu le-16, zenziwe ngeglasi, ngoba ingilazi ngaleso sikhathi yayiwukuphela kwezinto ezitholakalayo ezidlulisela ukukhanya.

Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe

• Umhlabathi (inhlabathi) / ungenasici. Izingxube zomhlabathi zisetshenziselwa inhlabathi, kucatshangelwa izici nezidingo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo. Ukuhlukana okungafani ekusetshenzisweni kwe-hydroponic noma i-aeroponic ngaphandle kwezinhlanganisela zenhlabathi.

• Rack / bestillazhnye. Esikhathini esiyingqayizivele somkhiqizo okhulile emashalofini, ehlome ngamabhodi. Enye indlela - bestelazhny lapho izitshalo zikhona phansi.

• Hydroponic / i-aeropic. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushisa kwe-hydroponic, izitshalo zihlonywe ngezixazululo ezinomsoco wezingxube zomsoco, ezifaka ingxenye ekhethekile yokweseka, eyenza imisebenzi yenhlabathi. Indlela yezinto zokuphila ayihlinzeki ngokusetshenziswa kwanoma yimaphi ama-substrates. Esikhundleni salokho, basebenzisa amabakaki aneziqeshana, lapho izitshalo zihleli khona.

Funda indlela yokutshala izitshalo ze-strawberries, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, imifino e-hydroponics.

Ngezizathu zobuchwepheshe

• Ukuzala.
• Imifino
• Kuhlangene.
• Flower.

Uyazi? Kukholelwa ukuthi izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezihloselwe ukutshala izimbali zikhokha ngokushesha. Emva konyaka ngemuva kokwakhiwa, leli pulazi seluvele lisebenzela inzuzo.

Imishini yokushisa eyengeziwe

Ngenxa yokuthi emasimini ahlanganisiwe, izitshalo azizwa zithonya elingaphandle (imvula, izinga lokushisa emoyeni) ngaphandle kokukhanya, zonke izimo kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngosizo lwamadivayisi akhethekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziselwa imishini ekhethekile yokushisa. Kungcono ukuyithenga ngesikhathi esisodwa njengezinto zokwakha, kusukela ekufakweni kwemishini edingekayo futhi konke ukuxhumana kwenzeka kulo lonke ukwakhiwa.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso othile wokushisa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Isixazululo sale nkinga ukufaka imishini ephezulu yokushisa, njengomthetho, ama-boiler anekhono eliphezulu. Ukushisa kungaba umoya, igesi noma isitofu. Okwesibili, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa kwamahhala lika-40 ° C, izitshalo ziba buthakathaka futhi zizofa maduzane. Ngakho-ke, engadini ehlanganisiwe kufanele kube uhlelo lokungenisa umoya olungeke ludale izinguquko zokushisa ngokuzumayo. Lezi, okokuqala, i-winds kanye ne-transoms eseduze nendawo yonke yesakhiwo. Kumele zifakwe engxenyeni engenhla yendawo yokushisa, ukuze umoya obandayo, ungene ngaphakathi, uphuze kancane uze ufinyelele ezitshalweni. Okwesithathu, njengoba inani elifanele lamanzi lingenye yezici zokuvunwa okuhle, kubalulekile ukufaka uhlelo lokutshala izitshalo, okumele lufake okuzenzakalelayo, i-subsurface kanye nokunisela ukuchelela kwe-greenhouse. Kufanele unikezwe ukufakwa kokufakwa ngamapompo, okuvumela ukuthi uhlunge futhi ulondoloze amanzi nomanyolo. Kudingeka uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Izinto zokusebenza zokugcina izitshalo kumele zibandakanye uhlelo lokuhlinzekela ukukhanya, ngaphandle kokuthi iyiphi imifino efanelekile yokuphila. Lezo ziko, ezivame ukutshala emasimini, zifuna ukukhanya okuphezulu okungenani amahora angu-9-10 ngosuku. Ukunciphisa ubude bemini ekwindla kungalungile kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukukhanya okufakelwayo kusetshenziselwa ngenkuthalo.

Ukukhanyisa ezindlini zokugcina izitshalo kubandakanya lapho izitshalo zingekho ukukhanya kwemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela zikhuphuka amahora okukhanya kwelanga. Njengomthetho, ukukhanya okufakelwayo kutholakala phezu kwezitshalo ezincane futhi kusetshenzwa kusihlwa, ekuseni nangesimo sezulu esibhakabhakeni. Ekukhetheni izibani zokukhanyisa ingadi yezimboni zasendlini, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezihloswe ngazo. Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile batusa i-fluorescent, i-halide ensimbi kanye nezibani ze-sodium.

Ukwakha i-greenhouse yezimboni kuyabiza futhi kunzima. Uma, ngokucabangela umphumela oyifunayo, ukucabangela yonke imininingwane ebalulekile bese ukhetha uhlobo olufanele, ukuma, impahla ye-greenhouse, isakhiwo esinjalo sikhokha ngokushesha futhi sinikeza inzuzo. Namuhla impahla ethandwa kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina izitshalo - i-polycarbonate.

Zijwayele ngezici zokusetshenziswa kwefilimu eqinisiwe yokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, kungani uyidinga nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani inetha le-shading, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zefilimu yokushisa okushisa.

Kodwa-ke, ukwaziswa okubamba ukushisa kanye nezitshalo ngokwabo - akukhona konke okudingekayo ukuze ukukhiqizwa kuphumelele. Kubalulekile ukukhetha nokufaka imishini yokushisa. Kumele kufake ukushisa, ukukhanyisa, ukuphuza umoya, ukutshala izitshalo kanye nokuhlunga kwamanzi.