Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezihle zezitshalo nomhlabathi. Umhlaba kumele ube nomsoco kanye ne-oxygen. Ukwenza lokhu, phuthuma ukulimala ngosizo lomlimi. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi ukulima kungakanani nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Incazelo yedivayisi
Umlimi ngumshini wezolimo osetshenziselwa ukulima umhlaba. Isimiso sokusebenza kwedivaysi sihlanganisa ukugaya izingqimba zomhlabathi futhi siqhubeke sigcizelela phansi phansi kokucindezeleka okwenziwe phansi.
Kubalulekile! Ukulima umhlabathi inhlabathi ukukhetha inyunithi ngendlela yokuhamba. Uma kungenjalo, lo mshini uzosebenza ungasebenzi.Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ukhula kanye nezinsalela ezingasetshenziswanga zezitshalo ziwela phansi. Ngaphambi kokulima kuyadingeka ukusungula ukujula kwe-18 kuya kwezingu-35 cm. Le nkhomba ixhomeke emibhalweni ye-agronomic.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zeyunithi zihlanganisa:
- imizimba yokusebenza kanye nezinqubo;
- ukusekela amasondo;
- i-tow hitch.
Izinhlobo
Kuye ngenhloso yeyunithi, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokulima amataretha zihlukile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha indlela efanele yokulima - uma usebenzisa idivayisi engafanele, ubuchwepheshe bokutshala nezitshalo ezikhulayo kungaphazamiseka.
Umlimi ukhethwe kuye ngokuthi ugandaganda. Amatrakta ajwayelekile kakhulu kwezolimo yi: T-25, T-150, MTZ-80, MTZ-82, amaKrovets K-700, amaKrovets K-9000.
Ukuya khona
Ngaphambi kokukhetha ithuluzi lokucubungula kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi kuyadingeka yini. Ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni ezilandelwayo, okulandelayo izinhlobo zezinqubo:
- ithuluzi lenjongo jikelele. Njengomthetho, idivaysi enjalo inemzimba esebenzayo enobubanzi obuningi bokubamba, ubukhulu bayo buyi-35 cm. Ngalo, kutshalwa umhlabathi omdala ovuthiwe, ohlwanyelwa izitshalo zobuchwepheshe, izitshalo nezitshalo.
- ithuluzi lenjongo ekhethekile. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ama-plantation kanye nezingadi, izinqubo ezakhiwa ngayo, indawo yokulima izilimo eziviniwe. Izihlanganisi zenqubo ye-longline yohlobo lwe-chestnut nomhlabathi we-shale.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zinezici ezithile ekuphathweni nasekusetshenzisweni, ngakho kubalulekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lweyunithi oludingekayo esimweni esithile.
Ngokwezifiso zokufaka isicelo
Kuye ngohlobo lokufaka isicelo esivelayo Amadivayisi alandelayo:
- ukugibela amahhashi. Izinqubo ezinjalo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezincane ngenxa yokuhluleka ukuthutha i-tractor unit kwisayithi;
- umlimi wetractor. Esetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi zokulima, ithuluzi lesimanje lokulima;
- isela lozintambo. Amayunithi anjalo asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwamanzi asezindaweni ezizintaba ngenxa yokuntuleka kwekhono lobuchwephesha lwedivaysi yetractor ukuze kusetshenziswe kulezi zimo.
Ezindawo ezincane kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-mini-trekta, engenziwa ngesandla.
Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwalolu hlelo kubangela ukuthi kuphumele phansi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha idivayisi enembile kakhulu endaweni ethile.
Ngomgomo we-hitch
Kuxhomeke kusuka kohlobo lokuxhuma ku-trekta ephuma Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamadivayisi:
- ukulima okumeziwe. Uhlukana nesakhiwo esilula futhi isisindo esincane. Ukuze usebenze ngendlela evamile yale ndlela, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inhloko ephethe ububanzi obuncane. Njengoba sisesimweni sokuthutha, amadivaysi alo hlobo adlulisela umzuzwana omncane wokuguqula ugandaganda;
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthuli lingene emasimini okulima njengenqabile ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucindezele ibhokisi lokugxilisa elenziwe yikhubhu ezwayo nenjoloba ku-cap.
- ukulima okwemigodi. It has a resistivity encane futhi indawo enkulu turning. Njengoba sisendaweni yokuthutha, ezinye zobuningi beyunithi ziwela ngesondo layo elingemuva;
- ukulima okulandelwayo. Kuhlanganisa amasondo amathathu ne-trailer, okudingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokunyakaza nokulima okuphezulu. Njengomthetho, amayunithi alandelwayo afaka ingadi, amayunithi ahlala isikhathi eside, kanye namadivaysi aklanyelwe ukusingatha inhlabathi ye-shrub-bog.
Ngokulima umzimba womzimba
Isigaba sokulima kuye ngomzimba kufaka phakathi izindlela ezinjalo:
- umlimi. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lweyunithi, elisetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo;
- disk. Ngosizo lensimbi enjalo elinywa kakhulu, inhlabathi eyomile neyinkimbinkimbi ezindaweni ezixilisiwe;
- kuhlangene nokujikeleza. Amayunithi akhethekile asetshenziswa ezimweni ezingavamile ukucubungula izinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, isheke lokukhiqiza lala madivayisi kufanele lenziwe.
Uyazi? Umlimi wokuqala okhishwe ukudayiswa wakhiwa ngo-1730 eNgilandi.
- isisel. Zisetshenziswe ngokungajwayelekile ngenxa yokungabikho kwesici esiyinhloko sokulima - ukujikeleza kwamanzi.
Ukulima: amathiphu namasu okusebenzisa idivayisi
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luhlobo luni lokulima ozolisebenzisa, ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi kuyadingeka ukusetha futhi indlela yokulungisa. Iqukethe amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokuklama, uma ezinye izingxenye zivulekile, kubalulekile ukuzinzisa. Qinisekisa ukugcoba zonke izingxenye ezihambayo nezintambo.
- Ukulungiswa kokujula komhlaba. Inqubo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-bolt yokulungiswa. Uma kwenzeka ukungezwani okwanele, i-ploughshare izohamba kakhulu emhlabathini.
- Ukuphakama kwezikhala zefreyimu kuhlolwe. Indawo yezinduku ezindizeni ezifanayo kubhekwa njengesibopho.
- Esikhathini sokugcina kuyadingeka ukuthi usethe ububanzi bokufaka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, shintsha ubude be-traction. Ubude obukhulu, ububanzi bomshini.
Uyazi? Ezikhathini zasendulo, umlimi wawuyihlonipho. Ubugebengu bakhe babhekwa njengecala lobugebengu obubi futhi isela lathwala isijeziso esinzima.
Uma ukhetha indlela yokulima, kungcono ukuxhumana nomngane onolwazi noma isitolo esikhethekile. Bazokusiza ukuba ukhethe futhi unikeze iseluleko ekusetshenzisweni kwegeja.
