Ukufunwa kwama-apula kubonakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kodwa ikakhulukazi ebusika nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo, sifuna ama-apula ashisayo namnandi. Izinhlobo ze-apple zasehlobo sezidliwe kakade. Ungakhetha ama-apula angenisiwe, kodwa ayabiza futhi ngokuvamile ayinambitheki. Ngakho-ke, uthando olukhethekile lwabalimi olufanelwe nge-autumn izinhlobo, ezivuthwa kamuva futhi zigcinwe kahle. Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyasebenza Isihlahla se-Apple "Zhigulevskoe". Izithelo zayo ezinkulu, ezihlwabusayo nezomnandi zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba futhi zigcina zonke izimfanelo zazo kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Umlando we-apula tree "Zhigulevskoe".
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-80 eyedlule, esiteshini sokuhlola saseKuibyshev, umfuyi uSergey Pavlovich Kedrin (1905-1981) wawela izinhlobo ezimbili - i-Russian yasekhaya yaseBrithani "Borovinka vulgaris" kanye ne-transatlantic (e-USA) "Umklomelo kaWagner". Umgomo wukuthi uthole umuthi we-apple okhula ngokushesha ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane, okukwazi ukunikeza amavithamini esikhathini sonke sasebusika. Isihlahla sokuqala sokwehluka kwe-autumn sekwephuzile satshalwe ngo-1936. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula "iZhigulevskoe" ziye zathola ukuthandwa hhayi eRussia kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe amaningi emhlabeni.
Incazelo ye-apple ezihlukahlukene "Zhigulevskoe"
Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zihlanganisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zabazali bayo. Kusukela "umklomelo kaWagner" wathola isivuno nokuzikhethela, ukunambitheka kwesimilo, ikhono lezithelo ukugcina izimfanelo zabo eziwusizo kuze kuFebhuwari. Kusuka ku "Borovinka evamile" - ukukhula okusheshayo nokuvuthwa kwesihlahla, ubungako obuphakathi, ukuphikiswa kwezifo, ukulula nokuqina okubandayo. Apple "Zhigulevskoe" inencazelo elandelayo.
Izici zomuthi
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalolu hlobo zizakhi ezilandelayo:
- ukukhula okusheshayo. Ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala, isitshalo sokuqala sivunwa, ngomhlaka wesithupha nesikhombisa, isihlahla se-apula sivuthwe ngokugcwele (sikhombisa ku-250-300 kg we-apula);
- ukukhula okulinganiselwe (ukukhula kufikele ku-3 m);
- ipramramidal ebanzi engekho corona. Amagatsha aqondiswa phezulu, angavamile. Ukukhanya komoya nokukhanya komqhele kuhle;
- ukudubula okwenziwe ngezansi. Amahlumela abasha abomvu amnyama ngqo;
- Amaqabunga amakhulu, ama-oblong-ovate, anezingqimba ezinamafutha kanye nokugqama okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amathiphu amaqabunga aphikisiwe;
- ukuqhakaza izimbali ezimhlophe nezikhulu;
- ibhakede elimnyama elimnyama.
Kubalulekile! Izinso apple "Zhigulevskoe" vusa Mashi-Ephreli. Uma kwenzeka ama-frosts entwasahlobo enengozi yokulimala.
Izithelo Zezithelo
Ama-apula kuleli banga ahluke ngendlela yokuhweba enhle kakhulu:
- ubukhulu obukhulu, ububanzi obulodwa (ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo se-apula sisuka ku-150 kuya ku-300 g);
- ukuma nxazonke (nge-tubercles ezingavamile);
- isithelo sinomuthi oqinile, oly oily;
- Umbala wangaphandle unobomvu obomvu, obomvu, nge-blush echaziwe;
- imbewu ye-sunflower - emnyama, encane;
- i-pulp inombala wekhilimu; ithenda, ngesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe;
- ukunambitha - okukhulunywa ngomuncu-okumnandi;
- esho amnandi apula flavour;
- Ikhalori - 50 kcal.
Uyazi? Isikhathi sokukhula se-apula "Zhigulevskoe" singama-175 izinsuku.
Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
"I-apple ye-Zhiguli" inenani lezinto eziyingqayizivele eziwusizo. (okuyinto lezi ezihlukahlukene zanikezwa imiklomelo ngamazwe):
- isivuno esikhulu (ukuphakama - iminyaka eyishumi);
- ukukhula okusheshayo kwesihlahla kanye nokuqapha
- ukuthengiswa okukhulu kwezithelo;
- izici ezinhle zokunambitha;
- ukumelana nezifo zesifo;
- ukuvuthwa okuhambisanayo kwezithelo;
- Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinamathele emagatsheni - ukuvuna kulula ukuvuna ngaphandle kokulimaza ama-apula;
- Ukuphila isikhathi eside (izinyanga ezingu-2-3) ngaphandle kokunambitha ukunambitha.
- isilinganiso se-hardiness sasebusika (ifa elivela eMelika "Wagner");
- ukuvezwa kokushisa kwelanga;
- Izihlahla ezindala zithela izithelo emva kwesizini noma ezimbili, izithelo ziyancipha ngobukhulu;
- ubungozi bezimoto.
Kuzoyithakazelisa ukufunda ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla ze-apula, okungukuthi: "I-pear" yaseMoscow, "inselo yesiliva", "i-Orlik", "i-Shtreyfling", "i-Dream" ne "Semerenko".
Imithetho yokukhetha izithombo ezincane uma uthenga
Izinto zokutshala zingcono kakhulu ezithengwa ezikhungweni ezikhethekile noma kubathengisi abathembekile. I-sapling kufanele ikhethwe kusuka kwezitshalo ezimbili kuya ezineminyaka emibili ubudala (kusukela eminyakeni engu-3 ubudala, ithatha izimpande ezibi kakhulu futhi ifinyeleleke kakhulu ku-fungi). Ukupakisha kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Ukukhetha i-apula, kufanele ihlolwe. Kunezibonakaliso ezilandelayo zezitshalo zekhwalithi:
- uhlelo lwempande oluhlelekile (okungenani izimpande ezimbili ze-skeletal (30 cm ngayinye) nezimpande ezinamafutha);
- isikhuphuka (ngaphansi kwalezi zindwangu ezimanzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukubheka ukuthi udinga ukukhipha kancane amagxolo);
- izimpande ezithambile;
- isayithi lokufakelwa kwegraft eliphulukisiwe kufanele lifakwe futhi limbozwe ngamagxolo;
- stem eqondile ngaphandle kokulimala ngamagatsha amacembe kusuka emfolokheni.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yabalimi, izihlahla eziningi ze-apula zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-2-3. Emvelweni, izihlahla ze-apula zingakhula zibe ngamamitha angu-15-20.
Ukutshala imithetho izithombo
I-Apple "Zhigulevskoe" iqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesine, kodwa ngesimo sokuthi ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ze-apula kwenziwa ngendlela efanele.
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlala
Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli (lapho umhlaba uqhuma phezulu), kodwa ukulungisa izimbobo zokutshala ekwindla (umhlaba kuwo uzoba ocebile emoyeni).
Ukukhetha isayithi lokufika: izidingo zenhlabathi nokukhanyisa
Isihlahla se-Apple sithanda inhlabathi evundile ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye namanzi amaningi. Ihlabathi eliphakathi kwe-loamy lifanele kakhulu.
Ngokuba ukukhula okujwayelekile kwesihlahla se-apula "iZhigulevskoe" nokutshalwa kwesitshalo esihle sokuvuna kudingeka ukunikeza ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi. Ukukhetha indawo yokuthungatha, kufanele ugweme izindawo ezithunyiwe. Ukuvimbela izihlahla ukuba zingaboni, shiya ibanga elingamamitha angu-4-5 phakathi kwabo.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela kusayithi
Umgodi wokufika ungcono kakhulu ukuvunwa kusengaphambili - izinyanga ezimbalwa. Umsebenzi wokulungiselela kusayithi uncike ekuzaleni inhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi inhle, umanyolo awufanele usetshenziswe. Kwanele ukumba imbobo 60 × 60 × 60 cm, ukhulule phansi ngezansi ngo-15-20 cm bese ushiya umoya. Uma inhlabathi iyimpofu, kufanele isetshenziswe. Ukujula komgodi wokutshala kuzoba yi-1 m. Uhlaka olungaphezulu (omnyama), olukhishwe emgodini, kufanele luxubane ne-peat (1-2 amabhakede), i-superphosphate (300 g), i-potassium chloride (40 g), umlotha (300 g). Ama-fertilizer aqukethe ama-nitrogen awasebenzi - azobangela ukushisa ezimpandeni.
Ukulungiselela izithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-apula, kubalulekile ukulungiselela izithombo. Uma umuthi we-apula uthengwa ngezimpande ezivulekile futhi sewomile, kufanele ukuthi uncibilike emanzini okwesikhashana kusuka emahoreni angu-4 kuya kwangu-12 (kungenzeka ngaphezulu) ukubuyisela umswakama olahlekile. Amathiphu ama-rhizomes ayonakele noma aphuliwe kufanele ahlotshwe nge-pruner ebukhali (faka izingcezu zifakwe ebumbeni lobumba). Izitshalo ezinomsuka we-coma zomhlaba kufanele zivele zikhululiwe ekugqibeleni.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Ukutshala izithombo kunamisebenzi alandelayo:
- ubeke amanzi emanzini angaphansi kwezitini - izitini, isanti eliqhekekile;
- gcwalisa umgodi ngamatshumi amabili kwezintathu ngenhlanganisela evundile;
Kubalulekile! Umgogodla, osetshenziselwa ukutshala imbewu, kufanele uhlolwe futhi uthinte isicu emlilweni, - izokwehlisa ukungena kwamanzi.
- Faka isikhonkwane phakathi nendawo bese unamathisele isifelthi kuso. Intamo yentambo kufanele iqhubekele u-5-7 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi;
- ngokulinganayo usakaze izimpande emgodini, zama ukungaziqondisi futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile uhlanganise, ufafaze inhlabathi evundile;
- ubophe umgqomo emgodini;
- yenza umgodi (ezweni eliyinyumba ukwakha umkhumbi eceleni komjikelezo walo) bese uthele 3-4 amabhakede amanzi kuwo;
- Cindezela kuze kube ngu-7 cm (i-peat, amaqabunga, utshani, ama-humus). Ukutshala isithombo nge-root system ezivaliwe kulula - faka ikamelo lonke emgodini, uthele umhlaba bese uwuthambisa.
Eceleni kwemithi ye-apula, ungaphinda uhlume ama-apricot, ama-plums, ama-cherry plums, amapheya, ama-cherry, ama-cherry nama-quinces engadini yakho.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa ngezikhathi ngezihlahla ze-apula "Zhigulevskoe"
Umuthi udinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Kuhlanganisa ukuchelela, ukufaka umanyolo, ukusika izihlahla, ukuvikela izifo nezinambuzane.
Ukuvota
Ibanga "Zhigulevskoe" - kungukuhlukahluka okungazenzisi (imifula embalwa ye-apula impova yizinhlobo zazo zempova njengezinhlobo ezizimele). Izinhlobo ze-Autumn ("Borovinka", "Antonovka", "Kutuzovets", "Anis ezimthendekile", njll) zithandeka kahle indima ye-pollinators. Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-apula angomakhelwane asemakhilomitha angaba ngu-50.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikela izilokazane nezifo
Izithelo "Zhigulevskoe" ziphikisana kakhulu futhi zilinganisa nezinye izifo.
Phakathi kwezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- ukunqotshwa yi-powdery isikhutha (amaqabunga kufanele aphathwe nezixazululo ze-Topaz noma i-Scor - 2 ml ngalinye 10 l amanzi);
- inundu (isizukulwane sesibili). Ukuze i-prophylaxis ngaphambi kokusila, umuthi we-apula kufanele uphathwe kabili (ngekhefu lokuphumula) ngokukhipha umhlonyane. Usiza ngokumelene nalezi zinambuzane nama-brooms of umhlonyane, oboshwe emagatsheni omuthi. Kufanele futhi ususe amaqabunga awile njalo;
- ezinye izinambuzane. Izinyathelo - ukuhlanza emhlophe entwasahlobo yezihlahla (ama-apple amancane ane-choki, amadala ane-lime), ukupompa ngesisombululo esinamandla samaKarbofos (70 g ngalinye ngo-10 l) ngemva kokuba isihlahla sama-apula sesiphumile;
- i-sunburn ibark. Kusukela ekushiseni emaphethweni emagxolo avela, i-bast ibonakala, lapho isikhunta nezinambuzane ezilimazayo zingena khona. Indawo yokushisa kufanele iphathwe - yinqume umonakalo ngommese obukhali bese uyimboza nge-pitch pitch. Ukusuka kokushiswa kwe-trunk kusiza umbala omhlophe kanye nekhasi elimhlophe noma amakhadibhodi, afakwe ezindaweni ezivulekile ze-trunk;
- I-nibbling amagxolo nama-hares namagundane. Ukuvikela ukuwa, iziqu ze-apula zihlanganiswe ngamagatsha ase-spruce, ukuphahlazeka, njll.
Ukuphuza njalo
Ukunakekela i-apula kuhlanganisa ukuchelela njalo (2-3 amabhakede ngesihlahla ngasinye). Kungcono ukuyikhiqiza ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuyadingeka ngenyanga ka-5-6, futhi ngesikhathi sesomiso, njengoba inhlabathi iyoma.
Kusihlwa kuyasiza ukuchitha ukufafaza Ibuye isebenze njengokuvimbela izilokazane.
Weeding futhi ukhululeke inhlabathi
Ukukhishwa njalo kwenhlabathi eduze kombuthano wezimpande kuvumela ukuthuthukisa ukungena komoya nomoya. Ukukhululeka kuqhutshwa njalo ngaphambi kokunisela ngamunye, lapho kwenzeka khona amanzi angeke ahlume, futhi izimpande zizothola umoya-mpilo. Ukuze uthole kangcono umoya we-oksijeni, abalimi batusa ukusebenzisa i-crowbar ukwenza izimbambo eziningana emhlabathini 40 cm ejulile eduze komkhawulo womuthi we-apula.
Umanyolo
Iminyaka emibili noma emithathu yokuqala izitshalo ezitshaliwe aziyikutshala. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-3-4, izihlahla ezincane zidinga ukudla (okungenani kathathu ngonyaka):
- phakathi kwentwasahlobo - 0.5 kg we-urea ngomuthi ngamunye (umquba obolile ungasetshenziswa);
- ehlobo (lapho izimbali ziqala) "Zhigulevskoe" zidinga i-nitrogen fertilizer (imfundo ifakwa emaphaketheni yomkhiqizo). Izinhlayiya zezinyoni zamanzi zizofika kahle (ingxenye yesine ibhakede kufanele ixutshwe nezingxenye ezintathu zamanzi);
- emva kwezimbali - Umanyolo nitrofoskoy.
Kubalulekile! Abalimi abanolwazi, bekhuluma ukuthi ungayandisa kanjani isivuno se-apula "iZhigulevskoe", bayelulekwa ukusebenzisa i-nitrophoska yomanyolo. Lokhu kuzokwandisa isivuno ngo-10-15%.
Ukusika izihlahla
Ukudubula akulawuli nje kuphela ukuma komqhele, kodwa futhi kuyathinta ubukhulu bezithelo, okuqukethwe okushukela. Baqala ukudubula kakade ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila - ngaphambi kokuba batshale, amagatsha we-seedling anganciphisa kancane (kufika ku-30%).
Yenza izihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo entwasahlobo (ngaphandle kuka-Ephreli). Yenze ithuluzi elibukhali. Ama-slice wezindawo kufanele aphathwe nge-pitch engadini. Amagatsha asomile agcoba ngokushesha, intsha - ngosuku olulandelayo. Uhlelo lwe-Apple tree pruning luhilela ukuqeda:
- amahlumela omile noma onesifo;
- uhluma okhula phakathi komqhele;
- ihlumela leyo ekhula.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele kususwe okungaphezu kuka-¼ kuwo wonke amagatsha.
Esikhathini sokuqala emva kokutshala, unqume zonke izimbali. Esikhathini sokuqala se-fruiting, 50% yazo zonke izithelo ezifika ku-3 cm ububanzi kumele zisuswe.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kwesikhathi sasebusika komuthi wase-apula weZhigulevskoye kuhlanganisa:
- ukukhuphuka, ukukhulula nokuhlanganiswa kombuthano we-trunk;
- ukwelapha isiqu ngesisombululo se-sulfate esinawo;
- ukumboza nge-ruberoid, foil, amagatsha e-spruce ngesihlahla sase-spruce, njll. nge-trunk yokuhlanganisa impahla ukuvikela isithwathwa kanye nonogwaja.
Uyazi? Amathoyizi e-Glass wesigodi sikaKhisimusi afanele amvelaphi avela emaapula asekwindla. Phakathi nekhulu le-19 eNtshonalanga Yurophu kwakukhona isivuno esibi. Njengoba kwakukhona isiko eFrance ukuhlobisa isihlahla sikaKhisimusi esinama-apula abomvu, ama-glassblowers asungulwe ukuze athathe izithelo zangempela ngama-apula abomvu.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyaziwa ngokuthi yi-high-yield - kufika ku-250-300 kg yama-apula angavuna esihlahleni, futhi ukunakekelwa kahle nokukhipha izihlahla ze-apula kuzovumela izithelo ukuba zikhule ngobukhulu. Ukuvunwa kuvame ukuqala emva kukaSepthemba 5 (ngenkathi eyomile - ekupheleni kuka-Agasti). Izithelo kufanele zelashwe kancane, ukuvuthwa okugcwele kuzofika ezinsukwini ezingu-14-28 emva kokukhethwa.
Ukugcina ama-apula kulezi zihlukahlukene kunconywa ukuthi bavunwa ngesandla (abangonakali uma behla). Ukuvuna kufanele kugcinwe ekushiseni okuvela ku-0 kuya ku-4 ° C. Geza noma usule akufanele kube-lokhu kuzobhubhisa ukugqoka okuvikelayo ebaleni. I-apula ngayinye isongwe ephepheni, efakwe emakhadibhodi noma amabhokisi enziwe ngamapulangwe enomoya omuhle futhi athululelwe nge-sawdust. Impilo yokulala ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo isukela ezinsukwini ezingu-70 kuya kwezingu-90.
Uyazi? Izihlahla ze-Apple ezihlukahlukene zeZhigulevskoe azisekho eminyakeni engama-20 ubudala.
