I-Cherry

Cherry "Rubral Ural": izici kanye nokulima agrotechnics

I-Cherry "Ural Rubral" iyisihlahla esincane esifike ekuphakameni kwamamitha amabili nesigamu. Izithombe eziningana zaleli cherry zinikezwe kulesi sihloko.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinezivuno ezinhle kakhulu futhi zingakwazi ukuvumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezinzima.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-cherry ihluke ukusabalalisa okuphuzile, izithelo ezinhle ezivuthana ndawonye.

Umlando wokuzala

Ukuzalisa i-"Rubral Ural" i-Cherry yaqala ukunyuswa ngawo-1950. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, umbelethi wase-Ural uN. Gvozdyukova, owayememezela iSverallovsk Yokuhlola Ukuhlolwa Kwezitshalo ze-Ural NIISH, wasebenza kulo msebenzi kanye noS. S. Zhukov, owayemelela iCentral General Laboratory. I.V. Michurin.Ummeli wenhlangano yokuzalanisa i-Tambov wanikeza izithombo zezinto ezingaziwa "Michurinsky" njengesizathu sezinhlobo ezintsha. Abantu base-Ural babesebenzisa imbewu yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindawo ezihlala kuyo "Ideal" yokuwela. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ezafakwa futhi zaziswa ngo-1959 kuRejista Yezinga eliphezulu High of the Ural, Vyatka naseNtshonalanga Siberia izindawo zaseRussia Federation.

Njengamanje, i-Rubral yase-Ural ithandwa ngokukhethekile ezindaweni zaseChelyabinsk, Perm naseSverdlovsk.

Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene

Cabangela incazelo eningiliziwe yaloluhlobo lwe-cherry. "Ural Rubral" isihlahla esincane esinamagatsha asakaza.

Uma ufuna izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo sakho, ungafunda izici zama cherries aseZhukovsky, eLyubskaya, Black Large, eTurgenevka, Vladimirskaya, Shokoladnitsa, Kharitonovskaya, Molodezhnaya.

Incazelo yomuthi

Ukuphakama kwe-Cherry kufinyelela ku-1.5m, ngezinye izikhathi kungakhula ku-1.8-2 m. Lapho sakhiwa, wonke amafomu akhiwa ngamagatsha aphakathi.

Izithelo kulo mithi zikhula minyaka yonke namagatsha asezimbali. Amaqabunga, avela ngokucacile, ukuma kwawo kufana nesikebhe. Amahlamvu anehlobo olubanzi lwesikhumba.

Incazelo yezithelo

Izithelo zaleli cherry zibomvu ezimnyama, zamasayizi aphakathi. Isisindo sabo singaba ngu-3.2 g. Amajikijolo anesimo esinqunyiwe, ukunambitheka okumnandi. Amaphuzu okunambitha we "Ural Ruby" ayinamaphuzu angu-2.8. Izithelo zawo ziqukethe isilinganiso samashukela angu-9%, ama-acidi angu-1.6%, futhi cishe ama-15 mg we-vitamin C. Umsuka wombala obomvu; i-stem iyisayizi ephakathi, iqine ngokuqinile embusweni; ithambo elincane, elihle lihlukaniswe ne-pulp.

Uyazi? Amangqamuzana kanye nembewu ye-cherry ayikwazi ukudliwa ngobuningi obukhulu, ngoba kungenzeka kalula ubuthiwe.

Ukuvota

Le cherry ngu izinhlobonhlobo ezizimele, isb. isitshalo sinomhlobo othize wokuhlelwa kwembali. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-cherry ngenxa yokuzikhukhumeza kwe-pollen yabo.

Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho ama-pollinator kusayithi lakho, lizoqhakaza kahle zonke izintwasahlobo, ngenkathi zinganiki isivuno. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi unakekele ukukhula eduze kwayo, okufanelekile kulezi ezihlukahlukene. Lesi sihlahla siyimpova emihle kakhulu, okuyiminyaka eminengi isetshenziselwe ukukhuphula nokuzalisa izinhlobo eziphezulu ze-cherries. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zokuvota impova "Ruby Ural": "Mayak", "Zagrebinskaya", "Polevka", "Zvezdochka", "Alatyrskaya" ne "Generous".

Isikhathi sokubeletha

Izithelo zawo zivuthwe ngasekugcineni (isigamu sokuqala sika-Agasti) bese zihlala emagatsheni isikhathi eside. Ukulimala kufanelekile ukulinda unyaka wesithathu emva kokuba umuthi utshalwe.

Ukuthela

Umkhiqizo we-cherries uphakeme, ngokwesilinganiso kusuka komunye umuthi onjalo ungafinyelela ku-6 kilogram yezithelo. Kwakukhona amacala lapho endaweni ephakathi yeRussian Federation ukuvunwa esihlahleni bekufike ku-14-15 kg.

Ubusika obunzima

Izihlahla ze-"Rubral Ural" ama cherry angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nesimo sezulu esingahle. It has ukumelana kahle frost. Izinkuni zingamelana nokushisa ngezansi -30-35 ° C.

Uyazi? I-Cherry ibanda kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sikhula endle, ngisho nase-Himalaya.

Isicelo

Izivuno zika Cherry ziphuzile kakhulu, isivuno esivela kuzo sisetshenziselwa ukucubungula. Izithelo zalolu hlobo lwe-cherry zingadliwa eziluhlaza, ezomile noma ezigcinwe.

Ungenza ama-compotes, ama-jams, ama-jellies, ama-syrups, ama-tinctures, iziphuzo zezithelo nezithelo zezithelo ezivela amajikijolo. Amaqabunga e-Rubral Ural ayengezwa ekukhukheni ukhukhamba noma eminye imifino.

Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukufuya izinyosi, njengoba kuyisitshalo esihle kakhulu senyosi. Futhi, i-cherry itshalwe njengesitshalo se-ornamental.

Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ezincane

Ukuze uthathe izimpande, udinga:

  • ilungelo lokulungisa umgodi;
  • yenza umquba odingekayo;
  • gcina imithetho kanye nezinqubo zokufika;
  • khetha izinto zokutshala izinga;
  • ukutshala ngesikhathi esifanele sonyaka.

Isikhathi esiphelele

Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry lutshalwe entwasahlobo uma amaqabunga ehluma, noma kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla. Kodwa ukutshala intwasahlobo kuwufanelekile kakhulu, ngoba ngemuva kokuwa umfana omncane angase afakane uma kukhona amaqhwa okuqala.

Ukukhetha indawo

Imbewu kufanele itshalwe lapho kunezinhlobo eziningi zelanga futhi kukhona ukuqhuma njalo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi endaweni yokufika kwayo kwakungekho ukuqhuma kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okufika emkhathini womhlaba. Inhlabathi yokutshala izithombo kufanele ibe yilapho ilula, ikhululekile futhi ikhetheke kakhulu.

Inqubo kanye nohlelo

Uma uhlwanyela izinhlobo zamahlathi, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele lenziwe kusuka kumamitha amabili. Umgodi wokufika kufanele ube ngu-50 cm ububanzi kanye nokujula okufanayo. Ngaphansi komgodi kumele kufakwe umquba, ohlanganisa ama-humus, 20 g we-potassium chloride, kufika ku-40 g we-superphosphate nomlotha. Lapho inhlabathi yobumba isengeza ibhakede elilodwa leshlabathi.

Khona-ke isikhonkwane siqhutshwa emgodini, lapho umuthi kufanele uboshwe khona. Izimpande zihlanjululwe ngaphambi komonakalo futhi zifakwe amahora angu-3, ​​bese zihlaselwa ngokucophelela emgodini futhi zihlanganiswe nomhlabathi, ziqede umhlabathi ngamandla.

Kubalulekile! Namanzi isitshalo ngamabhakede amabili noma amathathu amanzi afudumele.
Ukuze kuvikelwe amanzi ekusakazeni ngenkathi yokuchelela, kubalulekile ukwakha i-roller engxenyeni yomswakama nxazonke ze-seedling, ububanzi obufanele bube ngu-60 cm. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, intamo yomuthi emva kokunisela nokunciphisa inhlabathi iyoba phansi. Uma wenza iphutha - ungesabi! Lokhu kungalungiswa ngokuphuma emhlabathini noma ukucwaninga inhlabathi engaphezulu. Emva kokutshala phansi kwenzalo kufanele uthele umqubhetha ngesimo se-sawdust noma umquba.

Ukunakekela ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana kwama cherry

Ukunakekela iRuby yase-Rubral Ngemuva kokutshala akufani nalokho okudingekayo yizo zonke izihlahla zalolu hlobo: umanyolo, ukuchelela, ukusika izihlamvu ezindala nokukhulula umhlabathi uma kunesidingo.

Ukunisela nokukhipha

Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ukuchelela kuka-3-4 kuyokwanela ukuthi ama cherry ayenziwe ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komuthi:

  • okokuqala umuthi kumele uphuze emva kokuchichima;
  • ukuchelela kwesibili kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwe-ovary (emva kokuphela kukaJuni);
  • ukuchelela okwesithathu kufanele kwenziwe emva kokuvuna noma ekwindla zakuqala;
  • Ukuphuza okwesine - podzimny, maphakathi no-Okthoba.

Izinga lokunisela izitshalo ze-cherries yi-5-7 amabhakede ngesihlahla ngasinye futhi kuncike eminyakeni yobudala.

Umanyolo

Izitshalo eziqukethe i-potassium ne-phosphorus, zifakwa ekwindla, ukuze le nqubo iwele ngaphansi kokumba. Udaba lwe-organic (umquba noma umquba obolile) ungeze njalo eminyakeni emithathu. I-nitrojeni isungulwa entwasahlobo, ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla sesitshalo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kudingekile ukuqhuba ukudla okubili okungeziwe. Okokuqala kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izinsuku ezimbili - ezinsukwini ezingu-14 emva kokuphela kwayo, ngaleyo njongo, i-mullein nomlotha isetshenziswa.

Abasekeli bezinto eziphilayo, kubalulekile ukwazi izici zokusetshenziswa kwamalahle, izimvu, ingulube, unogwaja, ihhashi, imfucumfucu, inkomo yenkukhu njengomanyolo, kanye nezindlela zokulungiselela ukugqoka izinambuzane, imvubelo, i-ammonia.

Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane

Ural Rubinovaya ngokuphelele uphikisana sawfly aphid futhi slimy, kodwa kungaba nesifo sefungal - coccomycosis. Kungenzeka ukukhuluma mayelana nokutheleleka yizinhlamvu ze-fungus, uma izindawo ezibomvu emaqabunga atholakalayo esihlahleni, kanye nokuchithwa kwabo okungazelelwe, okwenzeke kakhulu kunesikhathi esinqunyiwe, kwaqaphela.

Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu emthini, ngoba isitshalo esingenalutho asikwazi ukudla ngokujwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokushesha iyancipha, okuyinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingadala ekufeni kwakhe. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, umuthi kufanele uphathwe ngosizo lwe-fungicides (i-Copper sulfate, i-Topaz, i-Rayok, i-Horus, i-Abiga-Peak).

Kubalulekile! Uma umuthi ugula, kufanele uphathwe nge-fungicides kathathu ngenkathi - ngaphambi kokusakaza, phakathi kwawo kanye namasonto amathathu emva kokuqhakaza.

Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukusika umuthi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amaqabunga okokuqala, ukuze isitshalo sibe nesikhathi sokuqina phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo kanye nezimbali.

Emva kokutshala imbewu, kufanele ishiywe kumagatsha angama-10 asetshenziswe kakhulu futhi anamandla kakhulu (amasu angaba ngu-5 ashiyelwe izihlahla). Amagatsha asele anqunywe ngaphandle kokushiya i-hemp, futhi indawo yokusika kumele isheshe ifakwe nge-pitch pitch.

Amagatsha asele ngemuva kokusoka kufanele abheke ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi ahluke komunye nomunye ebangeni lika-10 cm.

Imithetho esemqoka yokusika izi cherry ezincane:

  • ngonyaka wesibili, amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele aphethwe, futhi amahlumela ahlanganiswe e-trunk break in summer (ngenkathi ehlaza). Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukuqina kwehlathi;
  • kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amahlumela asakhulile ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha ngobude;
  • ngesikhathi kukhula ama cherry, amagatsha amasha omzimba kufanele ashiywe esihlahleni. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukwakha umqhele ngendlela efanele. Ngenxa yalokho, amagatsha amakhulu azohlala 12-15;
  • Amagatsha asomile nesifo kumele asuswe njalo ngonyaka.
Ukunciphisa umqhele nokunciphisa amagatsha angadingekile kuwusizo ezimweni eziningana:

  • ukubunjwa okulungile kwesihlahla, ukuze kungabi yihlangothini olulodwa ngomqhele okhuni;
  • isivuno siyokhula ngezikhathi ezithile;
  • amajikijolo ayoba mnandi ngokwengeziwe ukunambitha;
  • Ukususa amagatsha amadala nokugula kuvikela isitshalo ezinambuzane;
  • umuthi ukhula kancane emva kokusika futhi ukhule.
Kubalulekile! Sika i-cherry kufanele ibe njalo ngonyaka kusukela esemncane.

Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza

Ukuvikela ama cherry kusukela ekuqaleni frost, udinga ukusebenzisa umusi: ekuseni kakhulu lapho iqhwa liqala ensimini, izinqwaba zokhuni, utshani noma ezinye izinto ezifanayo kufanele zifakwe emlilweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kube mnandi, ngakho-ke akukho mlilo, kodwa umusi omningi. Umuthi ungavikelwa ngenye indlela - ukubambezela isikhathi sesimbali. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ithuba lokushaya iqhwa lokubuya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele uzinqande iqhwa eliqhekeze nxazonke ze-cherry, bese ulimboza ngendlala enkulu noma utshani.

Vikela i-cherry kusuka kumagundane Ungasebenzisa izinkuni zokhuni, ama-peat chips noma ugobe nge-creolin noma i-sawdust. Lokhu konke kubiza ama-rodents. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakati kanye nama-hedgehogs bangabasizi abakhulu ekulwa nabo.

Izidakamizwa azithandi iphunga elithile. Ngakho-ke, abanye balimi bayelulekwa ukuba bachithe izihlahla ngesisombululo seminanti noma bembethe nge-baconous or tar.

"Ural Rubral" isetshenziselwa izithelo zezithelo. Ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi ngaloluhlobo lwe-cherry kuphela okuhle kakhulu. Kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nesithwathwa, ukuvuna okucebile nokumelana nezifo eziningi zefungal. Ukungalungi kwalo kungukuthi: ukuzibonga kanye nezithelo zokunambitheka okuphakathi.