Vuna ukholifulawa oyisithelo embewu: kulula futhi kushesha!

I-Cauliflower isitshalo semifino esidumile esingahlwanyelwa zombili ngaphansi kwezimo ezibamba ukushisa futhi sihlwanyele ngokuqondile emhlabathini ovulekile. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, enye yamaphuzu abalulekile empumelelo ekutshaleni le nhlobo yeklabishi ukulungiswa okufanele kwembewu nokuhlwanyelwa kwazo. Ukulandela izincomo zezinyathelo-ngezinyathelo, ikholififera ekhulayo ngeke ibe nzima ngisho nakugadli we-novice.

Ukukhetha nokulungiselela imibhede yekholifulawa

Ukukhethwa kwendawo nokulungiswa kwemibhede yokutshala nokukhula ikholifulawa kufanele kuthathwe ekwindla. Kulolu hlobo lwamasiko okubethelwa esiphambanweni, kukhethwe indawo enelanga futhi efudumele engadini, ngoba inani elikhulu lamaqabunga liyokhula emthunzini, bese kuthi isigaxa seqanda sivele kanjalo.

Inhlabathi eminyene, esindayo nobumba ene-acidity ephezulu ayisihambelani nekholifulawa. Izinga le-pH elilungile lesiko ngu-6.5-7.5. Ungahlola i-acidity ngedivayisi ekhethekile noma imishayo yenkomba. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, kuzofanela ungeze ufulawa we-lime noma we-dolomite ngokuduka kwawo. Imvamisa, i-lime isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso se-250-600 g nge-1 m² (ngokuya ngezinga le-acidity).

Emhlabathini wenhlabathi, iklabishi lingatholwa yisifo esifana ne-keel.

Ukulungiselela kahle inhlabathi yokutshala ukholifulawa, udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-acidity ingakanani

Ngaphezu kokulawula i-acidity yenhlabathi, banaka kakhulu ukufaka umanyolo, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi. Zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi zithanda izinto eziphilayo kanye nekholifulawa nazo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwemibhede, kwethulwa i-humus noma umquba. Inani lomanyolo lincike esimweni senhlabathi, uhlobo lwayo nokuzala. Ukuqinisekisa ukushintshashintsha kwamanzi nokujwayelekile komoya, engeza amabhakede ama-1-3 we-organic nge-1 m².

I-Cauliflower iphendula kahle kumanyolo we-organic, ngakho-ke lapho ulungiselela isiza sakha umquba noma i-humus

Amahlumela amasha wekholifulawa abucayi kakhulu ekuntuleni kwezakhi eziyisisekelo (i-nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). Ngakho-ke, ekwindla, kanye nezinto eziphilayo, inhlabathi ingagcwaliswa ngama-nitrophos (2 wezipuni nge-1 m²), futhi entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala, yenza iKemira (60-70 g nge-1 m²).

Ungenzi imibhede ebanzi kakhulu yesilimo, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekwandiseni umswakama, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yemibhede emincane, ingahle inganele. Ububanzi obufanele buyi-1 m.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Ukwenza ngcono ukuhluma kanye nokuhluma kwembewu, kumele kucutshungulwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza uchungechunge lwezinqubo, esihlala kuzo ngemininingwane eminingi.

Ukulinganisa

Okokuqala, imbewu iyalinganiswa: imbewu ibekwa kusawoti (3%) futhi ifakwe imizuzu engaba mi-5. Ngenxa yalokho, okusanhlamvu okukhanyayo kuhlala kungaphezulu, kuyilapho okusanhlamvu okusindayo kushona phansi. Imbewu ehleliwe nje futhi efanelekile ukuhlwanyelwa.

Ukukhetha imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme yokutshala, kuyadingeka ukukalusa ngo-3% usawoti

Ngemuva kwesisombululo, imbewu iyahlanzwa ngamanzi bese yomiswa kancane ukuvikela ukuhluma ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Kunconywa ukushiya imbewu enkulu kuphela yokutshala, kepha ephakathi nayo ingasetshenziswa.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhluma

Ukuze uhlole ukuthi imbewu enhle izosetshenziswa kanjani, kuyadingeka ukwenza isivivinyo sokuhluma:

1. Imbewu ibekwa ngendwangu emanzi (i-gauze) ngesamba sezingcezu eziyi-100, ukuze kube lula ukubala amaphesenti wokuhluma.
2. Ukuhluma kwenzeka ngezinga lokushisa lika + 20-25 ˚С. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahlala behlola ukuthi indwangu imanzi.
3. Imbewu ziyahlolwa nsuku zonke, amahlumela abalwa futhi asuswe.

Lezo zimbewu ezihlume phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu zokuqala zinquma amandla wokuhluma nokuthi imbewu izokhula kanjani. Imbewu ehlume phakathi nesonto ikhombisa ukuhluma ngokubanzi.

Ukunquma ukuhluma kwezinhlobo zembewu, ziqale zifakwe emanzini bese zikhula

Isikhubekiso

Esigabeni esilandelayo, imbewu ye-cauliflower ilungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa. Ukuze uvikele ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane, impahla yembewu iphathwa kusisombululo esingu-1-2% se-potanganum permanganate imizuzu engama-20, bese ihlanjwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukubulala amagciwane ngale ndlela yikhona okuvame kakhulu, umphumela omuhle kakhulu ungatholwa ngokwelashwa okushisa. Kulesi simo, imbewu ifakwa kukhakhari ye-gauze noma yezicubu bese ibekwa emanzini ngokushisa kwe-48-50 ° C imizuzu engama-20. Amanani okushisa akhonjisiwe akufanele adlule, ngoba imbewu izophelelwa amandla okuzala, futhi ngamanani aphansi kusukela kulolo hlobo ngeke kube nomphumela.

Ukhipha imbewu yokubulala amagciwane ikholifulawa, iphathwa ngesixazululo se-manganese

Ukusakaza okusheshayo

Ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwembewu yesiko okukhulunywa ngayo, afakwa emanzini afudumele egumbini futhi afakwa ekushiseni, lapho ekhona amahora ayi-12. Ngasikhathi sinye, amanzi aguqulwa njalo emahoreni ama-4. Izinga lamanzi kufanele libe likhulu ukuze imbewu ingantengeli, kodwa imboze kuphela. Umgomo oyinhloko wenqubo ukwenza imbewu ivuvukale. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kuzokwenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, khona-ke, zigoqwe ngendwangu emanzi, zifakwa esiqandisini eshalofini elingaphansi.

Ukusheshisa ukuhluma, imbewu ifakwa kuze kube ukuvuvukala, bese ibekwa esiqandisini

Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthambisa imbewu ekufakweni komlotha wezinkuni, lapho kulungiswa khona izipuni ezi-2 zomlotha zithululelwa ku-1 litre lamanzi afudumele bese kuthiwa ngosuku, bese zihlungwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Imbewu kwisisombululo esinjalo sezakhi ibekwa amahora ama-3, emva kwalokho ihlanzwa emanzini ahlanzekile.

Ukuqina kwe mbewu

Isigaba sokugcina sokulungiselela imbewu ukuhlwanyela iyaqina. Ngemuva kokugcotshwa, imbewu ibekwa eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi usuku. Izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-+1 ˚˚. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule ukumelana kwezitshalo kumazinga okushisa aphansi futhi kunomthelela ekuhlumeni okungcono. Ekupheleni kwenqubo yokuqina, imbewu yomiswa kancane, bese iqhubeka nokutshala.

Ividiyo: ukulungiselela imbewu yeklabishi yokutshala

Ungayithola Kanjani Imbewu Yekholifulawa

Uma ukhula ukholifulawa kusayithi lakho njalo ngonyaka, khona-ke ukuthenga imbewu kuyakhethwa, ngoba ungazivuna ngokwakho. Ukutshala iklabishi ukuze kutholakale izinto zokutshala kuyahluka kulinyalo olujwayelekile. Yisebenzise ngale ndlela:

1. Ezitshalweni ezitshalwe ngembewu noma ngezithombo, kukhethwa abukhali: babizwa ngotshwala bomama.
2. Amahlathi akhethiwe aduthiswa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, athukululwe, amanzi kanye nesikhala.
3. Ukuze usheshise inqubo yokuqhakaza, amaqabunga awanakuthunyelwa futhi alungiswe esimeni esinjalo esizonikeza ukufinyelela okungcono kokukhanya kuma-inflorescence.
4. Lapho ikhanda leklabishi liba mnene kancane, susa ingxenye esemaphakathi bese ushiya amahlumela asohlwini athuthuke kahle. Inani labo akufanele libe ngaphezulu kwesihlanu.
5. Ngemuva kwalokho isigaba sifafazwa ngomlotha, ozovimbela ukubola.
6. Ngemuva cishe kwenyanga, izitshalo zesibeletho ziphenduka ama-testes, okungukuthi, lapho isiko lisebenza kahle. Ngalesi sikhathi, iklabishi liniselwa kakhulu.
7. Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezimbali zokuqala, zondliwa nge-superphosphate bese kwenziwa i-hilling.
8. Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, izihloko zezihlumela zikhungulwa zenze imbewu engcono.
9. Ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa, uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo lusikwa ngefosholo noma lukhuliswe kancane ngefolishi, linamathisele isitshalo uqobo, ukuze izimpande ezincane ziqhume.
10. Okwamanje, ukuchelela ukuyeka ngokuphelele.
11. Imbewu ivunwa ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwayo, engahlulelwa ngamaqabunga neziqu eziphuzi, kanye namadumba omisiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, basikwa ngamagatsha wonke, bebeka ifilimu ngaphansi kwezitshalo.

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukholifulawa kukhiqiza imbewu evunwa ngemuva kokuvuthwa.

Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini

Indlela esemqoka yokukhula ikholifulawa yi-seedling, kepha isiko lelo lingatholakala ngokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile emhlabathini ovulekile. Le ndlela inezinzuzo eziningana, ngoba izitshalo zimelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwempande eqinile. (Lapho kudluliswa izithombo, uhlelo lwezimpande okungenani luncane, kodwa nokho lonakalisiwe.) Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuhlwanyelwa iklabishi ngqo endaweni nangesikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka ngaphandle kokubambezeleka. Ukutshala isivuno ngembewu, kufanele unamathele emithethweni ethile bese ulandela izincomo.

Ungatshala nini ikholifulawa: imigomo

Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu ye-cauliflower enhlabathini engavikelekile kuya ngesifunda sokutshala nezinhlobonhlobo (kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi), kanye nezimo zezulu. Isiko elibhekwayo, ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo ezinamakhanda, alivumelani kangako nokubanda. Imbewu ifakwa kumazinga okushisa + 6 ° C, futhi lapho ifudumele imvelo, izithombo zizovela ngokushesha.

Ngisho nasekuqaleni kukaJuni kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokubuya kwesithwathwa, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu, umbhede umbozwe ngefilimu.

Amaphethini wokufakelwa

I-Cauliflower ikhula kahle ngokuya ngesikimu, ngenxa yokuthi izitshalo zizothola inani elanele lokukhanya nokudla. Ukutholakala kwezithombo kuhambelana ngokuqondile nezinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe. Uma amakhanda iklabishi elincane akhiwa iklabishi yokuqala futhi ama-plantation angahlelwa ngokuya ngephethini lama-40 × 50 cm, khona-ke ngezinhlobo zakamuva ezinamakhanda amakhulu - 60 × 70 cm.

Lapho betshala ikholiflower yezinhlobo zokuqala, baphendukela kuphethini elingu-40 × 50 cm, ngezinhlobo zakamuva - 60 x 70 cm

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yekholifulawa kuyenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

1. Endaweni elungiselelwe, ama-grooves enziwa aqonde ku-1 cm ngebanga lama-40 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
   

   Esicebeni esilungiselelwe kusengaphambili, imifino yembewu yekholifulawa yenziwa yafika ku-1 cm ngobude obungama-40 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye

2. Fafaza inhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele.
   

   Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu yekholifulawa, inhlabathi ithululwa ngamanzi afudumele

3. Izinto zembewu ezilungiselelwe zibekwa ngokuphumula okungama-5 cm, emva kwalokho zimbozwe ngenhlabathi futhi zahlanganiswa kancane.
   

   Imbewu yeCauliflower ihlwanyelwa ngesikhala esingamasentimitha ayi-5, bese ifafazwa ngenhlabathi bese ihlanganiswa kancane

4. Ngenhloso yokuvikela, kusetshenziswa ifilimu, edonswa phezu kombhede ngosizo lohlaka lwama-arcs.
   

   Ukuvikela izilimo zekholifulawa ezingungeni ezibuyayo, kufakwa ifreyimu bese kudonswa ifilimu

Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa kwizimbobo ezihlukile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu engu-2-3 ibekwa emgodini ngamunye ngokuya ngohlelo lokutshala. Ngemuva kokukhula kwezithombo, kuze kube ngamaqabunga wangempela ayi-3-3 ashiya ihlumela elinamandla, bese kuthi amanye asuswe.

Ividiyo: ukutshala imbewu yeklabishi endaweni evulekile esibonelweni seklabishi elimhlophe

Ukutshala imbewu endaweni ebamba ukushisa

Ukuze kutshalwe i-cauliflower ezimweni zokushisa abamba ukushisa, inhlabathi ilungiswa ngendlela efanayo neyomhlaba ovulekile, isb., Izinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto ezimbiwa zengezwa, i-acidity iyabukwa, futhi ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kuyabonakala. Emhlabathini ovalekile, imbewu yekholiflower yokuqala nephakathi kokuvuthwa ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha lapho iqhwa selincibilikile, ngoba inhlabathi ebamba ukushisa kanye nohlaza ubamba ukufudumala ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinga lokushisa elisekamelweni akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka + 15-18 ˚С.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu elungiselelwe kwenziwa kungabi ngaphezu kuka-5 mm. Ngokugxiliswa okujulile, izithombo zizovela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe nesihlabathi esomile futhi iniselwe kakhulu ngamanzi afudumele. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, izithombo ziyadedelwa. Lapho kudluliswa izitshalo, zenza izimbobo ngokuya ngohlelo lwama-70 × 30 cm. Kunenqwaba ye-humus, i-ash ash nezinkuni eziyinkimbinkimbi (isibonelo, iKemira) ingeniswa emgodini wokutshala.

Kulula ukukhulisa ikholifulawa endaweni ebamba ukushisa kunasendaweni evulekile, ngoba ungadala futhi ugcine isimo sezulu esifanele sezitshalo.

Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukuthi ikhule ikholifulawa emhlabathini ovaliwe kunasendaweni engavikelekile, ngoba kulula izitshalo ukudala izimo ezidingekayo

Baqhubeka nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kulesi sitshalo. Into esemqoka ukuqapha izinga lokushisa komoya, okungafanele lidlule ku-+ 16 ° C, nomswakama - ngaphakathi kwe-70-80%. Uma lezi zimo zingahlangatshezwa, inhloko yeklabishi izokhululeka bese iqala ukubuna.

Izici kanye nesikhathi sokutshala imbewu yekholifulawa ezindaweni ezihlukile

I-Cauliflower ingatshalwa ezindaweni ezihlukile zaseRussia, kepha kuyadingeka ukuthi unake izici zesimo sezulu ngasinye futhi uqonde ukuthi ukuhlwanyela imbewu endaweni evulekile kulungele zonke izifunda zaseningizimu zezwe. Uma sibheka amadolobho njengesibonelo, lapha kufika ukushisa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi eSiberia nase-Urals akufanele kulindelwe ngaphambi kukaJuni 10. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, isikhathi sokuhlwanyela sincike kulokhu. ESiberia, ikholifulawa likhula kuphela ezinhlotsheni zokuqala, ngoba ezinye azinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokubanda, futhi kuphela ngezithombo. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokutshala ikholiflower yezinhlanyelo eSiberia nase-Urals, ziba ngo-Ephreli 10-15.

Ividiyo: imigomo yokutshala ukholifulawa eSiberia nase-Urals

Ezinhlotsheni ezifanele zingahlukaniswa:

• Baldo,
• Opal
• I-Movir-74,
• Umhlaba jikelele weqhwa.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobonhlobo zekholifishi yaseSiberia nase-Urals

Izinhlobonhlobo zekholifulawa yesifunda saseMoscow kanye neRussia maphakathi kufanele zilwisane nezinguquko ezishisayo zokushisa nomswakama, zinganciphisi ukukhanya nokushisa, futhi zivuthwe kungakapheli maphakathi no-Okthoba. I-Cauliflower ingatshalwa ngembewu kulezi zifunda ukusuka maphakathi no-Mashi (ku-greenhouse) kuya maphakathi noMeyi (emhlabathini) imvamisa yezinsuku eziyi-10-20. Ngokutshala, izinhlobo ezinjalo kufaneleka njengoku:

• Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi,
• I-Gribovskaya kusenesikhathi
• Iwaranti

Igalari Yezithombe: Izinhlobonhlobo Zekholifulawa Yesifunda saseMoscow

ENingizimu yezwe (Isifunda iRostov, iKrasnodar Territory), ukutshala imbewu endaweni evulekile kungenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Njengoba ikholiflower ingathandi ukushisa okukhulu, ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo ziyaqothulwa, kamuva zinisele kakhulu njengoba umhlabathi womile. Izinhlobo ezifanele yilezi:

• Adler ubusika 679,
• Isiphethu sentwasahlobo,
• ISochi.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo zekholifulawa yaseningizimu yeRussia

Ukuhambisana nekholifulawa nezinye izilimo lapho kutshalwe

Ukuze ukhanyise kusayithi uzizwe ukhululekile, kufanele unamathele ezincomeni zokuhambisana kwalesi siko nezinye izitshalo zasengadini. Omakhelwane abathandeka kakhulu kukholifulawa yilawa:

• ubhontshisi
• beet
• isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi
• ukhukhamba
• i-sage
• thyme.

Kepha umakhelwane onalezi zitshalo ezilandelayo uvikeleka kakhulu:

• broccoli
• iklabishi
• sitrobheli
• Utamatisi

Ukuze uvikele iklabishi ezinambuzaneni, endaweni eseduze yengadi ungatshala izitshalo ezinamakha anjengama-marigolds, ama-marigolds, umhlonyane, uminti, ne-chamomile. Ukutshala dill eduze kweklabishi kuzothinta kahle ukunambitheka kwayo.

IMarigolds ngeke ihlobise kuphela umbhede wekholifulawa, kodwa futhi iyesabisa nezinambuzane zayo

Akunakwenzeka ukutshala ukholifulawa ngembewu engadini kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe lethu. Kepha uma ukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele, uthatha izinsuku zokuvuthwa, unake izici bese ubheka ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokutshala isivuno, ungathola isivuno esihle semifino enempilo.