Ukukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwe-apula lokukhula engadini yami, ngifuna ukuthi kube nokubukeka okunethezeka, izithelo ezihlwabusayo futhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu siphila, njalo siletha ukuvuna okuqhubekayo. Umuthi we-apula "Ubuhle Bashkir" buzibonakalise kuzo zonke lezi zimfanelo - uzothola incazelo yezihlukahlukene ngezithombe, kanye nezici zokutshala nokulima kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Umlando wezinhlobonhlobo
"Ubuhle be-Bashkir" - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokushisa kwamaqanda zasebusika, ezaqalwa ababelethi besizwe, igama laso lokuqala aliziwa. Iqala ukuchazwa ngo-1928 futhi ibhaliswe njengesitshalo esitshalwe yi-isisebenzi esiteshini sokuhlola esiteshini saseStrelayev, futhi kuye kwavela igama elithi "Ubuhle Bashkir".
Ngo-1886 eRussia okokuqala ngqa kwenziwa ukuthuthwa kwezimboni "Ubuhle Bashkir". Ukufika kokuqala kwenziwa ensimini ye-Bashkir Scientific Research Institute ye-CX, futhi ngaphambili lawo mazwe aphethwe ngumthengisi uGribushin. Esikhathini sethu, "Ubuhle Bashkir" buzuze udumo phakathi kwabalimi abasebenza ngasese naphakathi kwabathengi basezimboni futhi akhule nje kuphela eBashkortostan, kodwa futhi cishe kulo lonke izwe laseRussia.
Izici eziphilayo
Izinkuni zibaluleka ngokubonakala kwayo, isivuno sayo, nokuqina kwayo. Kuyathakazelisa izimbali zayo ezinhle nezimbali ezinhle.
Hlola nezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula: Melba, Uslada, Candy, Northern Sinap, Sun, Currency, Berkutov, Sinap Orlovsky, Mechta, Zhigulevskoe.
Incazelo yomuthi
Isihlahla ibhekisela enamandla aphakathi. I-Crohn inomumo ohlangene lapho isencane, futhi ngemuva kokungena e-fruiting iba yinkimbinkimbi-i-pyramidal, ihlume kancane, amahlamvu amancane. Amagatsha aqanjwe ngokujulile nge-trunk, asuke e-angle engama-90 °. Emagatsheni amakhulu kanye nesikhuni, amagxolo ashelelekile, asundu-aluhlaza. Amahlumela ayindilinga, ubukhulu besilinganiso, iqondile, umbala obomvu-brown, shaggy.
Izinhlobonhlobo phakathi kwezihlahla ezincane zokutshala zihlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi iziqongo zamahlumela ziyi-pubescence emhlophe neyaziwakunokuthi umuthi uheha ngokushesha.
Amaqabunga amancane, afana ne-oval, eluhlaza, amacwecwe ngesibonakaliso esifushane. Emaphethelweni amahlamvu abe ne-serrate-like serration. Ingxenyeni engenhla yeqabunga leqabunga libushelelezi, libhede, lifakwe emanzini, liphihliwe kancane, kanti uhlangothi olungemuva luyi-fleecy kakhulu.
Imifino ngokwesilinganiso ivela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Izimbali ezinkulu zombala omhlophe nebomvu, eziqoqwe ngama-inflorescence aphakathi nendawo, zenze iphunga elimnandi.
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo zinamaphesenti angama-100, kepha uma udla isitshalo njalo, ungathola u-140 g. Ama-apula ajwayelekile, ajwayelekile, ayingxenye eyodwa. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, sibomvu, sinyene futhi sinzima. Ama-apula avulekile anombala ohlaza okwesibomvu okubomvu, futhi ekugcineni ukhanyise kancane, athole umbala omhlophe ngemivimbo ye-blush.
Imbewu iluhlaza obuncane, inkulu, i-ovate ngokubanzi. Ubuningi bomphakathi, umbala omhlophe, isakhiwo esihlelekile. Ama-apula anomsoco kakhulu, amnandi futhi anomuncu, ngezinye izikhathi enomunyu omnandi. Izithelo zinokubukeka okukhangayo futhi babe nokubunjwa:
- ushukela - 12.4%;
- i-ascorbic acid - 11.3 mg nge-100 g;
- izinto ezimile - 16.3%;
- ama-acids e-organic - 0.57%.
Ukuvota
"Ubuhle Bashkir" ibhekisela ku-samobesplodnymIzinhlobo ze-apula ezifana ne-Antonovka, Buzovyazovskoye, i-Titovka Seedling yizinto ezinhle zokuvotela impova.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Yize lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingezokuqala-ebusika, ngezimo ezinhle nezifudumele, izithelo zingasuswa ngo-Agasti. Uma ihlobo libandayo, ama-apula avuthwe ngo-Septhemba.
Kubalulekile! Ama-apula ahlaziye avame ukuphuka emthini, ikakhulukazi uma umuthi ungenawo umswakama okwanele.
Ukuthela
Ukulimala kwenzeka eminyakeni 4-6 emva kokuphuma. Kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungakwazi ukuqoqa kuze kube ngu-80 kg wezithelo, ekhombisa isivuno esikhulu.
Ukuthutha
Ukuvuthwa komthengi wama-apula kuza ngesonto emva kokuvuna. Izithelo ezinhle ezivuthiwe ngenkathi zidala izimo ezifanele ingagcinwa izinsuku ezingu-130. "Ubuhle be-Bashkir" bubathanda ngokukhethekile abathuthukisi bezentengiselwano, ngoba kuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kungalimazi ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Ubusika obunzima
Izihlahla zivumelanisa ngokushesha nesimo sezulu esinzima, ezimweni zokuqhwaza zivuselelwa ngokushesha.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo ngokulinganisela ngokuzinzile ukuze kunqotshwe izifo ezihlukahlukene nezilokazane, okuwukuthi, mhlawumbe, yilokho okushiwo yiyo kuphela. Isifo esivamile isisindo somnyama, futhi phakathi kwezilokazane, i-apula iyona engcono kakhulu ekuhlaselweni kwenundu.
Izifo zokusetshenziswa kwe-apula: "Delan", "Antrakol", "Poliram", "Topsin", "Skor". Lahla i-moth nezinye izinambuzane kuzosiza: "Endaweni", "Fastak", "Kemifos", "Detsis", "Calypso", "Karbofos".
Isicelo
Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa njengendawo yonke, ngoba isithelo singasetshenziswa kokubili, futhi ekheniwe, omisiwe nezinye izindlela zokucubungula ezisetshenzisiwe.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-apula
"Ubuhle beBashkir" - umuthi we-apula awukhethi, izindlela ezifanele zokutshala nokunakekelwa kuzokwenza ngcono izinga lezitshalo.
Ukukhula okugcwele nokuhluma okuhle kwesitshalo, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yokutshala i-apula bese unquma indawo efanelekayo. Isikhathi sokufika kubuye kubalulekile.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu kungcono ukutshala i-apula ekwindla. Ukutshala kuqhutshwa ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ngoba isikhathi sekwindla-ebusika isisindo sizo "sikhululekile" futhi siphume kahle, kanti entwasahlobo sizokwazi ukuzuza ngokugcwele amandla okukhula okuhle. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, kungcono ukutshala entwasahlobo ukuze umuthi uthathe izimpande futhi ukhule uqinile ngaphambi kokuqala kwebusika ebanda.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala "Ubuhle be-Bashkir" entwasahlobo, qiniseka ukuthi okokuqala uvame ukuhambisa amanzi ukuze kuvikelwe ukomiswa kwesimiso.
Ukukhetha indawo
Nakuba ibanga futhi kubhekwa njengesizothakodwa uzwela kakhulu ezimweni ezimbi. Kungcono ukungatshali i-apula engxenyeni engasenyakatho yesakhiwo, ngoba imimoya ebandayo yasenyakatho iyoyingozi ngesikhathi sezimbali kanye nokuqala kwe-fruiting.
I-Apple-tree "Ubuhle Bashkir", ngokusho kwabalimi, ikhula kabi futhi iveza izithelo emhlabathini omanzi nezindawo lapho amanzi omhlabathi aseduze khona. Inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi kanye nomhlabathi we-gray loamy wehlathi, kanye nomhlabathi omnyama, kuhle.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Iphethini lokufika liyabonakala, ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula - 4 ngo-4.
Ubukhulu bomgodi wokutshala lulungiswa kuye ngokuthi umthamo wesimiso sempande nesikhathi sembewu, kodwa kufanele okungenani ibe yi-0.6 m ubude no-0.8 m ububanzi. Ngaphansi komgodi udinga ukushayela isigxobo esiqinile, esizosixhasa njengomuthi omncane.
Ukupakisha idinga ukudla okuyisisekelo: Hlanganisa ungqimba wehlabathi elivundile elinomhlabathi we-60 g we-superphosphate, i-20 kg yama-humus kanye no-50 g we-potassium sulfate. Ngaphambi kokutshala uhlole izimpande futhi ususe izingcezu ezibolile noma ezilimele.
Intamo yentambo kufanele ibe ngu-5 cm ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Umhlaba ozungeza isiqu kumele uhlanganiswe, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhlanganiswe.
I-cushion yenhlabathi idalwe nxazonke zezithombo ukuze kubambe amanzi okunisela. Emva kokutshala, umuthi uphuziswa ngokukhululekile, futhi inhlabathi ihlanganiswe nama-humus, amagxolo amancane emithi ngokufaka umlotha.
I-seedling kufanele iqondiswe ku-cola, kodwa kunoma yikuphi ukungawusondeli, ukuze ungabangeli ukulimala nokuqina kwe-trunk.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ukuhlelwa kwezithelo ezinhle ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekunakekeleni okunempilo kwe-apula. Ukugcina imodi efanele yokudla, ukuchelela nezinye izinhlobo zokucubungula ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwesihlahla.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Emshongweni oseduze, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhulule njalo umhlabathi nokuhlanza ukhula. Ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze insimu encane kufanele kwenziwe ngokujulile okungaphezu kuka-12 cm ukuze kungalimazi izimpande. Iminyaka emibili yokuqala emva kokutshala kuyisibopho sokwenza isilimu nokukhipha izimila ezungeze umuthi ngaphambi kokunisela.
I-compost noma i-humus mulching isebenza izitshalo ezincane njengomanyolo omuhle, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukugwema isidingo sokususa nokuhluma. Kanti futhi, ukuqubuzana kwemithi kusiza ukugcina umswakama futhi kuthuthukise i-aeration.
I-Sodding iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ze-horticultural ngenxa yokwehla komhlabathi. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqala emva kokutshala "Ubuhle Bashkir" kufanelekile ukunaka kakhulu ukuchelela, kufanele kube nokuchichima futhi kuvame ukulungiswa kwezimo zezulu.
Uyazi? E-Celtic, igama elithi "ipharadesi" lizwakala njenge-Avalon - okusho ukuthi "izwe lama-apula."
Umanyolo
Ukuqala ukudla ngesikhathi sokufika sekuphelile ngonyaka wesibili. Amasiko amancane angenayo izithelo yenza izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhathi sokukhula:
- Usuku lwenziwa ngesisombululo se-urea - amalitha ayi-10 wamanzi amabili wezipuni we-urea; ilethwa ngaphansi kwempande.
- Ihlobo lenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwamahlumela nokwandisa umthamo oluhlaza, lapha kukhona umquba obunzima obuyinkimbinkimbi - i-sodium humate, "Ideal".
- Izitshalo zokufaka umquba we-autumn zisiza ukulungiselela ubusika - zenza umanyolo we-potash-phosphate.
Kubalulekile! Umquba we-nitrogen akufanele usetshenziswe ekondleni kwekwindla, zivimbela ukuwa kwe-apula.Uma umuthi uqala ukunikeza izithelo, udinga ukuthuthela ekutheni isikhathi sesine sondla. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-fertilizer foliar ngenkathi ehlobo, bayashesha ngokushesha. Ukutshala i-apula kungcono emva kokuchelela okunzima.
Ukuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane
Ukuzivikela okungcono kakhulu ezifweni nasezinambuzane kuyinakekelo efanele - isiko esinamandla, elihle kahle asikwazi ukubhekana nokuhlupheka kunokungabi namandla. Sebenzisa wonke ama-fertilizer ngesikhathi, futhi ususe ngesikhathi esifanele ukususa amahlumela asendulo namathintekile.
Ikhwalithi ye-seedling etholakale nayo idlala indima ebalulekile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga umuthi kubadayisi abathembekile nakwezitolo ezikhethekile. Izithombo kufanele zilungiswe endaweni ohlala kuyo.
Ekulweni nezinambuzane nokuvimbela, kufanelekile ukukhumbuza ngezinyoni, yibo abaphikisi abangcono kakhulu ngokumelene nezinambuzane. Uma uqaphela ukuthi isihlahla sesivele sigula, khona-ke izindlela eziphumelelayo kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
Ukudubula
Ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla, amahlamvu angu-2-3 asele e-shtamba, eqondiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa hhayi ngaphakathi. Umqhubi wendawo kufanele abe ngu-1 / 3l ubude kunamanye, futhi lesi simiso sihlonishwa ngazo zonke izihlahla ezilandelayo.
Ukunciphisa kwenziwa ngezinhloso ezinjalo:
- ukuvikelwa kwe-bummer;
- ukuvuselelwa kwesihlahla nokwandiswa kwesakhiwo sezithelo;
- ukunciphisa ukuqina, okunciphisa ingozi yezifo.
Uyazi? Embewu ye-apula eyodwa yizinga lezinsuku zonke ze-iodine, okudingekayo ukuze usebenze ngokugcwele kwegciwane le-thyroid.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngemuva kokuvunwa (ngo-Agasti-Septemba), ukuchelela kokugcina okunengi kuyenziwe ukuze izicubu ze-apula zigcwale umswakama futhi zingaboni kahle. Ngaphambi kokwenza ukugcina kokudla isitshalo kumele kukhululwe emanzini.
Ukuze uvikele emelene namagundane, i-trunk isongwe nge-ruberoid, i-tar noma ezinye izinto ezitholakalayo. Ukukhwabanisa kwenziwa ngokuqala kwezulu elibandayo (ekwindla sekwephuzile), uma kusenesikhathi kakhulu, ungandisa isikhathi esizayo, okuyinto engozini ebusika.
Ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga kungenzeka ukwelapha nge-vitriol yensimbi noma i-urea ukuze uvikele izifo nezinambuzane. Amaqabunga awile kufanele abhujiswe. Ukukhazimula kwendawo ye-stalk kwenziwa ukuvikela izimpande, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezincane.
"Ubuhle beBashkir" abesabi ukwanda okubi nokukhwabanisa, kudinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile kuphela eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala. Uma uhamba kahle futhi unakekelwa kahle, kuzohamba kahle ekukhuleni, futhi kakade ngonyaka wesine uzokwazi ukujabulela isivuno sokuqala.
