Kukhona inombolo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo zama cherry, ezivame ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu. Isihloko sethu sinikezwe "iLyubskaya" cherry, esakhulile emasimini aseRussia kusukela ngo-1947. Ake sikhulume ngokuthi singakhetha kanjani futhi sihlwanyele isitsha, masisebenzelane nokunakekelwa, izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Incazelo
I-cherry yengxoxo "Lyubskaya" iqala ngencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo.
Ngaphandle, lesi sihlahla sinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi senxenye engenhla, ukuphakama okuphezulu kunamamitha ayi-3. Umqhele ukhululekile ngokwanele, hhayi obunzima, obuthakathaka. Amagxolo anesibhakabhaka futhi ahlanganiswe nezinkukhu ezincane. Zonke amahlumela zigobile, zihamba kude ne-trunk ngecala elimangalisayo. 
Amacwecwe amashidi ahluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo, kodwa kusadingeka ukuba banakekele. Amaqabunga aqoshwe umbala ohlaza obumnyama ojwayelekile, abe nobubanzi buka-5 cm, ubude obungaba ngu-8 cm. Amacwecwe amancane, anemiphetho ekhonjiwe kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha.
Amaqabunga ahlanzekile amhlophe, abe nobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-3 cm. Ingqayi inemibala eluhlaza, i-goblet.
Zijwayele ukulima ezinye izinhlobo zama cherry: "Vladimirskaya", "Molodezhnaya", "Shokoladnitsa", "Kharitonovskaya", "Black Large", "Turgenevka".
I-berry inkulu, inomumo ojikeleziwe. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo kufakwe umbala obomvu obomvu. Ama-cherry amancane ahlala eqinile esiqwini, emva kokuvuthwa kuphela ingxenye encane idudulwa. 
Uyazi? Uhlobo oludume kakhulu lwe-cherry yi-cherry enhle. Le berry yayisetshenziselwa ukudla kweminye iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyi-8 BC. e.
Izici zokukhula
Cabangela izici zokulima, okuyinto enquma ukuthi kungenzeka ukutshala umuthi engadini yakho. Ake sixoxe ngezingqinamba eziyinhloko ezithinta isivuno nesimo esijwayelekile saleso sitshalo.
Izimo zezulu
Ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izifunda ongazithuthukisa lezi zinhlobonhlobo zama cherry, ake sibuyele kuRejistri kaHulumeni. 
Izinhlobonhlobo zinconywa ukutshala ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- Ephakathi;
- I-Northwest;
- I-Central Black Earth;
- I-North Caucasus;
- I-Middle Volga;
- I-Volga ephansi.
Umhlabathi ngezinkuni
Cherry "Lyubskaya", elandela ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi abaningi, ihamba phambili kakhulu futhi iveza izithelo kumhlabathi onesihlabathi noma osizi. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yande kakhulu, ibe nesamba esikhulu samaminerali ekubunjweni. Uma utshala i-cherry e-chernozem, lesi sihlahla ngeke sithuthukise nakakhulu, futhi isivuno sizobe sesiseduze kakhulu. 
Uyazi? Kunezinhlobo eziyisihlanu ezinhlobonhlobo zama cherry, kamuva ezazisetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhlobo nezinsika. Kulezi zinhlobo ezingu-150 ezaziwa, eziyinhloko yiziqu: i-cherry, i-steppe, izwa, i-Magaleb ne-cherry.
Ukutshala cherry "Lyubskaya"
Okulandelayo, sizobhekana nama-nuances okutshala umuthi, okuzosiza ukugwema izikhathi ezingathandeki futhi ukufezekisa ukusinda okusheshayo kwesithombo.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Akukona kuphela isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yesithelo, kodwa futhi, njengendlela yokubusa, ezihlukahlukene noma ngisho nohlobo lomuthi kuxhomeke ekumeni okulungile. Ikakhulukazi le nkinga iyadingeka lapho uthenga izithombo ezimakethe ezinkulu, lapho esikhundleni se-cheret varietal, ungathengisa umdlalo wesendle noma umuthi ohluke ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, thatha ukhetho ngokusemandleni akho ukuze ungasebenzisi imali enkulu ekutshalweni kwesihlahla esingenalusizo.
Okokuqala, sibheke ohlelweni lwempande. Ubude be-taproot esemqoka kumele okungenani kube ngu-30 cm. Futhi, uhlelo lwempande kufanele lumelelwe inombolo enkulu yezimpande eziseceleni ezisuka ekhoneni elikhulu. Okulandelayo, hlola ngokucophelela uhlelo lwempande.
Noma yikuphi ukukhula, ukubola, ukulimala noma izindawo ezingenakuqondakala kufanele zibe khona. Okokuqala, umuthi obulalayo ungafa ngemva kokutshala, futhi uma uthatha izimpande, akufanele ubeke umkhiqizo ophezulu.
Khumbula ukuthi izimpande, njengazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomuthi, kumele zibe nokufinyelela kwe-oxygen. Uma i-rhizome ihlanganiswe i-cellophane, khona-ke ingase ivele "yenzeke", futhi umswakama owandayo uma kungabikho oksijini kuholela ekwakheni izifo ezihlukahlukene zefungal.
Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema izithombo nge-rhizome eyomile, ngoba uzochitha isikhathi esiningi uzama ukukhipha isithombo kusuka esimweni "sokudla", futhi ukuqhubeka nokuphila kuzoxhomeke esikhathini esithile lapho izimpande zome khona.
Ngakho-ke zama ukuthenga izithombo, izimpande zazo ezisemkhathini wezwe noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, emanzini. Phindaphinda izikhathi ezimbalwa mayelana naleso sikhathi lapho isithombo sitshalwe khona, futhi okungcono kunazo zonke - ukuthenga izihlahla ezincane ezindaweni zokuhlala, lapho isitshalo sizosuswa khona emgodini kuphela emva kokuthenga.
Ngokuqondene nomqhele, kufanele uthuthukiswe kahle. Ukuba khona kwanoma yikuphi ukulimala, amathanga noma ukukhula akuvumelekile. Uma umqhele ungenawo amaqabunga, kufanele ucele ukusika kancane emagqumeni, okuzokhombisa ukuthi ngabe umuthi usumile (futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka).
Okulandelayo, hlola imfucumfucu yemifantu emikhulu. Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlushwa yiqhwa ngokuqondile ngenxa yamagxolo aqhekekile, akufanele uthenge isithombo lapho uhlaka oluvikelayo lwalulimale ekuqaleni.
Ukuze ungathengisi umuthi ohluke ngokuphelele, kuqala kokubheka umbala nokuqina kwamagxolo. Amagxolo kufanele abe nsundu, abomvu, ngaphandle kwemicu emnyama noma elula. Ukuqhekeka okukhanyayo kuvunyelwe, njengoba kuyisici salolu hlobo.
Ngemva kokuthenga isithombo ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuvikela ilanga eliqondile, kanye ne-rhizome, uma kungenayo i-coma ehlaba umhlaba, gqoka indwangu yesaka noma iphepha.
Isu nobuchwepheshe bokufika
Ukufika akufanele kubambezeleke izinsuku ezimbalwa ukugcina umswakama esihlahleni. Kuphela uma kwenzeka uma i-rhizome inganikezwa isikhathi sokuvuza, lapho ufika khona ungalinda.
Okokuqala, sikhetha indawo evulekile evulekile enqabeni engavunyelwe yimimoya yasenyakatho futhi ivikeleke ngokukhululekile emaphethelweni.
Kubalulekile! Isitoreji samanzi aphezulu asivumelekile. Imibhede ephakanyisiwe ayikho ngaphezu kwe-3 m.Okulandelayo ukuhlola ubuhle be-asidi yomhlabathi futhi ngokuseduze kunombhalo wayo ongathathi hlangothi. I-cherry ibucayi kakhulu ngobuningi be-asidi, ngakho-ke ngisho nokuphambanisa okuncane kuyoba nomthelela omubi ngenqubo yokwamukela izinto eziwusizo nokulandelela izinto ezivela enhlabathini.
Manje sekuyisikhathi sokumba imbobo ngaphansi kwe-sapling. Abalimi abaningi batusa ukumba imbobo kusengaphambili. Abanye bathi umgodi ngaphansi kwesihlahla kufanele ugujwe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokutshala, abanye - inyanga.Sincoma ukuthi ulinde okungenani izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ukuze umuthi ubambelele kangcono.
Siyakhumbuza ukuthi kungenzeka ukufika kokubili entwasahlobo, futhi ekwindla. Ukutshala kwekwindla kuthandwa ezindaweni eziseningizimu, njengokungaphezu kwebusika umuthi uzoba nesikhathi sokungenelela, kanti entwasahlobo izokhula.
Sigubha umgodi wokujula nobubanzi obunjalo ukuze uhlelo lwempande, emva kokucwiliswa kulo, aluhlali lonke isikhala. I-radius enhle ingama-40 cm, ukujula kungama-60 cm. Siyakha izindonga zomgodi ngamanothi, ukuze inhlabathi ingahlali kakhulu.
Ukumba umgodi, sihlukanisa umhlaba wonke zibe izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye yokuqala yinhlabathi ephezulu, evundile, esizoyisebenzisa ekutshaleni. Ingxenye yesibili ingumhlabathi ophansi, ongasuswa kunoma iyiphi enye indawo, ngeke isetshenziselwe ukutshala. Umhlabathi ophezulu ohlanganiswe nama-humus / umquba nama-fertilizer. Inani lento ngayinye lingakhuphuka kancane noma linciphile, kuye ngokuthi umthamo wenhlabathi okhishwe emthonjeni. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngomunye u-1 wengeza kahle ama-humus angu-30, i-1 kg ye-phosphate rock kanye no-150 g we-potassium sulfate. Hlanganisa kahle ukuze izimpande azixhumane "namanzi amaminerali".
Okulandelayo, uthele imfucumfucu yamatshe (okuyinto ezokwenza ukuthi i-asidi yenhlabathi ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi isebenze njengamanzi) kuze kube phansi emgodini bese ushayela emgodini wokusekela, okufanele uhambise 1 m ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, maphakathi nomgogodla senza isigundane esincane (cishe ngu-20 cm) somhlabathi ojwayelekile othathwe kusayithi. Gcwalisa isithombo ukuze isikhungo sezinsizi "sihlale phansi" esiqongweni somhlabathi, siqonde izimpande futhi ugcwalise ngokugcwele umgodi ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi.
Uma umgodi ugcwaliswe ngokuphelele, kufanele uchithe ngokucophelela inhlabathi futhi, uma kunesidingo, ugcwalise inhlabathi encane. Ekugcineni, sinisela amanzi ngemifino emibili yamanzi afudumele. 
Kubalulekile! Intamo yentambo kufanele ibe ngu-5-7 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.Uma isakhiwo okumele sitshalwe ukuthi i-cherry sisetshenziswe ngaphambili sasetshenziselwa ukulima, kufanele ucebise inhlabathi ngamanzi amaminerali kanye nama-humus / umquba.
Uhlu olulandelayo lwezidakamizwa akufanele lufakwe emgodini wokutshala, kodwa emhlabathini ozungeza umgodi ukuze i-rhizome ekhulayo ithole zonke izici ezidingekayo nezakhi ngesikhathi.
Ngesikwele esingu-1. m yenza lokhu okulandelayo:
- humus noma umquba - 10 kg;
- superphosphate - 100 g;
- i-potassium sulfate - 100 g
Uma utshala izihlahla eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, bese usebenzisa enye yezikimu ezilandelayo:- Ezindaweni ezincane, sisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-2 x 2.5 m.
- Ukuze uthole umqhele ohamba phambili kakhulu sithatha ngokwemigomo ye-3 x 3.5 m.
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwesitshalo
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo akubandakanyi ukuchelela okwesikhashana, kodwa futhi ukufaka umanyolo, kanye nokwakhiwa okulungile komqhele, okwenza inani lamajikijolo nobukhulu bawo.
Ukunisela nokudla
Siqala ukuphuza i-cherry ngemuva kokuvuvukala kwezinso. Kubalulekile ukuthulula amanzi angama-30 ngamanzi afudumele ngesikhathi (kufudumele ukusheshisa inqubo yokwakheka kwe-green mass). Kubalulekile ukugcoba inhlabathi kuyo yonke inkathi ekhulayo, futhi emva kokulahla amaqabunga, kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukuthambisa okuthambisa umswakama.
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala sasiqinisekisile ukuthi i-cherry esiteji sokuqala yayinezinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kanye nenani elanele lezinto eziphilayo, senza ukugqoka okulandelayo okuphela kweminyaka engu-1.5-2 emva kokutshala. 
Ngenkathi yokukhula kubalulekile ukondla umuthi kabili nge humus noma umquba emva kwesikhathi esilinganayo. Ekwindla, sivala ama-phosphorus kanye nama-potash umquba emjikelezweni oseduze, kanye ne-nitrogen fertilizer entwasahlobo. Akunconywa ukuthi wengeze ukuxhaswa okubandakanya yonke inkimbinkimbi ye-NPK, ngoba i-nitrogen iyadingeka kuphela entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuqashwa kobumnyama obuhlaza. Ukwehla i-nitrogen ehlathini kuyobangela umonakalo omkhulu emthini, ngakho-ke uzoqhubeka ukwandisa umthamo ohlaza okwamanje lapho udinga ukuchitha amaqabunga.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ukuze singasichitha isikhathi ekusizeni njalo futhi sikhulule, ngokushesha emva kokutshala i-cherry, kungcono ukugaya nge-peat noma i-humus. Uma umuthi owodwa ungabalulekile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukutshala okukhulu kudingekile ukusebenzisa umquba. 
Ngemuva kokuthi usule umjikelezo we-trunk, ukusika nokukhipha akudingeki. Futhi, ngaphansi kokhula lwama-mulch alukhuli, futhi inhlabathi ayilahlekelwa umswakama futhi ayiqedi ngokweqile.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvimbela i-mulch ukuba ibe "ikhaya" lezifo eziphilayo, kudinga ukuguqulwa ngezikhathi ezithile.Uma ngesizathu esisodwa noma esinye ungazange ugobe isiqu somuthi, khona-ke udinga ukuvula izimpande njalo ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen. Ukuze ukhulule inhlabathi kumele kube kuphela ekuseni noma ngemva kokushona kwelanga. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula lokho ngisho nangemva kokuxhuma, intamo enkulu kufanele ibe ngaphezulu kune-substrate, ngaphandle kwalokho ingase ibole.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Iminyaka emibili yokuqala emva kokutshala, asikhuthazi ukuthi sithinte ingxenye engaphezulu engaphansi kwesihlahla, ukuze singalimazi umuthi obuthakathaka. Into eyodwa okumele yenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-sapling ukufaka iphuzu lokukhula ukuze umuthi ungenzi umqhele wokuphakama, kodwa ukhula ngobubanzi. Emva kweminyaka emibili kusukela ngesikhathi sokufika, ukusika izihlahla kuqhutshwa izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka - entwasahlobo nasekwindla. 
Ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla, kufanele sinciphise amagatsha amaningi, futhi sisuse abagulayo futhi sonakaliswe. Ngemuva kokudubula, umqhele kufanele ube nesimo esifanele sokugcina ubuhle be-esthétique futhi kube lula ukwenza inqubo yokuvuna.
Ukwehla kwe-autumn kuhilela ukususwa kwamahlumela endala. Udinga ukusika lawo magatsha lapho uqoqa khona ukuvunwa okungenani. Esikhathini esizayo, amahlumela anjalo "ayokhiqiza" amajikijolo ambalwa futhi ambalwa, kanti izindleko zokudla zizohlala zifana.
Funda ukuthi ungagcina kanjani ubusika ebusika.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Cherry "i-Lyubskaya" ithinteka yi-coccomycosis ne-moniliasis.
I-Coccomycosis ibangelwa i-Socotomy hiemalis ye-fungus. Izindawo ezibomvu ziqala ukuvela emaqabunga, emva kwalokho i-fungus ibangela ukuba iwale masinyane. Ngomonakalo omkhulu, amabala angase avele kuma-petioles, ama-stalks, izithelo, namahlumela amancane. I-Coccomycosis iqala ngesimo sezulu esifudumele. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu ehlobo nasekuseni. 
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, sincoma ukuhlanzwa kwansuku zonke kwamaqabunga, utshani obomile, nokhula, ngoba yilokho okungathonya ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Ama-spores of the fungus aqhutshwa umoya, ngakho-ke iqiniso lokuthi yonke indawo ingahlushwa ayikwazi ukukhishwa. Ukwelapha isihlahla nge-fungicides.
I-cherries echithekile ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso. Umhlabathi eduze kwesihlahla somuthi kufanele uphathwe nomuthi "u-Abiga-Peak". Ukufafaza okulandelayo kwenziwa ngenkathi ifihlekile. Lokhu kuzokusiza umuthi "Horus".
Uma lesi sifo singagcini emva kwemifula, sincoma ukusika amagatsha athintekile ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-14-20 futhi ushise. Ngemuva kokuvuna, kufanele uchithe uketshezi lwe-cherry Bordeaux.
I-causative agent ye-moniliosis iyi-mushroom e-monilia. Uqala ukubonakala e-pestle yembali, emva kwalokho ihlasela amahlumela. Khona-ke imbali iyingxenye, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amancane ayomile. 
Lesi sifo sikhula emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Kulula ukuqaphela lesi sifo. Amachashazi amnyama avela emagqabeni, okungafani nendawo efana ne-moss. Khona-ke izithelo zihlanganiswa ngethinta efanayo. Amahlumela abuna futhi amajikijolo abola futhi awe.
Ukuze ugweme ukunqotshwa, ungafakela i-cherry ngomuthi ofanayo "Horus". Abanye ochwepheshe bayelulekisa ukuphatha lesi sitshalo ngaphambi kokuchichima nomuthi uMizkosan-B noma u-Skor. Ungaphilisa isihlahla sesithelo neBordeaux liquid ngaphambi nangemva kwezimbali.
Kulezi izinambuzane cherry "Lyubskaya" kuthinta izinambuzane aphid kanye gnawing. Ungabasusa ngesisombululo seseva nesasasa. Nokho, lokhu kuzosiza kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela okuncane. 
Ngenxa yezilonda zomzimba, i-Fufanon (ngokumelene nama-parasites aphuzayo), i-Actellic (ngokumelene namagundane) neKarbofos (ngokumelene nama-aphid) isetshenziswa.
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Kusukela kulokhu esixoxe ngakho ekuqaleni, singasho izinzuzo nezingozi ze "Lubskaya" cherry.
Izinzuzo:
- Izinhlobonhlobo zithandeka. Inzuzo yukuthi i-cherry ingahlonywa ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwezinambuzane zokuvotela.
- Isikhathi sokuqala kwe-fructification. Uma uhambisana nazo zonke izindlela ezingenhla zezolimo, uzothola isivuno sokuqala eminyakeni emibili.
- Umkhiqizo ophezulu. Kuze kufike ku-30 kg we-cherry ingaqoqwa emthini ngamunye.
- Ukushiya akudingi isikhathi esiningi kanye nezinsiza, njengoba umuthi uqine kakhulu.
Izinkinga:- Ukumelana nokuqina kweqhwa. I-Cherry ine-frost resistance resistance, ngakho ukukhula ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kungenzeka kuphela ngokufudumala okwanele.
- Umphumela omubi wokushisa kwamazinga okushisa. Ngenxa yokwaziswa okwakhiwa kwegxolo, ukuqubuka kungavela esihlahleni somuthi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Imifantu yenza ama-cherry asengozini yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nezifo.
- Isikhathi esifushane se-fruiting. Ngesivuno esiphezulu esiqinile, lesi sihlahla siphuma ngokushesha, ngakho-ke i-cherry ikhule iminyaka engu-16, emva kwalokho kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uyifake isithombo esisha.
- I-asidi ephezulu yesithelo. Izithelo ezinomsoco azifanelekile kubantu abane-acidity ephezulu, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo isetshenziselwa ukucubungula nokusingatha.
Ibanga lifanelekile kokubili izivande ezinkulu, kanye nezindawo zomakhaya. Ukwazi izici eziningiliziwe ze-Lubskaya cherry, ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo bese ukhetha kahle uma uthenga umuthi omncane. 
Khumbula ukuthi i-cherry iqala ukuthela izithelo kuphela ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala, futhi le nqubo ayikwazi ukusheshiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwamaminerali omquba noma umhlabathi omnyama. Landela yonke imithetho yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo ukuze uthole isivuno semvelo esihle.
