Isihlahla se-Apple

Izimfihlo zokulima ngokuphumelelayo kwe-apula "I-safari ye-Pepin"

Mhlawumbe akekho umlimi oyedwa ongayazi ezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula njenge "Pepin Saffron." Abalimi abaningi nabathandi bezithelo bamane bakhetha ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihle kakhulu, zinempepho, zihlwabusayo, zihlanzekile futhi zithandekayo, ngoba izithelo zawo nganoma yiluphi uhlobo zigcina ukunambitheka okungenakwenzeka. Uma unquma ukutshala ensimini yakho izihlahla ezimbalwa ze-apula "I-Pepin Saffron", isihloko sethu sizosiza kakhulu kuwe. Kuzo sizolondelana kakhulu nalezi zinhlobonhlobo, thola ukuthi yini eyenza ukuthi ihluke kuzo zonke lezi zithelo, isilinganise zonke izinzuzo nezindleko zokukhuphula lezi apula endlini yethu yezwe, futhi zembule izimfihlo zokutshala nokunakekela izithombo zazo.

Umlando wokuzala

Ukukhumbula umlando wokudalwa kwalezi zihlukahlukene, kufanelekile ukukhokha umfuzi wezesayensi I. V. Michurin. Nguye owenza ngo-1907 izinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo, kamuva ezabizwa ngokuthi "i-Pepin Saffron" futhi zazibona njengenye yezinhlolozi ezinhle kakhulu ososayensi omkhulu. Lezi zinhlobo zama-apula zivele ngokuwela izinhlamvu "Pepinki Lithuanian" ne "Chinese Golden" ngezinhlobonhlobo zeRenet Orleans. Namuhla, lezi zihlahla zama-apula zikhula kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe lakithi, kanye namazwe aseCIS.

Uyazi? I. V. Michurin uphakamise ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyoba kuhle kakhulu ekungcoleni. Futhi ukuqagela. Ngokubamba iqhaza kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-20 ezithuthukisiwe ze-apula ezadalwa, kuhlanganise neDove lase-Altai, Ubuhlobo Babantu kanye Nejubane le-Autumn.

Izici eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene

Futhi manje ake sithole ngokuningiliziwe kabanzi ukuthi umuthi we-apula we-Saffron ubonakala kanjani, ngezansi uzothola incazelo, kanye nezithombe zezihlahla nezithelo ngokwabo.

Incazelo yomuthi

Izihlahla zikhula ubukhulu obuphakathi. Unomqhele oqhakazile, owenziwe kahle, obunamanzi ojikelezayo. Amahlumela kanye namahlumela ayinde futhi ancane, anombala obomvu, ngokuvamile akhiyiwe. Amaqabunga amancane, i-oval, nge-tip ekhombayo. Ziluhlaza, kodwa ngenxa ye-pubescence eqinile zihlukaniswa nomthunzi we-silvery.

Incazelo yezithelo

Izithelo ziyinzuzo enkulu yalezi zihlahla ze-apula. Okumnandi, okomnandi, okunomsoco, ngokuvamile banomumo olinganiselwe ojikelezayo ohlangene nobukhulu obuphakathi. Isisindo se-apula esisodwa sisuka ku-80 kuya ku-140 g. Isikhumba sibhebhezela, sithobekile, sinobuphuzi, sibomvu obomvu obugqamile obungawubona amachashazi amancane amhlophe. Inyama yama-apula inesakhiwo esinobukhulu, esicwebezelayo, esibucayi kanye nombala omhlophe womama. It has ukunambitheka ocebile sweet-omuncu futhi iphunga obucayi. Isiqu sincane futhi sinembile.

Ukuvota

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Apple "i-Pepin Saffron" ibhekisela kuwo self pollinated izinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa isivuno, ungasebenzisa indlela yokuwela ngezindlela ezifana "Slavyanka", "Antonovka", "Welsey" ne "Calvil Snow".

Isikhathi sokubeletha

I-Pepin Saffron ibusika (ngisho nasebusika sekwephuzile) ezihlukahlukene. Ukuvunwa kuvame ukuqala ngoSepthemba no-Okthoba. Ama-apula avuthiwe ngokuphelele angacatshangwa inyanga nengxenye ngemva kokuvuna. Okusho ukuthi, ukuvuthwa kwabo kufike ebusika.

Kubalulekile! Isikhathi sokuqala i-Pepin Saffron isihlahla siqala ukukhiqiza isikhathi sekwephuzile - eminyakeni engu-5-7 emva kokutshala.

Ukuthela

Leli banga kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuvuna sithatha izinyanga ezimbili - ngo-Septhemba no-Okthoba - futhi sibonisa izinkomba ezilandelayo: kusukela ezihlahleni ezincane (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10), kuze kube ngu-75 kg we-apula zivuna ngesikhathi ngasinye, futhi kufike ku-200 kg we-apula ahlanzekile kungavuna kusuka kuma-apula asevele eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala. fresh, isivuno enempilo. Icala liqoshiwe lapho, edolobheni lase-Orel, elinomuthi onama-apula oneminyaka engu-50, "i-Pepin Saffron", ngonyaka unakekelwa ukuthola amakhilogremu amane ama-apula.

Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost

Ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza "kwe-Gold Gold" ekudalweni kwalolu hlobo, kunemibono emihle yokumelana neqhwa. I-Pepin Saffron ene-Frozen ingaba kuphela ezimweni zeqhwa emgwaqeni ophakathi.

Kodwa ikhono eliyingqayizivele lokuvuselela lezi zihlahla libahlinzeka ngokuvuselelwa okugcwele kanye nokuvunwa okuphezulu kakade esikhathini esifushane ngemuva kokuphela kwesimo sezulu esibanda.

Izinhlobo ze-Apple ezinezithelo ezibomvu zensimu yakho: "I-Champion", "I-Cinnamon striped", "i-Berkutovskoe", "Imali", "i-Sun", "i-Zhigulevskoe", "i-Medunitsa", "i-Silver Hoof", i- "Orlik", "i-Streyfling" , "Dream", "Gloucester".

Isitoreji nokuthutha

Ama-apula "i-Saffron yasePepina" ahlukaniswa nokuphila kwabo okude isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izihlobo zabo. Kulezi zihlukahlukene, kufinyelela ezinsukwini ezingu-223.

Zihlala zigcina izimpendulo zabo kanye nezici zabo ukunambitheka kuze kube ngu-Mashi (ngisho no-Ephreli). Futhi ngenxa ye-pulp yayo enesisindo nesikhumba esinamandla, kuhle ukuthutha amabanga amade.

Kungcono ukugcina isivuno emabhokisini amapulangwe noma eplastiki, ahlukaniswe ngamaphepha noma iphepha lokulandelela, ekushiseni kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-2 ° C.

Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-apula ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo, kodwa amaphuzu ayo abuthakathaka ayizinhlanzi nezifo ze-fungal. Ngonyaka wemvula, abanikazi balezi zihlahla kufanele banakekele ukuvikela izifuyo zabo ezifuywayo kule nkinga ukuze balondoloze isivuno.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngokuvamile usebenzise amakhemikhali, afaka phakathi kwe-sulfate nesulfure. I-Pepin Saffron nayo inokumelana ngokulinganayo nenundu.

Ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izinambuzane, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-decoctions kanye nezitshalo zokugqoka, isibonelo, ngokusekelwe e-horsetail noma pepper ebomvu.

Uyazi? Lezi apula zizoba umhlobiso omuhle futhi wangempela wesihlahla sonyaka omusha. Ngokubukeka nokuma kwawo kubonakala njengezibhamu ezibomvu, ezibomvu futhi zihambisana ngokugcwele nesithombe esihle kakhulu sobuhle boNyaka Omusha.

Isicelo

Isihlahla se-Apple "I-Pepin Saffron" sishiya impendulo enhle ngokuphathelene nokuvuna kwayo, njengoba inikeza isithelo sokubaluleka kwendawo yonke. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ama-apula alezi zinhlobonhlobo anomnandi esimweni sawo sokuqala, aphelele ukwenza amakhemikhali, ama-compotes, ama-jams, ama-juice nezithelo ezihlanzekile, i-jam, i-marmalade, zonke izinhlobo zezithelo ezifakiwe.

Benza ukomisa okumnandi. Lezi apula nazo zinambitha kakhulu efomini elimanzi.

Uma unefriji ekhululekile endlini yakho, ungagcina isivuno se-apula ngokuqandisa.

Zonke izinzuzo nezingozi

Ngaphambi kokuba ube ngumnikazi we-apple yalezi ezihlukahlukene, kufanelekile ukulinganisa zonke izinzuzo nokulimala.

Izinzuzo

  1. Fruiting njalo.
  2. Ukuvunwa okuphezulu.
  3. Ikhono lokuzikhiqiza.
  4. Ikhono lokubuyisela eliyingqayizivele.
  5. Ukufaneleka ukuthutha amabanga amade.
  6. Ukunambitheka okuhle kwesithelo.
  7. Ukubukeka okuhle nokuxilongwa kwe-apula.

I-Cons

  1. Kudinga isimo sengqondo sokukhathalela nokucophelela.
  2. Ubuningi bomqhele, obudinga ukunciphisa njalo nokugwema ukugwema ukuwa kwezithelo.
  3. Izithelo azikhulu ngobukhulu, ngokuvamile ziphakathi noma ezincane.
  4. Ukuhlukumezeka kokukhwabanisa.

Indlela yokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga

Uma ukhetha ukuqala izihlahla ezimbalwa ze-apula "I-Pepin Saffron" engadini yakho futhi manje uye esitolo ukuze uthole ama-saplings, sizokutshela ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ikhwalithi nokuthengwa ngempumelelo.

Okokuqala, sincoma ukuthi uthenge izithombo ezitolo ezikhethekile, lapho, uma kunesidingo, unganikezwa ngesitifiketi semfanelo yomkhiqizo. Yini okufanele uqaphele:

  1. Ukuguqulwa kweminyaka. Isivuno esihle kakhulu unyaka noma amabili. Ngokuvamile ayikho imikhawulo kuyo, noma uma ikhona, khona-ke amagatsha 2-3 akhula ngezindlela ezahlukene e-angi 45-90 °.
  2. Ukuphakama kwesithombo akumele kudlulele ku-1.5 m.
  3. Ukuhlanzeka nokubukeka okunempilo. Yiqiniso, ukutholakala komonakalo okwenziwa ngomshini kukhishwe. Izinkuni ngaphansi kwegxolo kufanele zibe nombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, impande kufanele kuthiwa imanzi futhi ikwazi ukuqina, futhi isithombo ngokwayo - isiphephelo futhi ikhangayo ngokubukeka.
  4. Ukugonywa. Lokhu okunye okudingekayo lapho uthenga isithombo esinempilo. Indawo kufanele ivele kahle esiqwini futhi ibe ukuphakama kufika ku-10 cm kusukela empandeni.

Kubalulekile! Izitshalo eziqhakaza kahle, amaqabunga akhula kakhulu azinconywa ukuthenga.

Ukutshala izithombo ze-apula

Manje, ukhetha nokuthenga izithombo ezifanele, ungaqala ukutshala.

Isikhathi esiphelele

Ukutshala izithombo ze-apula kungenziwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Entwasahlobo, ukukhula kwezimvula kuhamba kahle, futhi isihlahla esizayo sizoba ngcono "ukusinda" ebusika. Ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukuba ulungiselele ngokukhethekile isithombo sebusika. Into esemqoka ukutshala enhlabathini elungiselelwe, esizoxoxa ngayo ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Ukukhethwa kwendawo

Lapho ukhetha indawo, kunezici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe: kungcono uma indawo isheshayo, ngoba umuthi we-apple wePepin Saffron awuthandi ukuguqulwa, futhi futhi indawo ekhanyisiwe ngokuqinile, hhayi inhlabathi enomswakama. Uma kungabikho ukukhanya okwanele kunengozi yokuthola amancane, hhayi izithelo ezimnandi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sihlahla, i-leached chernozem, i-floodplain ne-sandy loamy nenhlabathi, kanye ne-loams, iyafaneleka.

Ukulungiselela isayithi

Uma ukutshala kwe-apula kuyokwenzeka ekwindla, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwayo kufanele ilungiselelwe ekupheleni kwehlobo. Indawo yomanyolo elungiselelwe yesikwele esingu-1. m sidinga okulandelayo:

  • 6 kg we-compost (noma umquba);
  • 60 g we-superphosphate;
  • 30 g wesawoti e-potassium.
Zonke izithako zihlanganisiwe futhi zihlukaniswe ngendlela efanayo kulo lonke indawo. Ngemuva kwaloko kubanjwa ukuxuba umanyolo nomhlaba. Uma ukutshala kuhlelwe entwasahlobo - futhi, kufanelekile ukulungisa isayithi ekwindla. Ukwenza lokhu, gamba okuthiwa "umgodi wokufika". Le mgodi ingumgodi onesayizi we-1.5 m nobubanzi obuyi-1 m.

Umhlaba uxhumeke kuwo izingxenye ezilandelayofuthi:

  • 200 g azofoski;
  • 400 g yomlotha;
  • umquba noma i-mullein.

Le ngxube igcwele "umgodi", ihlanganiswe futhi ishiywe kuze kufike entwasahlobo.

Ukulungiselela izithombo

Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zezithombo zingagxila kwisisombululo esikhethekile se-insecticide, isibonelo, i-Aktar. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uvikeleke ezinambuzane. Ungaphinda ugobe izimpande emanzini alula ukuze uvuselele futhi uzilungiselele ukuthungula umuthi.

Inqubo nokuhlelwa kwe-scheme

Uma ukutshala kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcini insimu enkulu emhlabathini. Intamo yakhe kufanele ihlale ekuphakameni kuka-6-7 cm.

Inqubo ngokwalo ilandelayo:

  1. Lungisa umgodi ngobubanzi obuyi-1 m nobubanzi buka-0.7 m (phansi kwegodi udinga ukwenza isilayidi)
  2. Ukusekwa nge-macerated, eqondiswe kahle, egcwele futhi enempilo izimpande zigalelwe emgodini bese zicwatshwa. Umhlabathi ugcwele izinyawo.
  3. Hlanganisa emaphethelweni emgodini uqhube izikhonkwane ezimbili zokhuni. Kubo bahlanganisa isiteji sokuqina.
  4. Ungenza izinsimbi ezincane zobumba ezungeze umgodi.
  5. Gcwalisa isithombo ngamabhakede amanzi.

Kubalulekile! Uma uhlwanyela izithombo zama-apula, izinga lomhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba akufanele lidlule u-2-3 m, futhi i-asidi yayo kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwe-pH 6.0.

Njengoba lokhu kungumuthi othanda inkululeko, omunye omele lezi zinhlobonhlobo uzodinga indawo engamamitha ayi-14 square. m) Ungahlwanyeli izihlahla eduze komunye nomunye, lokhu kuzokuvimbela ukungena kwelanga emagatsheni abo futhi kuvimbele uhlelo lwempande ukuthi lungathuthuki kalula.

Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka

Ukulalela iseluleko se-agrotechnical ekunakekeleni nasekugcinweni kwazo zonke izimo zokukhula kahle kunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi umuthi wakho uzoba unempilo futhi isivuno sibe sesicebile futhi sibe nemfanelo ephezulu.

Ukunisela, ukusiphahla nokukhipha

Namanzi izithombo ezincane zidinga ekuseni nakusihlwa ku-5 l amanzi ngesikhathi. Umuthi okhulile unganisela uma kudingwa futhi ngokusho komhlabathi. Into eyinhloko ukukhumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwezithelo (futhi lokhu kunguJulayi-Agasti), kudingwa amanzi amaningi kunezinye izikhathi. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ukuchelela kumile.

Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amahlamvu ewile, ngaphambi kokubanda ubusika impande ichitheka kakhulu ukuze kulondolozwe kangcono ngesikhathi sasebusika. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba ukhula uphinde uthukulule umhlaba ozungeza isiqu, uma kunesidingo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ayinzima kakhulu futhi iyomile.

Umanyolo

Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Pepin Saffron" zithanda inhlabathi ephakeme futhi zizobonga ngokudla okuhleliwe. Umanyolo kufanelekile eminyakeni emibili emva kokutshala imbewu. Lezi kufanele zibe ama-potashi nama-phosphate fertilizer.

Kunezikhathi ezithile lapho umuthi we-apula udinga umanyolo othize. Isibonelo, emva kokutshala inhlabathi ukupha izinyoni ze-droppings zihlanjululwa ngamanzi (1 kuya ku-15), ngesilinganiso sama-8 amalitha ngomuthi ngamunye. Ngemuva kokuba i-ovary iqhubekile, inhlabathi iyodinga umquba ngamanzi (1 kuya ku-3), 10 amalitha ngomuthi ngamunye. Futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekwindla yokufaka umquba womanyolo kuyoba usizo, inhlabathi engama-7 kg ngomhlabathi owodwa.

Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo

Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile ngesikhathi esifanele.

Nasi uhlu lwezinto ezivame kakhulu ama-apple izinambuzane kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela ukutheleleka nabo:

  1. Apple Blossom Ukufeza ukucubungula yisikhathi sokwakheka kwefihlekile. Lezi zinambuzane ziyesaba izidakamizwa ezifana neKarbofos ne-Waterfox.
  2. Yablonnaya-like like shield. Ukuvimbela kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuqala kokuphumula. Isidakamizwa - "iNitrafen".
  3. I-Codling moth. Kufanelekile ukuqala ukuqinisekiswa ngalezi zinambuzane ezidumile izinsuku ezingu-20 ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla se-apula siphelile. Lapha amalungiselelo anjalo azosiza: "Tsidial", "Zolon", "Metadion". Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhlelekile njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-12, izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka.

Ukuze kuvikelwe ukwelashwa kwe-scab kufanele kwenziwe kathathu: ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephunga, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamafihlethi nezinsuku ezingama-20 ngemuva kokusakazeka. "Imithi" enjalo iyodingeka: okokuqala "Nitrafen" ne-sulfate yensimbi; okwesibili - Bordeaux liquid 1%; ekugcineni - "Kaptan", "Phtalan" ne "Kuprozan".

Isifo somuthi we-Apple singathinteka yi-powdery isikhutha, futhi kusuka ezinambuzane - i-aphid. Thola ukuthi ungenzani kuleli cala.

Ukudubula

Amagatsha okuthela izihlahla - futhi uhlobo lokuvimbela ukugaya nokuphonsa izithelo zama-apula. Kumele kwenziwe njalo, ngaphandle kokuvumela umqhele ukhule kakhulu. I-autumn noma intwasahlobo izofaneleka kule nqubo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ama-1-2 efihlekile anqunywe kusuka egatsheni eliphakathi, futhi 2-3 kusukela kokunye. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ukusika izihlahla zokusika izicucu kwenziwa, kukhishwa umqhele, futhi amagatsha asomile noma aphethwe yisifo asuswe, kanye nalabo abakhula emzimbeni.

Kubalulekile! Zonke izicucu kumele ziphathwe nge-pitch engadini ukuze ugweme imiphumela engavumelekile yokusika izihlahla ezingafanele. Ungayithenga ezitolo ezikhethekile.

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Ngaphambi kobusika, ama-saplings kanye nezihlahla kufanele zibe yindlela ekhethekile. lungiselelaukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ubusika obukhululekile. Ama-sprigs wezithombo ahlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​futhi umuthi uqobo ugoqwe ngephepha noma izinto ezikhethekile. Nge-frosts ezinzima, iziqu ezindala ze-apula nazo zingafudumala. Umgodi oseduze nomuthi ofafazwe umquba, inhlabathi ehlanzekile noma umlotha 10 cm.

Ukuze uvikele amantombazane amancane ensimini, ungabeka izingibe noma uqede. Kusukela emahlathini kuzosiza ukuhlanganisa i-trunk namagatsha asefirini noma inetha legadi.

Uma lesi sihlahla sikhulile kuneminyaka emihlanu, ebusika singagcwatshwa ngesisombululo sokupenda kwe-lime kanye ne-emulsion. Lokhu kuzovikela i-trunk namagatsha ezinamahlumela kusuka ku-frost. Manje, ukwazi kahle ukuthi i-apple yesihlahla se-Pepin Saffron ehlukahlukene, yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, ngokuqonda izici zokutshala nokunakekela izithombo, unganquma ukuthi ngabe lezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-apula engadini yakho itafula.