Iphakathi

Indlela yokutshala ipheya entwasahlobo: imiyalelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ukuxhunyelela i-stalk pear kuyindlela yokutshala izimbali ezithakazelisayo, ngosizo ongakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngayo ingadi yakho kanye nokudla kwakho, uthole ithuba lokususa izithelo ze-varietal eziphakathi kwe-pear noma eminye imithi. Ekugcineni, kungase kube nesifiso sokuzama into entsha. Izizathu zingase zihluke, kodwa akulimazi ukutadisha le mbono, ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi othakazelisayo wabalimi - ukugoma.

Ukugoma kwenyakatho kunokwemvelo kakhulu kumapheya, nakuba kungenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngalolu hlelo, ungavuselela umuthi ofayo, ulungise iziphambeko zomqhele, uthuthukise izakhiwo zesitshalo nekhwalithi yesithelo, futhi ulethe isiko elisha!

Ukulungiselela ama-cuttings wokugoma

Ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlanganiswa kuvuna kusengaphambili, kusukela ekwindla. Ungakwenza lokhu entwasahlobo, kepha ukufakelwa kwekwindla kubhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukutshela kusukela ekunqunyeni entwasahlobo ukuthi kusinda yini iqhwa lasebusika.

Umsebenzi uzoba yize uma ukwaziswa kwe-scion kukonakalisiwe. Njengoba selindele ukuphela kweqabunga liwa, ukuphela kokushisa kwe-sap kanye nokungena kwezihlahla esiqenjini sokuphumula, amahlumela wonyaka anqunyulwa.

Ungahlanganisa le nqubo nge-pruning pruning. Kusuka emahlathini amancane ahlanjululwayo anquma ama-cuttings, akhethwe ukufakelwa.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze i-scion ingasebenzisi ingxenye engezansi yehlumela - kukhona i-crust iyindima futhi ukugeleza kokushisa akuyona into ejulile. Okuphezulu akufanele kuthathwe - amehlo akhe ayikaqali ngokugcwele. Ingxenye ephakathi efanele yebanga legatsha 5-6 mm nobude be-10-15 cm. Isiqeshana siqukethe 3-4 amaqabunga aphuthukisiwe kahle, ukusika okuphezulu kutholakala ngenhla kwezinso.

Sika ama-cuttings abe amafomu, faka. Izibopho zifakwe emgodini ngehlabathi elimanzi noma i-sawdust, futhi isitsha - emiphongolweni.

Ukushisa lokugcina kumele kube ngu-2 ° C. Uma kungenakho i-cellar, izinqwaba zokusika zingagcinwa esiqandisini, eshalofini emnyango, zimbozwe ngendwangu emanzini kanye nesigxobo se-cellophane.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, indaba kumele ihlolwe, hlola okuqukethwe komswakama we-substrate bese uyihambisa njengento edingekayo. Uma lezi zicucu zigcinwa esiqandisini, uma zihlanjululwa, kufanele zigcinwe futhi zidluliselwe kulokhu endaweni endaweni yokushisa efanelekile.

Uyazi? Iphakathi - Indawo yaseNingizimu Afrika. Emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, kwavela lapho ukuya eYurophu, nasezifundeni zaseMelika - kuphela emakhulwini amane eminyaka edlule.

Yiziphi izihlahla ezingahle zitshalwe ipheya

Iningi lemvelo lihlanganisa ukuququzela i-stalk pear. esihlahleni sepeyariikhulile kule simo sezulu.

Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zamasiko ezinjenge-"Severyanka", "uSvetlyanka", "Tonkovetki." I-hybrid eyinikwe i-Ussuri pear izoba nokuphakama okukhulu kwebusika, noma kunjalo, ukuze uyithole, kuzodingeka uzame - akuzona zonke izimila ezithatha izimpande kahle kule sitshalo.

Noma kunjalo, konke kunzima kakhulu noma kulula, kuye ngokuthi ubukeka kanjani. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhethwa kukho, kufaka phakathi okungajwayelekile, ngosizo ongakwazi ukwengeza insimu engadini yakho futhi wenze kube yinto eqinile.

Yini enye ikhonti elizohlanganiswa kuyo ukuze i-graft ithande futhi ibelethe izithelo?

  • Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-graft kubhekwa njengokuhle. amapheya kumdlalo we-pear noma i-apula-tree. Ukuzikhethela kwalolu khetho ukuthi akufanele usebenzise isihlahla sasendle esilungile - i-hybrid ngeke iphile isikhathi eside futhi ukuhluma kwayo ngeke kuhluke ngokuningi. Isiqu kufanele sitshalwe emthini ngokwawo okhulile kusuka ezinhlameni zezithelo zasendle, khona-ke i-hybrid izokwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele, izophila isikhathi eside futhi izithele izithelo ngokugcwele.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kwamapheya entwasahlobo ku-apula ehlwanyelwe - izigaba zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene: kuba izihlahla zezinhlobo ezifanayo, zinesikhathi esifanayo sokuthuthukiswa. Ngalolu khetho, umphumela usuphumelele njalo, okufakazela ukutholakala kwezinto eziphakathi kwe-pear-apula kwezigadini zabakhiqizi be-amateur.
  • Umuthi we-Quince Ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi njenge-stock, kodwa kunezici ezithile ezikhethekile. Ukuba isitshalo eseningizimu, i-quince ayifani nokuhlukile kwe-frost ukumelana. Ukuvuthwa okunjalo kwe-hybrid ngeke kube yisikhathi eside, kodwa kuyoba kusenesikhathi. Isihlahla sincane, singathiwa yizinhlangothi ezinhle zesilingo esifanayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile eziphakathi kwamapheya zihlanganiswe ne-quince.

Uyazi? Izinkuni eziphakathi kwamaparele zihlala ziqinile futhi zigcina ubujamo nokuma kwazo amakhulu eminyaka. Kufanele ukwakhiwa ifenisha ehlala njalo, izinsimbi zomculo, ababusi abakhulu bezinjini, izitsha ezingakwazi ukumelana nokugeza kudoti lashishi.

  • Ikhasi lizozizwa lihle on dogwood futhi Kuzokwenza izithelo ezinhle kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkuni zikhula kahle.
  • Rowan njengoba isitoreji singacatshangwa kahle, kodwa kunezici eziningi. Ukuqina komuthi we-pear kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu kunomuthi we-rowan, futhi igatsha elihlanganisiwe liyoba likhulu kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-mama-trunk. Izinga lezithelo libuye liguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lithathe isomiso, i-asidi, ne-astringency ukusuka entabeni yomlotha.
  • Ngenxa yokuthi umehluko emithini, izinkinga ezifanayo zizovela ne-graft ku-irgu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinda kwe-hybrid enjalo kuncane.
  • Aronia izonikeza inkinga efanayo ngokuhlukana kwezihlahla, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezizobe zitholakala kuphela.

Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo ekufundeni mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwamagilebhisi.

Izindlela kanye nesikhathi sokugoma

Igama elivamile elithi "ukuxhunyelelwa" lisho ukwanda kwesitshalo esisodwa kwesinye. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene kulokhu.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi kulungile kakhulu ukungena ngo-pear entwasahlobo, kusukela ekwindla ukuhlanganiswa kanye nesisa somuthi we-pear kunethuba lokungahlali phansi ngenxa yobusika obusika. Ngenxa yezobulungiswa, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ekwindla kanye nemishanguzo yehlobo iqhutshwa ngokubili ngabalingani nabaqeqeshiwe.

Uyazi? I-pear yaseChina - uphawu lokungafi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yamandla enkuni. Kodwa-ke, futhi bacabangela izithelo zawo zifanekisela ukuhlukaniswa. AmaGreki namaRoma enza izithelo eziphakathi kwezithelo njengesipho kunkulunkulukazi wothando - Aphrodite noVenus, kanye nekhaya kanye nomama - Hera noJuno.

Ubuchwepheshe obukhethwe isikhathi sokugoma kubaluleke kakhulu:

  1. Budding. Ukuze uhlanganiswe, iso lokulala noma lokuvusa lisetshenzisiwe. Ungasebenzisa intwasahlobo nehlobo, kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kuphele ngo-Septhemba.
  2. Ukuqubuzana. Ukwehlukanisa izicucu zesisindo esifanayo. Kuyenziwa uma ukugeleza kwe-saga sekuzoqala noma kuzoqala ukuqala, ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli.
  3. Isiqu esicwecwe. Kungenziwa nge-diameter ehlukile ye-scion ne-rootstock. Imibandela ifana nokukopisha.
  4. Shank ohlangothini lwezinhlangothi. Isetshenziselwa ama-graft amancane kanye nesitoreji esikhulu. Itholakala ngo-Ephreli ngaphambi kokusakazwa kwejusi.
  5. Shank ngemuva kwegxolo. Indlela evamile kakhulu futhi esetshenzisiwe, ekhonjiswe izinga eliphezulu lokusinda. Kunengqondo ukusebenzisa kuphela uma ukuhamba kwejusi kuqala, ngo-Ephreli no-May.
  6. Ngebhuloho Isetshenziswa lapho isilonda sidinga ukuphulukiswa - akukho gxolo endaweni enkulu. Itholakala ngoMeyi noJuni, lapho ijusi lihamba ngokushelela.
  7. Ukuxhuma. Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwamagatsha amabili aseduze. Ukuphumelela ngesikhathi sokushisa kwe-sap okusebenzayo kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinhlobo ze-pear ezidumile kunazo zonke ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwebalimi njenge-"Inkumbulo ye-Yakovlev", "Duchess", "Moskvichka", "Just Maria", "Avgustovskaya dew", "Veles".

Ukuxhunyezwa kwama-pears phezu kwamagxolo: imfundo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yokusebenza okulula, ukwethenjelwa nokulingana okuphezulu, abalimi nabalimi bezobuchwepheshe basebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganiswa kwe-cuttings ngamagxolo. Cabanga indlela yokutshala ipheya entwasahlobo, ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Amathuluzi ayadingeka nezinto zokwakha

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubo yokuhlanganiswa ingaqaliswa kuphela uma konke okudingekayo kulungiswe.

Kubalulekile! Indlela enganaki ebhizinisini lokukhetha ayiyona inzuzo. Akuvumelekile ukunganaki ukutholakala kwezinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi, kanye nekhwalithi yabo. Lokhu kungabhubhisa yonke imizamo futhi kunikeze imiphumela engalungile noma enganelisi.
Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi inqubo yokugoma iqala, kubalulekile ukuba:

  • ukusika, ukugcinwa noma ukusika ngokuhambisana nemithetho;
  • ibukhali kakhulu, futhi ingcono - ummese ohlangothini olukhethekile;
  • i-hacksaw encane encane futhi ebukhali;
  • ebukhali nge-ax blade;
  • umgodi wegadi, ipulasitiki noma upende lweoli;
  • ukuxhunyelelwa noma ukufaka itekisi;
  • isikhwama seplastiki ne-twine noma i-scotch.
Ngemuva kokuthi konke kulungiselelwe, njengamathuluzi ohlinzayo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ungaqhubeka nenqubo.

Ukulungiselela ama-cuttings

Ngosuku ngaphambi kokugonywa, ama-cuttings kufanele alethwe ekamelweni, bese ugoqa isigamu sehora ku-Epin noma kwenye i-stimulator, noma emanzini. Khumbula ukuthi ngamunye wabo kufanele abe nama-buds amathathu noma 4 athuthukile.

Ngamahlumela owodwa noma ngaphezulu kumele kuhlolwe kalula ukuhlukaniswa kwamagxolo kusuka enkuni. Ngamaqabunga athile ehlangothini nesitokisi, ukusika kwe-oblique (25-30 °) kwenziwa nge-hacksaw, okumele ihlanjwe ngommese obukhali endaweni ebushelelezi. I-cut upper flat kufanele ibuyekezwe futhi.

Ukulungiswa kwesitoko

Esitokisini, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela indawo yokugoma okuhlongozwayo. Amagxolo kufanele abe nempilo, ngaphandle kokulimala. Usayizi wesitokisi u-3.5 cm.

Sika phansi engxenyeni engenhla ye-trunk, uhlanza ukusika ngommese obukhali.

Ngokucophelela ugqugquzela amagxolo eceleni kwe-4-5 cm ukuze uhlaka lwaso olungaphezulu luhlukaniswe kalula, futhi izinkuni azilimazanga.

Ukuqinisa ukusika

Ngokucophelela uphonsa imfucuza ngommese, faka ukusika okulungiselelwe ngendlela yokuthi u-2-3 mm we-cut ahlale engaxhunyiwe, cindezela ngokuqinile.

Ukugoqa ukuhlangana nokunquma i-scion nge-pitch pitch, ukugoqa nge-inoculum noma i-tape yokuqapha ukuze kungabikho izikhala ezisele.

Qinisekisa ngokuqinile phezulu kwesikhwama sonke seplastiki: sizovikela emoyeni nasemvula futhi silondoloze izinga elifunayo lomswakama.

Kubalulekile! Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukugoma kufana nokuhlinzwa, lapho ukuhlanzeka kufanele kugcinwe khona. Kuvinjelwe ukuthinta ukusika okusha noma ukubeka emlonyeni wakho ngezandla ezimatasa. Uma kwenzeka ngengozi wehla ukusika, udinga ukusika futhi. Ingqikithi ngayinye yothuli noma ucezu lokungcola ingabangela ukuhlanganiswa okungahlanganisiwe.

Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe ngemigomo

Amaviki amabili alandelayo kufanele ahlolwe njalo. Lesi sikhathi sikwanele ukufaka ama-engraftment nokuvuvukala kwezinso.

Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, ungazama ukungena ngaphakathi kwesinye isihlahla somuthi, uma kukhona ukusika okungasetshenzisiwe, noma u-inoculate ngenye indlela ngesikhathi esifanele.

Amahlumela afaka ukudla okuhlanganisiwe, kanye namaqabunga avimbela ukukhanya, kufanele asuswe ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.

Ngokukhula okusebenzayo kwehlumela elihlanganisiwe, i-bandage ibuthakathaka ukuze igweme ukwakheka kwezingcindezi, futhi phezulu kwayo ikhonjiwe.

I-harness isusiwe ekupheleni kwenkathi, ekwindla, futhi kungcono entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo ezingaphezu kwesitshalo neqhwa.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele futhi okusebenzayo, ukugoma akuyona into engenakwenzeka ngisho nangokuqala, amaphutha abhekana nabalimi angenza:

  • amathuluzi amancane;
  • amathuluzi angcolile;
  • equkethe izikhala noma ukugqoka okuxekethile;
  • ukusetshenziswa okungenandaba kweVara ekusikeni;
  • ukusetshenziswa kwe-frost-bitten, cuttings ezibolile noma ezomile;
  • ukuqubuka noma ukuphefumula okugcweleyo ekufakweni;
  • inoculation of the tree imbewu phezu kwetshe futhi ngokuphambene;
  • ukuxhunyelelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zakudala ezivuthweni zokuqala zokuvuthwa kanye nokunye.

Ekukhuleni izithelo, ukuxhunyelelwa kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu lapho imigomo eminingi ingafinyelelwa khona: ulethe entsha noma ugcine izinhlobo ezingafani, ukhulise impilo yezihlahla zakudala, uphilise amanxeba esihlahleni, ushintshe futhi uthuthukise izinga lezithelo, nokunye okuningi.

Ukuqoqa amapheya entwasahlobo kuyindlela ethandwayo phakathi kwabachwepheshe; futhi kufanelekile nabalimi abashadile abanentshisekelo yokulima futhi bafuna ukufeza impumelelo kule nsimu.