Kunzima ukuthola isitimu se-amateur esingeke senze amakhukhamba. Kodwa ngisho uyazi ukuthi impumelelo ekukhuleni lesi sitshalo sezitshalo incike ekukhethweni okulungile kwezinhlobo zezitshalo. Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile ibanga elifanelekile "Isibindi".
Ikhukhamba "Isibindi F1": izici ze-varietal
Incazelo yamakhukhamba "Isibindi" iqukethe ulwazi lokuthi lesi sitshalo sibonakala uhlobo lwesifazane lwezimbali. Ama-ovari anenhlobo lezinhlobo zesilungiselelo; izithelo eziyisihlanu zihlanganiswe ngesinye esisodwa.
Esigabeni esiphezulu, zikhula zifike ku-13-16 cm ubude, ohlangothini luxosha amamentimitha amabili ngaphansi. Ububanzi bawo bufinyelela ku-4 cm. Izithelo zikaZelentsy zifinyelela ku-140 g. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinesikhumba esibomvu esibomvu, ameva amhlophe, nesakhiwo se-spongy.
Bayakwazi ukugcina ukunambitheka kwabo kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10. Kufika ku-10 kg wezitshalo kungavuna kusuka ehlathini ngalinye, uma ulandela wonke amasu agrotechnical.
Ngokusho izibuyekezo ukhukhamba "Isibindi" ahlukene ukunambitheka omuhle kakhulu: iphunga elicebile nokunethezeka ezicashile. Inyama ebomvu iphoqa ngokuphelele. I-peel, ebuncane obukhulu, cishe ayinambitheki okubabayo, igcina umbala ngisho nokuphathwa kokushisa nokugcina isikhathi emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Uyazi? Ngokweyodwa Ngokusho kwezinhlobonhlobo kwakhiwa eNdiya. Eminye imithombo ithi ithiqizwa yiGavish ye-seed-breeding, enomsebenzi wayo ohlose ukudala izinhlobo zemithi yokuzivotela.
Izinzuzo kanye nokuqeda kwe-hybrid
Ukhukhamba "Isibindi" uzizwa kahle kokubili endlini yokushisa nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Baluhlonishwa kakhulu ngabalimi ngalokhu kuhambisana.
Inzuzo yezinhlobonhlobo yizimpande zayo ezinamandla, ezinika isihlahla ukudla okunomsoco nokukhula okuqinile. Phakathi kokuyinhloko Izinzuzo zebanga elikwabiwayo:
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezithelo;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- Izinkomba zomkhiqizo ezinhle zeZelentsy.
Uyazi? Abalimi bezolimo kanye nabachwepheshe beCyrille babheka ikhukhamba njengemifino, kuyilapho ama-botanist abhekisela ezitshalweni, futhi kwezinye izimo ama-berries amanga (amathanga).
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yekhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile
Ikhukhamba "Isibindi" ensimini evulekile ifana cishe nezinye izinhlobo, kodwa ube nezinye izici.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ukuphumelela kokuvuna esikhathini esizayo kuxhomeke ekutheni ulungiselela kahle kanjani imbewu yokutshala. Inqubo ukukhetha nokuhlunga imbewu efanele.
Khona-ke kufanele kufakwe isisombululo saline futhi ifudumele endaweni efudumele, isibonelo, endaweni ebhethri yokushisa. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu iphakanyiswa ukuba ingasetshenziswa ngokutheleleka nge-sinkini ebuthakathaka ye-potassium permanganate noma ifakwe nge-NIUIF-2.
Ukuze bahlume kangcono, uma bedonsa ungasebenzisa ukuphuza i-soda, i-zinc sulphate noma i-boric acid, okuyizinto ezikhuthaza ukukhula. Isigaba esilandelayo kuyinkimbinkimbi yembewu, lapho kufakwa khona izinsuku ezimbalwa esiqandisini.
Ukukhethwa kwesikhathi nendawo
Izinhlobo zekhukhamba ezihlukahlukene "Isibindi" siqinisekisa isivuno sabo esikhulu. Kodwa ukuze isivuno sithokoze ngempela umlimi, kufaneleka ukuhlwanyela imbewu ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukufika kungenziwa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi.
Kodwa udinga ukukhumbula, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, ukwehlisa isivuno: cishe nge kilogram yeviki ngalinye elidlulile. Lo mkhuba uhlotshaniswa nokwehla ekujuleni kokukhanya.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kokufika kufanele ukhethe izindawo ezikhanyisiwe, kodwa uvikeleke emoyeni, emakhakheni nasemakhazeni. Kunconywa ukuthi indawo ayimile elangeni, njengoba lesi sitshalo sithanda umswakama. Ikhetha ukukhula emhlabathini omnyama, kodwa ungaphinde uthole ukuvunwa okuhle ekuhambeni.
Indima yabangaphambili
Imbewu yamakhukhamba yalezi ezihlukahlukene ihlwanyelwa emibhedeni elungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Kodwa ngokuvunwa kubalulekile ukuthi izitshalo zase zikhulile kanjani kule ndawo - inhlonipho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
Amakhukhamba akhula "Isibindi" siyophumelela kulezo zindawo lapho izitshalo zommbila, iklabishi, amazambane, izaqathe nezinye izimila zempande zazikhulile. Akunconywa kakhulu ukuhlwanyela "isibindi" emva kwamakhabethe, amakhabe, amathanga kanye namanye amakhabe.
Ukulungiselela imibhede
Ukuze ulungiselele imibhede yokutshala, kubalulekile ukuwafaka ngendlela efanele. Kulokhu, ekwindla, emlilweni, emquba nase nitroammophoska isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso sezinkomishi ezi-3, amabhakede amathathu kanye no-70 g ngomitha wendawo ngayinye endaweni ehlosiwe yokufika.
Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kuyadingeka ukumba umhlabathi, bese uyifaka ngefilimu ngesonto ukuze ivuselele kahle. Umsebenzi wenziwa ukuze ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi umhlaba ulungele ukutshala.
Imbewu yokuhlwanyela: iphethini nokujula
Ukutshala ukhukhamba "Isibindi" kuxhomeke kulokho ubuchwepheshe obuyokhetha umlimi wensimu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziselwa lokhu okuhlukahlukene: okuqondile nokuqondile. Esikhathini sokuqala, emithonjeni yenziwa ebangeni elingama-40 cm komunye nomunye.
Kulowo nalowo, imbewu (3-4 izingcezu) ingcwatshwa ngu-2-4 cm. Bese-ke benziwe ngopulangwe ngomhlabathi ovulekile. Bese kuhlanganiswe ngento ekhethekile, ngokuvamile ngefilimu. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, udinga ukubheka ngaphansi kwefilimu bese uncipha amahlumela.
Le ndlela ayidingi ukwakheka kwezinhlanzi, njengoba izitshalo zisakazeka phansi. Kudingeka nje uthunyelwe lapho kunesidingo.
Kubalulekile! Uma kunokukhanya okwanele, ukukhula kwesitshalo kunciphisa, izithelo zikhula ezincane futhi zisontekile, zinezeluleko eziphuzile. Lokhu kubangelwa i-photosynthesis ekhubazekile.
Lezi zihlukahlukene zingalinywa ngenye indlela - ekhula ngokuqondile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezindaweni ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini, ibanga eliphakathi kuka-1 m. Imbewu itshalwe kude no-15 cm futhi ingcwatshwe 2.5-3 cm.
Uma kuvela amahlumela, ayenziwe kahle ukuze ibanga elinganiselwa ku-35 cm ligcinwe phakathi kwamahlumela. Khona-ke, ukusekelwa kufakwe eduze kwehlathi ngalinye, lapho isitshalo sikhiwe khona.
Izici ukunakekela nokulima kwekhukhamba ukutshala "Isibindi"
Ukhukhumele ukhukhamba utshalwa ngobuchwepheshe obufanayo bezolimo njengeminye yemifino. Ihluke kakhulu lapho ihlwanyelwe endaweni yokushisa kanye nasensimini. Kodwa njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibaluleka ekuvuthweni kokuqala emoyeni ovulekile, sizocabangela izici zokulima kulo emibhedeni yasensimu.
Ukwakha isihlahla
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, lesi sitshalo singakhululwa ngokukhululekile emhlabathini, kulokhu akudingeki ukuba unakekele ukwakheka kwayo, noma ungakha ukwesekwa kokusika. Ngokuvamile, i-trellis isetshenziselwa ukwesekwa.
Khona-ke ukwakheka kwamakhukhamba "Isibindi" kwenziwa ngesinye isiqu. Ukwenza lokhu, ususwe emasadevu ngesikhathi, i-ovary, iphihliza amahlumela, uqondisa ukukhula ngendlela efanele.
Kubalulekile! Ngezinye izikhathi lapho isihlahla sikhula, asiveli izithelo kahle. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunconywa ukususa amapuleti amakhulu amaqabunga, kushiya ama-stalk endaweni yawo.
Ukunisela, ukukhulula nokukhuphuka kwezintaba
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphuziswa njenganoma yikuphi okunye: ukuchichima, kodwa ukuze amanzi angadli. Ukuntuleka kokuchelela kungabangela ukufutheka kwesithelo, kanye nokubunjwa kwe-ovary - ukunciphisa isivuno. Ukusebenzisa ukuchelela sebenzisa amanzi afudumele, okuthululwa hhayi empandeni, kodwa kuyo yonke insimu.
Umthamo wamanzi ungama-5 amalitha ngesihlahla sabantu abadala. Uma kwenzeka ukuchithwa okunamandla noma isomiso eside, lesi sakhi kufanele sishintshwe.
Ukwandisa ukhukhamba ngeke kube nzima ebhaleni, ifeniteleni, ibhakede, umgqomo, isikhwama, ngisho nebhodlela leplastiki.
Umanyolo
Abalimi abanolwazi bathi ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuxhomeke ekudleni okufike ngesikhathi kanye nokunisela, 80%. Ngesikhathi sonyaka kunconywa ukuthi siwufake nge-organic organic matter ehlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1:10. Yondla ukhukhamba emva kokutshala amasonto amabili kamuva.
Ngokushesha lapho isitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza, sebenzisa ama-extracts we-herbal. Uma kuziwa ekufakeni i-fruiting, bengezela umlotha kumagciwane bese befafaza amaqabunga ngesisombululo se-urea. Ukuze wenze lokhu, engeza u-10-15 g womkhiqizo ebhakedeni lamanzi.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikela izilokazane nezifo
Kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo "Isibindi" ziphikisana nezifo eziwuphawu lwalezi zemifino: i-olive blotch, i-mosaic i-cucumber, i-powdery isikhutha.
Kodwa njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuyihlanza ngezikhathi ngezifo uma izifo zivela ezindaweni ezizungezile noma isimo sezulu senza ukuba kuthuthukiswe.
Ukuze uvikele ezinambuzane ezikhona, kunconywa ukumba imibhede ngaphambi kokutshala uphinde usebenze inhlabathi ngeshusha eshisayo noma amanzi abilayo. Kukhethwe kuphela ukutshala izinto ezinempilousebenzisa amathuluzi angenayo i-disinfected.
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukusilahla njalo. Ekwindla, kubalulekile ukususa zonke iziqongo nokhula kusuka emibhedeni, ukuwachitha ngaphandle kwesayithi.
Ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno sekhukhamba
Imiphumela yokuqala yomsebenzi wensimu ingabonakala ngenyanga emva kokuba ikhukhamba itshalwe, ngokuvamile phakathi no-Julayi. Izithelo zokuqala zifisa ukuqoqa ngaphambi kokuba zikhule zibe ngu-10-11 cm.
Khumbula ukuthi ama-ovari esitshalo ahlelwe ngezimbali, ngakho lapho ukhetha imifino njalo, ngokushesha zonke izithelo ziyovuthwa, zikhule. Isilinganiso sokuqoqa isilinganiso sinye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili. Ngokuhambisana ngokufanele nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ikhukhamba ye-Courage inikeza isivuno esingaba ngu-10 kg esihlahleni, okungukuthi, kuze kufike ku-20 kg ingasetshenziswa kusuka emitha yemitha.
Ukuqoqa isithelo kunconywa i-immatureukuze bangabi nobuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezivuthiwe zifanele kuphela ukuqoqa imbewu. Ngendlela, akufanelekile ukufika ngonyaka ozayo, uma sikhuluma ngokuqondile ngalolu hlobo.
Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe imifino kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu ukuze isiqu sihlale esihlahleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ummese obukhali noma i-pruner. Ngaphandle kwalokho angeke akwazi ukukhipha ukhukhamba, ukudonsa noma ukudonsa ehlathini, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo singase sife.
Uma kuvuna kufakwe endaweni epholile (7-10 ° C), ivikelwe endaweni ekhanyayo, enomswakama oba ngu-80-90%, ehlanganiswe nento evulekile emoyeni, ingagcinwa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme futhi umswakama uphansi, impilo yeshalofu izokwehliswa ibe yizinsuku ezimbili. Izithelo zinesikhumba esincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngokushesha zilahlekelwa umswakama.
Uma sibaphonsa egumbini elingaphansi, lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-0 ° C, lingagcinwa khona cishe inyanga. Yiqiniso, kunikezwe ukuthi isitshalo sehlongozwe futhi sisuswe ukhukhamba esonakele. Zigcine emabhokisini, emabhokisini amakhadibhodi noma ngamapellets ematheni epulasitiki. Futhi ibanga lingasetshenziswa emalungiselelweni ahlukahlukene.
Amaqhawe ahlukahlukene amakhukhamba athande ukukhula bobabili abalimi abanolwazi kanye nama-novices. I-agrotechnology yayo ilula, ikakhulukazi idonsela ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokungahambi kahle, ukuvuthwa kokuqala kanye nokunambitheka okukhulu kakhulu.
